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# Mometrix ## 3-6 Years - Sleep: 11 to 12.5 hours a day, usually without napping - Growth: Gains 3-5 lbs per year and 1.5-2.5 inches per year. Most growth occurs in long bones, as a child increases in stature and proportionate head size decreases. - Mobility: Becomes increasingly adept, drawing va...

# Mometrix ## 3-6 Years - Sleep: 11 to 12.5 hours a day, usually without napping - Growth: Gains 3-5 lbs per year and 1.5-2.5 inches per year. Most growth occurs in long bones, as a child increases in stature and proportionate head size decreases. - Mobility: Becomes increasingly adept, drawing various shapes, coloring in the lines, using scissors to cut along lines, can brush teeth, can tie shoes by age 6. Able to climb, run, jump, balance, and ride a tricycle or bicycle with training wheels. Interacts with others. - Diet: Eats 3 meals with snacks and can manage a spoon, fork, and knife independently by age 6 - Toileting: Occasional accidents at age 3 but should be independent in toileting by age 4 - Communication: Becomes increasingly verbal and social and commands a large, complex vocabulary by age 6. Understands concepts of right and wrong, good and bad and can lie. Learns letters and numbers and by age 6 is beginning to read. May focus on one thing to the exclusion of others ## 6-12 Years During the years of 6-12, routine health assessments should be done at ages 6, 8, 10 and 12 to determine if there are developmental delays or problems which may include: - 6 Years: Peer problems, depression, cruelty to animals, poor academic progress, speech problems, lack of fine motor skills, and inability to catch a ball or state age. - 8 Years: No close friends, depression, cruelty to animals, interest in fires, very poor academic progress with inability to do math, read or write adequately, and poor coordination. - 10 Years: No team sports & poor choices in peers, failure to follow rules, cruelty to animals and interest in fires, depression, failure to understand casual relationships, poor academic progress in reading, writing, math, & penmanship, and problem throwing or catching. - 12 Years: Continuation of problems at 10 years with increasing risk-taking behaviors (drinking, drugs, sex) and continued poor academic progress in reading, following directions, doing homework, and organization. ## 11-14 Years Early adolescence (11-14) is a transition time for children as their hormones and their bodies go through changes. Children mature at varying rates, so there are wide differences. Emotions may be labile and the child may feel isolated and confused at times, trying to find an identity. Peers take on more influences, and the child may challenge the values of the family. Children may have much anxiety about their bodies and sexuality as secondary sexual characteristics develop. Developmental concerns include: - Delayed maturation - Short stature (Females) - Spinal curvature (Females) - Poor dental status (caries, malocclusion) - Chronic illnesses, such as diabetes - Lack of adequate physical activity - Poor nutrition, anorexia