Child and Adolescent Literature Notes PDF

Litt 1: Child and Adolescent Literature Facilitated by: Dr. Rheydith G. Conte Into the Rabbit Hole Facilitated by: Dr. Rheydith G. Conte Do you still remember the things you did when you were a child? Playing “House” and “Larong Pinoy” Playing with dolls or toy trucks or “baril-barilan” Reading...

Litt 1: Child and Adolescent Literature Facilitated by: Dr. Rheydith G. Conte Into the Rabbit Hole Facilitated by: Dr. Rheydith G. Conte Do you still remember the things you did when you were a child? Playing “House” and “Larong Pinoy” Playing with dolls or toy trucks or “baril-barilan” Reading storybooks and watching TV with siblings or parents “Siesta sa hapon” “Palo ni nanay / tatay pag makulit” Drawing on the walls ABAKADA AND MULTIPLICATION TABLE MOMENTS Elephant What is a child and how can we describe them [children] ? Dog Cat Basic Concepts in Human Development Development – continuous, progressive series of changes leading to an individual’s maturation; age-related, physical, intellectual, social, and emotional changes that occur throughout an individual’s lifetime. Growth – quantitative changes in an individual as he/she progresses in chronological age. Maturation - a stage of full or advanced development; earning to cope and react in an emotionally appropriate way What is NATURE vs. NURTURE? Nature – inherent qualities of a human that are influenced by his heredity and conception Nurture – adapted qualities of a human resulting from his/her upbringing and immersion in the environment Trends in Development Cephalocaudal – development from head to foot Proximodistal – development from central axis to the extremities Bilateral – development that occurs simultaneously in both sides of the body Stages in Life Span Development Prenatal – conception to birth Infancy – birth to about 18 months Infant Reflexes Rooting – turning the head and opening the mouth in the direction of a touch on the cheek Sucking – sucking rhythmically in response to oral stimulation Babinski – fanning and curling of toes when foot is stroked Grasping – curling the fingers around an object Moro – throwing the arms out, arching the back as if to hold onto something Early Childhood – 18 months to 6 years Late Childhood – 6 to 13 years By this point we realize that children do not just develop skills right away. They undergo intricate processes in their own pace. At this point we should closely monitor their needs. Major Theories in Human Development 1.Psychosexual Theory of Development – Sigmund Freud 2.Theory of Cognitive Development – Jean Piaget 3.Theory of Psychosocial Development – Erik Erikson 4.Vygotsky’s Theory of Development – Lev S. Vygotsky 5.Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development – Lawrence Kohlberg 6.Social Learning Theory – Albert Bandura Major Theories in Human Development Classical Conditioning – Ivan Pavlov Operant Conditioning – B. F. Skinner Cone of Experience / Learning Theory – Edgar Dale 1.Psychosexual Theory of Development Childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality Personality Structure – ID, Ego, Superego ID – pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification Ego – conscious part that mediates the other facets of human psyche; satisfies desires in realistic ways Superego – represents internalized ideals and acts as the morality principle; satisfies desires as long as it is moral and would not go against the ideals of the society Psychosexual Stages a.Oral – from birth to 1 year old b.Anal – 1 year old to 3 years old c.Phallic – 3 years old to 6 years old d.Latency – 6 years old to 12 years old e.Genital – 12 years old and onwards A.Oral Stage Child is focused on satisfying oral pleasures Earliest manifestations are thumb-sucking, mouth-sucking, chewing, biting Major Development – Weaning off from breast or feeding bottles Too much or too little satisfaction can lead to oral fixation or oral personality that can continue to adulthood Oral Receptive – smoking, drinking alcohol, overeating Oral Aggressive – biting nails, extreme cursing, gossiping habit Personality – either too passive and lacking leadership traits or too aggressive B.Anal Stage Child is focused on eliminating feces and urine Coping with demands for control and order Major Development – Toilet Training Must learn when to eliminate waste and when to control waste Anal Retentive – Obsession with cleanliness, perfection, and control Anal Expulsive – Being messy and disorganized C.Phallic Stage Child is focused on the pleasure zone in the genitals Manifestations are realizing their sex and having incestuous tendencies Major Development – Coping with first sexual impulses and incestuous complexes; realizing sex assignment Oedipus Complex – boys’ sexual attraction and dependence on the mother Electra Complex – girls’ sexual attraction and dependence on the father D.Latency Stage Child is focused on socializing and performing well in school Sexual urges are dormant in this stage Major Development – Developing Defense Mechanisms to protect oneself from pain inflicted by others Connecting with peers with same personalities and goals Boys usually go along with boys and girls with other girls E.Genital Stage Child is focused on th pleasure zone in the genitals Manifestations are maturation of sexual interest and sexual organs Major Development – Reaching full sexual maturity If earlier stages were successfully completed, the person should be sexually mature and mentally healthy 2.Theory of Cognitive Development – Jean Piaget 1.Sensorimotor – birth to 2 yrs. ( discoveries of objects ) 2.Preoperational- ages 2 to 7 ( use of words , pictures ) 3.Concrete Operational – 7 to 11 ( reasoning ) 4.Formal Operational – 12 and up ( think deeper ) 3. Theory of Psychosocial Development –Erik Erikson 1.Trust vs. Mistrust – Birth to 18 months 2.Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt – ½ & 3yrs 3.Initiative vs. Guilt – 3 tp 5 yrs ( social attentions ) 4.Industry vs. Inferiority – 5 to 12 yrs ( efforts , achievements ) 5.Identity vs. Role Confusion – 12 -18 yrs. ( Identity Crisis ) 6.Intimacy vs. Isolation – 18 – 40 ( self love ) 7.Generativity vs. Stagnation – 40 – 65 ( positive goals ) 8.Integrity vs. Despair – 65 + ( person will reflect on life ) THANK YOU FOR ATTENDING