Causes of World War I - PDF
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This document presents an overview of the causes of World War I, touching on topics like militarism, alliances, nationalism, and imperialism. It touches on the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. It also contains some questions related to the material.
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Section 2: Causes of World War I: M.A.N.I.A MA –- Alliances Militarism N- Nationalism I - Imperialism A – Assassination War of the Cousins! Map of Europe 1914 Cause #1. Militarism: The Naval Race - United Kingdom vs. Germany ◼ United...
Section 2: Causes of World War I: M.A.N.I.A MA –- Alliances Militarism N- Nationalism I - Imperialism A – Assassination War of the Cousins! Map of Europe 1914 Cause #1. Militarism: The Naval Race - United Kingdom vs. Germany ◼ United Kingdom: Dreadnought Battleships ▪ Had the most powerful navy in the world ▪ Relied on its navy for defense & running its Empire ▪ Favored double-standard Naval Policy (English navy must at all times be double that of another) ◼ Germany had the largest army, but wanted to challenge UK’s supremacy of the seas so built their own ◼ This was seen as a threat to the UK, and so the naval arms race began in an effort to maintain the balance of power By 1914, Britain had 29; Germany had 18. Which country spent the most on its navy in 1910? Which country spent the most on its army in 1914? 2nd most? What was France’s focus in 1914? Why? Colonial wars became testing grounds for new technology Armies “practiced” using new weapon technology in colonial wars Machine gun Invention of the telegraph Germ theory Steamships Canadian troops in South Africa, 1895 with a Model Colt machine gun Armies 1914 – based on this infographic, which alliance had more military might? Cause #2. Alliances (Allies vs. Central Powers) An alliance binds one country to another to help in its defence. Cause #3: Nationalism Nationalism: 2 types 1. A sense of intense pride in your country and desire to preserve its language, religion and customs, and possibly extend 2. Exists when an ethnic group doesn’t have its own country and wants to be independent from the dominant empire. Some nations have states – e.g. Japan Some nations are stateless – e.g. Quebecois, Kurds, Uyghurs, Catalans, etc. Some states are multi-national states – e.g. Canada ◼ How did nationalism contribute to WWI? ▪ As the mighty Ottoman Empire lost power, the many nations within the empire wanted their own state…this was referred to as Pan-Slavism- the idea to unite all the Slavic peoples of the Balkans Ottoman Empire: “The Sick Man of Europe” The ignored Great Power, the Ottoman Empire continues to lose territory during this period. The other great powers do little to help it…but they sure do want a piece of it! This is referred to as the Eastern Question…what will happen to the nations in this crumbling empire The Eastern Question…what will happen with the declining Ottoman Empire? With the decline of the Ottoman Empire, many subjects had a desire to have their own nation = nationalism. ◼ Some did manage to get independence: Serbia & Greece ◼ The retreating Ottoman empire created a power vacuum that Russia, Austria-Hungary, & Germany wanted to fill, creating tensions between them = imperialism ◼ Some nations were absorbed into the A-H empire (such as Bosnia which was annexed in 1908 – Serbia was furious because many Serbs lived there). ◼ UK & France worried these new superpowers coming into the Mediterranean and threatening their access/shortcut to their colonies (ie: India, Egypt, French Indochina) via the Suez Canal Cause #4: Imperialism Imperialism: when a country invades and takes over another country/countries ▪ motivation: intense pride in their empire & to use their resources and labour and in order to gain prestige & power ▪ consequences: loss of Indigenous culture, economic exploitation, wealth for imperial power ◼ Competition for territory around the world ▪ E.g. the “Scramble for Africa” ▪ Germany was hungry for more territory ▪ There was also the area of the Ottoman Empire which we discussed… The shrinking Ottoman Empire Balkans: “a powder keg” BOSNIA German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck’s prophetic remark: “Some damn thing in the Balkans will start a World War.” #5 Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand (A-H) in Sarajevo, Bosnia Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the A-H throne. He was considered a moderate, a peacemaker. He and his wife visited Sarajevo… Catalyst A Serbian, Gavrilo Princip, was part of the Black Hand terrorist organization who’s goal was to include Bosnia as part of free Serbia. He assassinated the Archduke Ferdinand! This started a domino effect that would start WWI… Critical Thinking: who or what was ultimately responsible for WWI? What cause is this political cartoon referring to? Serbia, Austria-H, Russia, Germany, France, England 3. The War Begins… UK Foreign Secretary, Grey “The lights are about to go out on Europe and I fear we shall not see them for a while” Understanding Motives ACTIVITIES: ◼ M - Militarism 1. What did each ◼ A – Alliance superpower want? Go systems to the station and list it as a single point ◼ N- Nationalism 2. How did the war ◼ I - Imperialism actually start and ◼ A – Assassination unfold? Who’s at fault? Watch John Green video 3. Who started WWI? Watch John Green video Who do you think is responsible? What would Canada’s response be?