SSC CGL HISTORY Previous Year Questions PDF

1 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com  SSC CGL History Previous Year Questions PDF Q1. Who among the following was the Maharana of Mewar and composed a book on music called ‘Sangeet Raj’? (a) Maharana Sanga (b) Maharana Pratap (c) Mahara...

1 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com  SSC CGL History Previous Year Questions PDF Q1. Who among the following was the Maharana of Mewar and composed a book on music called ‘Sangeet Raj’? (a) Maharana Sanga (b) Maharana Pratap (c) Maharana Kumbha (d) Maharana Udai Singh Q2. Lord Curzon declared the partition of ______________ in 1905. (a) Central Provinces (b) Punjab (c) United Provinces (d) Bengal Q3. Who was the first nationalist to give the theory of drain of wealth from India to England? (a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) RC Dutt (c) SN Banerjee (d) Dadabhai Naoroji Q4. Khemraj received the Sangeet Natak Akademi award for his contribution to folk music and dance of ‘Kud’. Which state is the folk dance from? (a) Haryana (b) Jammu and Kashmir (c) Himachal Pradesh (d) Punjab Q5. During Alauddin Khilji’s reign, the cloth market was known as _________________. (a) Sarai-i-Adl (b) Mandi (c) Munhiyans (d) Shahna-i-Mandi Q6. Which of the following was one of the first countries to use iron for the manufacture of weapons In as early as 1700 BCE? (a) Romania (b) Morocco (c) India (d) Bulgaria 2 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Q7. The Ryotwari Settlement, in which cultivators had to pay annual taxes directly to the government, was primarily introduced in which of the following provinces? (a) Central province (b) Assam and Bengal (c) Madras and Bombay (d) Punjab Q8. Tamladu is a festival celebrated by the Buddhist community of which Indian state? (a) Karnataka (b) Arunachal Pradesh (c) Madhya Pradesh (d) Himachal Pradesh Q9. Iron mines in Jharkhand attributed to the rise of which of the following kingdoms in ancient India? (a) Kuru (b) Magadha (c) Kashi (d) Kushan Q10. The origin of ‘Carnatic music’ is related to which of the following Dynasties? (a) Bahamani (b) Chola (c) Pandaya (d) Vijayanagar Q11. Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar and Mahadev Govind Ranade carried out their work of religious reforms in Maharashtra through which of the following organisations? (a) Prarthana Samaj (b) Atmiya Sabha (c) Theosophical Society (d) Brahmo Samaj Q12. RG Bhandarkar was a popular leader of which reforming society? (a) Prarthana Samaj (b) Arya Samaj (c) Theosophical Society (d) Brahmo Samaj Q13. _____________ was the first woman to be ordained as a bhikkhuni in the Buddhism. (a) Dhammananda Bhikkhuni (b) Sujata (c) Mahaprajapati Gotami (d) Sanghamitta 3 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Q14. "India House", a revolutionary organisation, was established by Shyamji Krishna Varma in ____________________ for the spread of Indian Nationalism. (a) Singapore (b) London (c) San Francisco (d) Paris Q15. The origin of Directive Principles of State Policy can be traced to which of the following? (a) Gandhi Irwin Pact (b) Poona Pact (c) Second Round Table Conference (d) Karachi Resolution Q16. In 1908, _____________ and Prafulla Chaki threw a bomb at a carriage that was occupied, they believed, by Kingsford, the unpopular judge of Muzzafarpur. (a) Bhagat Singh (b) Khudiram Bose (c) Rajguru (d) Jaitndranath Bose Q17. The capital of Vajji Mahajanapada was ______________. (a) Pataliputra (b) Champa (c) Vaishali (d) Koshala Q18. Who led the Revolt of 1857 in Bihar? (a) Azimullah (b) Bakht Khan (c) Veer Kunwar Singh (d) Maulvi Ahmadullah Q19. Sisodiya Rajput ruler of Mewar, Amar Singh accepted Mughal services during the reign. of _______________. (a) Akbar (b) Jahangir (c) Aurangzeb (d) Babur Q20. Who among the following leaders from INC attended the Second Round Table Conference? (a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Subhash Chandra Bose (c) Sucheta Kripalani (d) Jawaharlal Nehru 4 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Q21. Through which of the following organisations did Annie Besant promote the studies of ancient Indian religions, philosophies and doctrines? (a) Arya Samaj (b) Theosophical Society (c) Paramhans Mandali (d) Prarthana Samaj Q22. The first railway line In India was started from ___________ to _____________ 1853. (a) Bombay to Palghar (b) Bombay to Poona (c) Bombay to Karjat (d) Bombay to Thane Q23. The local communities of merchants were known as _____________ in the Vijayanagara empire. (a) Rachavarus (b) Narapattis (c) Kudirai Chettis (d) Gajapattis Q24. Under whose reign was the maximum number of books in Persian on classical Indian Music written? (a) Shah Jahan (b) Jahangir (c) Akbar (d) Aurangzeb Q25. The Cabinet Mission came to India in _____________ to discuss the ultimate transfer of power. (a) 1946 (b) 1945 (c) 1943 (d) 1942 Q26. Who among the following was the most famous Shaka ruler, who got the Sudarshana Lake in Kathiawar renovated? (a) Rudradaman I (b) Maues (c) Rudrasimha II (d) Chashtana Q27. Who among the following signed the Poona pact with Mahatma Gandhi? (a) Ali Brothers (b) Chittaranjan Das (c) Jyotiba Phule (d) Bhimrao Ambedkar 5 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Q28. Elphinstone was the Governor of which province of India during 1819-27? (a) North West Frontier province (b) Madras (c) Bengal (d) Bombay Q29. Who was the president of the second session of the Indian National Congress? (a) Dadabhai Naoroji (b) Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee (c) Pherozeshah Mehta (d) George Yule Q30. Sabha and Ur, two kinds of village assemblies are referred to in which of the following dynasties? (a) Chola (b) Rashtrakuta (c) Gurjara Pratihara (d) Chalukya Q31. Who among the following was defeated by Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya? (a) Cassander (b) Seleucus Nicator (c) Antigones (d) Ptolemy Q32. ‘Hind Swaraj’ or ‘Indian Home Rule’ is written by which of the following freedom fighters? (a) Dadabhai Naoroji (b) Mahatma Gandhi (c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (d) Annie Besant Q33. “Amatya” in the Saptang Theory of Kautilya denotes which of the following? (a) Friend (b) Minister and Officials (c) Fort (d) Territory Q34. Abdur Razzaq, an envoy from Persia came to Vijaynagar during the reign of whose rule? (a) Bukka I (b) Harihar II (c) Deva Raya I (d) Deva Raya II 6 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Q35. Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in : (a) January 1915 (b) January 1912 (c) January 1914 (d) January 1913 Q36. The authorities of which country denied the permission to land the ship Komagata Maru, carrying Indians? (a) New Zealand (b) America (c) Australia (d) Canada Q37. Who was the founder of Harijan Sevak Sangh founded in 1932? (a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Mahatma Gandhi (c) Jyotiba Phule (d) BR Ambedkar Q38. Sohan Singh Bhakna and Har Dayal were primarily associated with which of the following organisations? (a) Ghadar Party (b) Kisan Sabha (c) Anushilan Samiti (d) Yugantar Q39. During the reign of which of the following rulers did Hiuen Tsang, a Chinese traveller, come to India? (a) Chandragupta II (b) Samudragupta (c) Ashoka (d) Harshavardhana Q40. Malik Ambar, who resisted Mughals in Deccan, was an able administrator of which state? (a) Bidar (b) Bijapur (c) Golconda (d) Ahmednagar Q41. In which year was the Vernacular Press Act enacted in British India? (a) 1876 (b) 1874 (c) 1872 (d) 1878 7 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Q42. Who is the author of Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi? (a) Ziauddin Barani (b) Amir Khusrow (c) Al-Biruni (d) Ibn Battuta Q43. Who among the following advocated the ideology of “oru jati, oru matam, oru daivam manushyanu” (one caste, one religion, one god for humankind)? (a) Birsa Munda (b) Narayana Guru (c) Swami Shradhanand (d) Keshub Chunder Sen Q44. Moplahs, or Muslim peasants, created a powerful anti-zamindar movement in: (a) Tamil Nadu (b) Bengal (c) Kerala (d) Uttar Pradesh Q45. Imadshai family was known for the foundation of which state? (a) Berar (b) Bidar (c) Ahmednagar (d) Golkonda Q46. Who among the following was the author of ‘Indica’, an account of India under the reign of the Maurya dynasty? (a) Strabo (b) Pliny (c) Diodorus Siculus (d) Megasthenes Q47. Muhammad bin Tughlaq introduced a copper coin called ____________ in place of the silver coin. (a) Rupak (b) Rupee (c) Jittal (d) Tanka Q48. Who among the following leaders led the Bardoli Satyagraha? (a) Lala Lajpat Rai (b) Motilal Nehru (c) C Rajagopalachari (d) Vallabhbhai Patel 8 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Q49. Who among the following Mauryan kings gave up war after the battle of Kalinga? (a) Chandragupta Maurya (b) Ashoka (c) Mahinda (d) Bindusara Q50. Who among the following was the founder of the Aligarh Movement, which was largely responsible for the revival of Muslims in India? (a) Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (b) Muhammad Iqbal (c) Abdul Gaffar Khan (d) Sayyid Ahmad Khan Q51. Nana Sahib, a rebel at Kanpur was the son of which of the following Peshwas? (a) Baji Rao I (b) Balaji Baji Rao (c) Baji Rao II (d) Balaji Vishwanath Q52. Ashoka sent a mission to spread the principle of Dhamma led by his son, Mahendra and daughter, Sanghamitra to _____________. (a) Kalinga (b) Ceylon (c) Cambodia (d) Thailand Q53. Who among the following was the slave-general of Alauddin Khilji, who led his army in the battle against Ramachandra of Devagiri? (a) Nusrat Khan (b) Malik Kafur (c) Ulugh Khan (d) Zafar Khan Q54. Who was behind publishing the first News Paper in India? (a) Deen Bandhu Mitra (b) James Augustus Hickey (c) Hem Chandrakar (d) Harishchandra Mukherjee Q55. Who led the English army in the Battle of Buxar? (a) Lord Clive (b) William Henry Sleeman (c) Hector Munro (d) Charles Eyrecoot 9 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Q56. Which of the following reforming societies believed Vedas to be the fountain of all the knowledge? (a) Theosophical Society (b) Prarthana Samaj (c) Arya Samaj (d) Brahmo Samaj Q57. Which of the following systems of the Delhi sultanate had a influence on the Bahmani and Vijayanagar kingdoms? (a) Walis (b) Cahalgani (c) Bitikchi (d) Iqtadari Q58. What was the function of an officer called Samaharta? (a) Reserve the state treasury (b) Tax assessment (c) Security assurance (d) To correspond Q59. Who was the first social reformer to view modern education as a vehicle for the spread of modern ideas in the country? (a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy (b) DK Karve (c) Savitribai Phule (d) Swami Vivekananda Q60. Which Chinese traveller visited India during the reign of Harshavardhana? (a) Hsuan Tsang (b) Etsing (c) Faxian (d) Ibn Battuta Q61. In which state is the Maski inscription located at present? (a) Tamil Nadu (b) Andhra Pradesh (c) Madhya Pradesh (d) Karnataka Q62. Name the French jeweller who travelled to India at least six times during the Mughal period. (a) Antonio Monserrate (b) Jean-Baptiste Tavernier (c) Seydi Ali Reis (d) Peter Mundy 10 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Q63. Vijayanagara emperor Krishnadeva Raya founded a suburban township near Vijayanagara called Nagalapuram after his __________. (a) father (b) teacher (c) sister (d) mother Q64. Which of the following organisations is credited with writing literary pieces for the abolition of Sati Pratha? (a) The Harijan Sevak Sangh (b) The Brahmo Samaj (c) The Satya Shodhak Samaj (d) The Bahujan Samaj Q65. Who among the following was the first person to discuss poverty line in pre- independent India? (a) Dadabhai Naoroji (b) Mahalanobis (c) Dr. BR Ambedkar (d) RK Shanmukham Chetty Q66. Under whom was CP Ilbert a law member of the council? (a) Lord Lytton. (b) Lord Cornwallis (c) Lord Ripon (d) Lord Curzon Q67. A wealthy person in the early Vedic period was known as ___________. (a) Duhitri (b) Gaveshna (c) Gomat (d) Ravi Q68. The Shailendra kings who founded their empire in South-east Asia in the 8th Century AD were the followers of _____________. (a) Buddhism (b) Shaivism (c) Jainism (d) Hinduism Q69. _________ announced the bifurcation of the British Indian Empire into a secular India and Islamic Pakistan. (a) Lord Ripon (b) Lord Dalhousie (c) Lord Louis Mountbatten (d) Lord Curzon 11 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Q70. When was the Secretary of State for India made responsible for the Government of British India by bringing about changes in the Home Government? (a) 1858 (b) 1833 (c) 1857 (d) 1813 Q71. Path in North-West India organised the society of Khudai Khidmatgars, popularly known as Red Shirt, under whose leadership. (a) Muhammad Ali (b) MA ari (c) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (d) Hasrat Mohani Q72. Which of the following was established in Bombay in 1875? (a) Satyashodhak Samaj (b) Aligarh movement (c) Brahma Samaj (d) Arya Samaj Q73. Who among the following was defeated in the battle of Chanderi in 1528? (a) Shershah Suri (b) Babur (c) Sikandar Lodi (d) Medini Rai Q74. The Vedic Aryans lived in the area called Sapta-Sindhu, which means area drained by seven rivers. One of the rivers among the seven is Jhelum. What was its ancient name? (a) Askini (b) Parushni (c) Vipash (d) Vitasta Q75. In Chola administration, ________ was the assembly in the villages which were inhabited predominantly by the Brahmanas. (a) Ur (b) Khilya (c) Nagaram (d) Sabha Q76. Ryotwari system of revenue collection in India, introduced by the British, was based on the _______. (a) Smith’s theory of rent (b) Ricardian theory of rent (c) Malthusian theory of rent (d) Marx’s theory of rent 12 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Q77. Which of the following led English company in Battle of Plassey (1757)? (a) Lord Dalhousie (b) Captain Hodson (c) Warren Hastings (d) Robert Clive Q78. Harihara and Bukka established an independent state in Karnataka and established the capital city Vijayanagar on the banks of river __________ in 1336. (a) Betwa (b) Tapi (c) Mahanadi (d) Tungabhadra Q79. Which of the following combinations of ‘Ruler – Predecessor’ is correct with respect to the Delhi Sultanate? (a) Alauddin Khalji – Jalaluddin Khalji (b) Jalaluddin Khalji – Alauddin Khalji (c) Muhammad Tughluq – Firuz Shah Tughluq (d) Ghiyasuddin Tughluq – Muhammad Tughluq Q80. Vetti tax that is mentioned in the inscriptions of the Chola dynasty was taken in _________ form. (a) Crops (b) Land revenue (c) Cash (d) Forced labour Q81. The Chinese Buddhist pilgrim, Xuan Zang, came to the Indian subcontinent about _______ years ago. (a) 1100 (b) 1700 (c) 2000 (d) 1400 Q82. Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni was a contemporary of which Chola king? (a) Rajaraja I (b) Rajendra II (c) Rajadhiraja (d) Rajendra I Q83. According to the Brihat Samhita, what do you call the process of making scents, mouth perfumes and bath powders? (a) Jatuka (b) Gandhayukli (c) Kamplcica (d) Pattanga 13 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Q84. The British Parliament transferred the powers of the East India Company to the British crown in ______. (a) 1856 (b) 1858 (c) 1854 (d) 1860 Q85. Who among the following rulers appointed Ladha and Pira, two gardeners to high administrative post? (a) Khizr Khan (b) Muhammad Tughluq (c) Bahlol Lodi (d) Iltutmish Q86. In which of the following years was the Indian National Congress split into two groups named as Moderates and Extremists? (a) 1895 (b) 1899 (c) 1907 (d) 1904 Q87. When did the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan die? (a) 1219 (b) 1210 (c) 1235 (d) 1227 Q88. Merchants and migrants first brought the teachings of the holy Quran to India in the __________ century. (a) fourth (b) seventh (c) ninth (d) sixth Q89. During which of the following period Ostriches were found in India? (a) Mesolithic (b) Chalcolithic (c) Neolithic (d) Palaeolithic Q90. Which company has set up a factory on the banks of river Hugli in 1651? (a) Danish (b) Portuguese (c) English (d) French 14 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Q91. Who among the following revolutionaries was associated with Swadesh Bandhav Samiti? (a) Chandrasekhar Azad (b) Bhagat Singh (c) Rajguru (d) Ashwini Kumar Dutta Q92. Based on Macaulay’s Minute, the English Education Act was introduced in ______. (a) 1875 (b) 1835 (c) 1855 (d) 1815 Q93. Identify the freedom fighter who, as a child, hated going to school and found it suffocating and oppressive. (a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Jawaharlal Nehru (c) Jyotiba Phule (d) Rabindranath Tagore Q94. Who was considered as last powerful Mughal ruler of India? (a) Akbar (b) Aurangzeb (c) Akbar II (d) Shahjahan Q95. In which of the following sites of the Harappan civilization was Jadeite stone found? (a) Hallur (b) Mehrgarh (c) Daojali Hading (d) Mahagara Q96. Dadabhai Naoroji offered a scathing criticism of the economic impact of British rule through his book entitled ‘_____________’. (a) India Today (b) The Idea of India (c) Poverty and Un-British Tule in India (d) The History of British India Q97. Mirza Kamran was the brother of which Mughal emperor? (a) Humayun (b) Akbar (c) Jahangir (d) Shah Jahan 15 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Q98. Which of the following statement is correct with respect to the Prashastis and land grants? I. Prashastis were composed by learned Brahmanas. II. Kings often rewarded Brahmanas by grants of land which were recorded on copper plates. (a) Only I (b) Both I and II (c) Only II (d) Neither I nor II Q99. Battle of Buxar was fought in ______. (a) 1767 (b) 1757 (c) 1764 (d) 1774 Q100. Which dynasty bronze statues were made using the “lost wax” technique? (a) Chola (b) Pandya (c) Chalukya (d) Pala Q101. Samudragupta’s mother belonged to which of the following gana? (a) Koliya (b) Lichchhavi (c) Sakya (d) Vajji Q102. How many delegates attended the first session of Congress in 1885? (a) 62 (b) 78 (c) 68 (d) 72 Q103. Which of the following revolutionary groups’ members assassinated Assistant Superintendent of Police John Saunders in 1927? (a) Hindustan Sewa Dal (b) Hindustan Republican Association (c) Abhinav Bharat Secret Society (d) Anushilan Samiti Q104. Who released a special stamp entitled ‘Wheat Revolution’ in July 1968? (a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Jawaharlal Nehru (c) Indira Gandhi (d) Motilal Nehru 16 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Q105. The National Archives of India came up in the ______. (a) 1930s (b) 1910s (c) 1920s (d) 1900s Q106. Who among the following defeated Mughal emperor Humayun at Chausa? (a) Mirza Hakim (b) Safavid Shah (c) Sher Khan (d) Mirza Kamran Q107. Abdul Karim Khan and Abdul Wahid Khan were the founders of the ________ gharana. (a) Jaipur - Atrauli (b) Gwalior (c) Agra (d) Kirana Q108. Puhar or Kaveripattinam, was the port of which of the following dynasty? (a) Cheras (b) Cholas (c) Pandyas (d) Vakatakas Q109. Which of the following statement is correct with respect to the Sangam literature? I. These texts were supposed to be composed and compiled in assemblies of poets. II. The Sangam literature compiled in assemblies of poets was held in the city of Madurai. (a) Neither I nor II (b) Both I and II (c) Only I (d) Only II Q110. After the ______, Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-Cooperation Movement. (a) Jallianwala Bagh massacre (b) Chauri Chaura incidence (c) Bengal partition (d) Round Table conferences Q111. The first English Factory in Bengal set up on the banks of river “Hugli” in ______. (a) 1671 (b) 1641 (c) 1661 (d) 1651 17 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Q112. Who among the following gave up his traditional professions and took to arms, and successfully established a kingdom in Karnataka? (a) Vasudeva Kanva (b) Gurjara-Pratihara Harichandra (c) Pushyamitra Shunga (d) Kadamba Mayurasharman Q113. “All India Muslim League” was established in 1906 at ______. (a) Dhaka (b) Bombay (c) Madras (d) Surat Q114. The Anantraj Sagar Tank was built by the ______ rulers. (a) Vijayanagara (b) Maratha (c) Pala (d) Chola Q115. The bill which provide for the trial of British or European persons by Indians was ______. (a) Hastings Bill (b) Dalhousie Bill (c) Ilbert Bill (d) George Bill Q116. Which of the following cities became the capital of Bengal in 1704? (a) Howrah (b) Murshidabad (c) Kharagpur (d) Kolkata Q117. The duration of the Mesolithic period is from about ______ years ago to ______ years ago. (a) 14000, 10000 (b) 17000, 12000 (c) 12000, 10000 (d) 10000, 7000 Q118. Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar set up school for girls at ___________. (a) Bombay (b) Surat (c) Lahore (d) Calcutta 18 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Q119. The proposed Rowlett Act of 1919 allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for __________. (a) two years (b) six months (c) two months (d) one year Q120. In which of the following years was the Treaty of Salbai signed? (a) 1817 (b) 1769 (c) 1800 (d) 1782 Q121. Which of the following is NOT correct regarding king Harshavardhana? (a) Harshavardhana ruled nearly about 1400 years ago (b) Xuan Zang spent a lot of time at Harsha’s court (c) Harshavardhana’s court poet was Harishena (d) Harshacharita is a biography written on Harshavardhana Q122. The first session of Indian National congress was held at ___________. (a) Bombay (b) Madras (c) Calcutta (d) Surat Q123. In the early eleventh century, the Chola king Rajendra I built a Shiva temple and filled it with a Sun-pedestal seized from the __________. (a) Palas (b) Vakatakas (c) Chalukyas (d) Kalingas Q124. Which of the following offices was NOT held by the poet Harishena? (a) Sandhi-vigrahika (b) Maha-danda-nayaka (c) Nagara-shreshthi (d) Kumar-amatya Q125. The Paramhans Mandali was founded in 1840 at ___________ to work for the abolition of caste. (a) Delhi (b) Calcutta (c) Bombay (d) Madras 19 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Q126. Who was the Mughal emperor, when a massive rebellion against British rule broke out in 1857? (a) Farrukhsiyar (b) Bahadur Shah Zafar (c) Akbar II (d) Aurangzeb Q127. The Revolutionary Socialist Party was established in ____. (a) 1936 (b) 1925 (c) 1940 (d) 1929 Q128. Who among the following performed a ritual called ‘hiranya-garbha’? (a) Dantidurga (b) Govinda I (c) Dhruva Dharavarsha (d) Krishna I Q129. Which of the following Acts of the British Parliament stated that a member of the British Cabinet was appointed Secretary of State for India? (a) Indian Council Act of 1861 (b) Government of India Act of 1858 (c) Regulating Act, 1773 (d) Charter Act of 1853 Q130. Against whom was the Battle of Plassey (1751) fought by the English Company led by Robert Clive? (a) Nizam of Awadh (b) Siraj Ud Daulah (c) Murshid Quli Khan (d) Shaan Nawab Q131. Prithviraja III defeated an Afghan ruler named ______ in 1191. (a) Sultan Mahmud (b) Muhammad Ibn Abbas (c) Muhammad Ibn Suri (d) Sultan Muhammad Ghori Q132. Which of the following sites of Harappan civilization is located near Bolan Pass? (a) Mehrgarh (b) Chirand (c) Gufkral (d) Koldihwa 20 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Q133. Partition of Bengal held in ___________. (a) 1901 (b) 1903 (c) 1905 (d) 1907 Q134. In which year was India House established by Shyamji Verma? (a) 1905 (b) 1899 (c) 1902 (d) 1909 Q135. In which of the following years was the first train run in India? (a) 1853 (b) 1854 (c) 1852 (d) 1855 Q136. Which of the following dance forms is mentioned in the ancient text of Vyavaharmala? (a) Sattriya (b) Mohiniyattam (c) Manipuri (d) Odissi Q137. In 1526, the battle of Panipat was fought between ______. (a) Babur and Rana Sanga (b) Akbar and Hemu (c) Humayun and Sher Khan (d) Babur and Ibrahim Lodi Q138. In which among the following period Catal Huyuk was one of the most famous sites? (a) Neolithic (b) Mesolithic (c) Palaeolithic (d) Chalcolithic Q139. In 1600, the East India Company acquired a charter from which ruler? (a) King George-I (b) Queen Elizabeth-I (c) Queen Victoria (d) King James-I Q140. How many types of taxes were in the reign of the ruler Alauddin Khalje? (a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 2 21 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Q141. Which of the following Indian freedom fighter said that "Be the change you wish to see in the world"? (a) Bipin Chandra Pal (b) Mohammad Ali Jinnah (c) Surendranath Banerjee (d) Mahatma Gandhi Q142. Some important administrative posts were hereditary during the Rashtrakuta and chola dynasties. The post ‘nagara- shereshthi’ meant? (a) Leader of the merchant caravans (b) Merchant of the city (c) Important minister (d) Chief judicial officer Q143. Mughal ruler, Aurangzeb died in which year? (a) 1703 (b) 1705 (c) 1707 (d) 1701 Q144. In 1873, the Satyashodhak Samaj was established in ____________. (a) Bihar Province (b) Madras Presidency (c) Bombay Presidency (d) Punjab Province Q145. Ziyauddin Barani wrote his chronicle first in 1356 and another version _____ years later. (a) three (b) eight (c) two (d) five Q146. The Paramhans Mandali was established to work for the abolition of caste in ______. (a) 1830 (b) 1840 (c) 1820 (d) 1850 Q147. Who among the following was the founder of the Kanva dynasty? (a) Narayana (b) Susharman (c) Vasudeva (d) Devabhuti 22 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Q148. Which of the following pairs of ‘Ruler – Ruling period’ is correctly matched? I. Sher Shah Suri – 1540-1545 II. Akbar – 1556-1605 (a) Neither I nor II (b) Only II (c) Only I (d) Both I and II Q149. In which of the following years, did Subhas Chandra Bose refer to Mahatma Gandhi as the “Father of the Nation”? (a) 1942 (b) 1944 (c) 1939 (d) 1941 Q150. In 1498, Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer had discovered a route to ______. (a) India (b) Australia (c) China (d) Japan Solutions S1. Ans.(c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Maharana Kumbha. Maharana Kumbha was the ruler of Mewar from 1433 to 1468. He was a patron of the arts and literature, and he composed a book on music called ‘Sangeet Raj’. Maharana Kumbha is also known for his contributions to architecture, having built several temples and fortifications, including the famous Kumbhalgarh Fort. He was an accomplished musician and scholar, demonstrating his diverse talents and interests beyond his military and administrative duties. Information Booster: Maharana Sanga: o Maharana Sangram Singh, commonly known as Rana Sanga, was the ruler of Mewar from 1508 to 1528. o He is remembered for his valor and resistance against the Mughal emperor Babur in the Battle of Khanwa. Maharana Pratap: o Maharana Pratap was the ruler of Mewar from 1572 to 1597. o He is one of the most celebrated Rajput warriors in Indian history, known for his relentless struggle against the Mughal emperor Akbar. Maharana Udai Singh: o Maharana Udai Singh II was the ruler of Mewar from 1537 to 1572. o He is best known for founding the city of Udaipur, which became the new capital of the kingdom of Mewar. 23 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com S2. Ans.(d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Bengal. Lord Curzon, the then Viceroy of India, declared the partition of Bengal in 1905. The partition came into effect on October 16, 1905. The partition aimed to divide Bengal into two provinces: Eastern Bengal and Assam, and West Bengal. The stated reason for the partition was to improve administrative efficiency in the region. However, it was widely perceived as an attempt to weaken the nationalist movement by dividing the Hindu and Muslim populations. The partition led to widespread protests and significant unrest, marking a pivotal moment in the Indian independence movement. The intense opposition led to the annulment of the partition in 1911. The event is a significant part of Indian history, showcasing the growing unity and resistance against British colonial policies. S3. Ans.(d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Dadabhai Naoroji. Dadabhai Naoroji, often referred to as the "Grand Old Man of India," was the first nationalist to articulate the theory of the drain of wealth from India to England. He presented this theory in his book "Poverty and Un-British Rule in India," published in 1901. Naoroji's theory highlighted how British colonial policies were leading to the systematic transfer of wealth from India to Britain, causing widespread poverty and economic decline in India. He used detailed economic data to support his arguments and raised awareness about the exploitative nature of British rule. Dadabhai Naoroji was also the first Indian to be elected to the British Parliament, representing the Finsbury Central constituency from 1892 to 1895. He co-founded the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885 and was a three-time president of the organization, playing a key role in the early Indian nationalist movement. S4. Ans.(b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Jammu and Kashmir. Kud: Kud is a traditional folk dance of the Jammu region in Jammu and Kashmir. Khemraj: Khemraj received the Sangeet Natak Akademi award for his significant contributions to the preservation and promotion of the Kud folk music and dance. Cultural Significance: Kud is usually performed during the night under the open sky on specific occasions such as the Lok Devatas’ (local deities) worship, expressing gratitude and seeking blessings. Performance: It involves rhythmic movements and is typically performed by groups of people who move in a circular pattern. Costumes and Instruments: Performers wear traditional attire and use various musical instruments like the flute, drums, and cymbals. S5. Ans.(a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) Sarai-i-Adl. Sarai-i-Adl: This was the name of the cloth market during the reign of Alauddin Khilji. Alauddin Khilji: He was the Sultan of Delhi from 1296 to 1316 and is known for his economic and market reforms. 24 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com  Market Reforms: Alauddin Khilji implemented stringent market control measures to prevent hoarding and black marketing, ensuring fair prices for goods. Sarai-i-Adl: This market was established to regulate the sale and distribution of cloth and other essential commodities. It ensured that traders sold goods at government-fixed prices. Shahna-i-Mandi: These were officials appointed by Alauddin Khilji to supervise and enforce market regulations, ensuring that traders adhered to the established rules. Diwan-i-Riyasat: This was the department responsible for overseeing the market regulations and ensuring compliance with the Sultan's economic policies. Grain Market (Mandi): Specific markets were established for the regulation and sale of grains, which were crucial for food security and stability in the Sultanate. Revenue Reforms: Alauddin Khilji introduced the system of direct collection of taxes from peasants, reducing the power of intermediaries and ensuring a steady revenue stream for the state. S6. Ans.(a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) Romania. Romania is considered one of the first countries to use iron for the manufacture of weapons as early as 1700 BCE. The early use of iron in weapon manufacturing in this region is attributed to the development of iron smelting techniques and the availability of iron ore. The Hittites, who occupied parts of present-day Turkey and Romania, were among the pioneers in the use of iron for tools and weapons around this period. S7. Ans.(c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Madras and Bombay. The Ryotwari Settlement was a land revenue system introduced by the British during their colonial rule in India. It was primarily implemented in the Madras and Bombay provinces. Under this system, individual cultivators (ryots) were recognized as the owners of the land and were responsible for paying annual taxes directly to the government. British revenue officers would assess the land and determine the amount of tax to be paid by each ryot. The system aimed to eliminate the role of intermediaries (like zamindars) to reduce exploitation and ensure that the revenue reached the government directly. Thomas Munro and Alexander Read were key figures in the development and implementation of the Ryotwari system in these provinces. While intended to be more equitable, the system often led to high tax burdens on peasants, resulting in widespread poverty and distress among cultivators. S8. Ans.(b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Arunachal Pradesh. Tamladu is a significant festival celebrated by the Digaru Mishmi tribe in Arunachal Pradesh. It is a festival that reflects the rich cultural heritage and religious beliefs of the tribe. Celebrated annually on February 15, Tamladu involves rituals to worship and appease the deities for the protection and prosperity of the community. The festival also includes communal gatherings, traditional dances, and other cultural activities. Information Booster: 25 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com  Karnataka: Known for festivals like Mysuru Dasara, Ugadi, and Makar Sankranti, which reflect the state's diverse cultural heritage. Madhya Pradesh: Celebrates a variety of festivals including Khajuraho Dance Festival, Navratri, and Diwali, showcasing the state's rich traditions and history. Himachal Pradesh: Famous for festivals like Kullu Dussehra, Losar (Tibetan New Year), and Mandi Shivaratri, reflecting the region's unique cultural and religious practices. S9. Ans.(b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Magadha. The rise of the Magadha kingdom in ancient India is closely linked to the rich iron ore deposits found in present-day Jharkhand. The availability of iron facilitated the production of superior weapons and tools, contributing to Magadha's military strength and agricultural productivity. This advantage helped Magadha to become a dominant power in ancient India, playing a crucial role in the political and economic landscape of the region. Key figures such as Bimbisara and Ajatashatru were instrumental in the expansion and consolidation of the Magadha Empire, leveraging the region's natural resources. Information Booster: Kuru: o An ancient Vedic kingdom located in the northern part of India, specifically in the region of modern-day Haryana and Delhi. o Known for its significant role in the early development of Vedic culture and the composition of sacred texts like the Vedas. o The Kurus are associated with the Mahabharata, one of the major Sanskrit epics of ancient India. Kashi: o One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, now known as Varanasi. o Historically a major cultural and religious center, with a focus on education, religion, and trade rather than military conquest. o The city is revered in Hinduism and has been a pilgrimage site for centuries, known for the Kashi Vishwanath Temple. Kushan: o A major empire that ruled over a vast territory in Central and South Asia, including parts of modern-day India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and China. o Known for facilitating trade along the Silk Road and contributing to the spread of Buddhism. o The Kushan empire under rulers like Kanishka is noted for its patronage of art, culture, and the development of the Gandhara and Mathura schools of art. S10. Ans.(d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Vijayanagar. The origin of Carnatic music is related to the Vijayanagar dynasty. Carnatic music is a classical music tradition of South India. The Vijayanagar Empire, which ruled from the 14th to the 17th centuries, played a significant role in the patronage and development of Carnatic music. The rulers of Vijayanagar were great patrons of the arts, including music, dance, and literature. Carnatic music is characterized by its complex rhythms, intricate melodies, and emphasis on composition and improvisation. It includes various forms such as kritis, varnams, and ragas, each with its own structure and rules. 26 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com S11. Ans.(a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) Prarthana Samaj. Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar and Mahadev Govind Ranade carried out their work of religious reforms in Maharashtra through the Prarthana Samaj. Prarthana Samaj was founded in 1867 in Bombay (now Mumbai) by Dr. Atmaram Pandurang. The movement aimed at reforming Hindu religious practices and promoting the values of monotheism, social reform, and rationality. It was influenced by the Brahmo Samaj of Bengal, emphasizing prayer, social service, and the upliftment of women and lower castes. Both Bhandarkar and Ranade were key figures in advocating for women's education, widow remarriage, and the abolition of child marriage. Prarthana Samaj played a crucial role in modernizing Hindu society in Maharashtra and laid the groundwork for future social and religious reforms in India. S12. Ans.(a) Sol. Prarthana Samaj RG Bhandarkar was a significant figure in the Prarthana Samaj, a movement that promoted social and religious reform among Hindus and aimed to break the caste system. Prarthana Samaj was founded in 1867 in Bombay (now Mumbai), India. The organization was established by Dr. Atmaram Pandurang and was later influenced and supported by prominent leaders like Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade. The primary aim was to promote social and religious reform in Maharashtra. Prarthana Samaj emphasized monotheism and was inspired by the teachings of the Brahmo Samaj, founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy. S13. Ans.(c) Sol. Mahaprajapati Gotami Mahaprajapati Gotami, the Buddha's aunt and foster mother, is known to be the first woman to request and receive ordination from Buddha himself, thus becoming the first bhikkhuni. Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, who lived in the 5th-4th century BCE in what is now Nepal and India. Four Noble Truths: Dukkha: The truth of suffering. Samudaya: The truth of the cause of suffering. Nirodha: The truth of the end of suffering. Magga: The truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering (the Eightfold Path). S14. Ans.(b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) London. "India House," a revolutionary organization, was established by Shyamji Krishna Varma in London in 1905 for the spread of Indian Nationalism. India House served as a base for Indian students and activists in the UK, promoting the cause of Indian independence from British rule. The organization provided scholarships to Indian students, which helped them pursue higher education and engage in political activities. 27 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Facts to remember: Shyamji Krishna Varma was an Indian freedom fighter, lawyer, and journalist who played a significant role in the early Indian independence movement. India House became a hub for revolutionary activities and a meeting place for notable Indian nationalists such as Veer Savarkar, Madame Bhikaji Cama, and Lala Har Dayal. Varma also published "The Indian Sociologist," a monthly journal that criticized British rule in India and advocated for Indian self-rule. India House was instrumental in fostering a sense of unity and purpose among Indian students and revolutionaries in Europe. The activities at India House were closely monitored by British intelligence, and its members were often under surveillance due to their anti-colonial activities. S15. Ans.(d) Sol. Karachi Resolution The Directive Principles of State Policy were inspired by the Irish Constitution and the philosophical underpinnings were outlined in the Karachi Resolution of 1931 by the Indian National Congress. Karachi Session: From March 26 to March 31, 1931, Karachi, which was then a part of British India (now in Pakistan), hosted the Indian National Congress's Karachi Session. The meeting had a significant impact on how the Indian independence movement developed politically. Karachi Session of Congress in 1931 was presided by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel S16. Ans.(b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Khudiram Bose. In 1908, Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki threw a bomb at a carriage they believed was occupied by Kingsford, the unpopular judge of Muzaffarpur. Unfortunately, the carriage was not carrying Kingsford but instead two British women, who were killed in the explosion. Facts to remember: Khudiram Bose was one of the youngest revolutionaries of the Indian independence movement, only 18 years old at the time of his execution. Prafulla Chaki, realizing he might be captured, took his own life to avoid arrest. The incident highlighted the growing discontent and revolutionary activities against British rule in India. Khudiram Bose was captured and subsequently hanged on August 11, 1908, making him a martyr in the Indian independence movement. S17. Ans.(c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Vaishali. The capital of Vajji Mahajanapada was Vaishali. Vaishali was an ancient city and served as the capital of the Vajjian Confederacy, one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas of ancient India. Facts to remember: Vaishali is located in the present-day Indian state of Bihar. The Vajjian Confederacy was known for its republican form of governance, which was quite advanced for its time. Vaishali is also notable for being the birthplace of Lord Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism. The Buddha is said to have visited Vaishali several times and it was here that he announced his impending death. 28 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com S18. Ans.(c) Sol. Veer Kunwar Singh Veer Kunwar Singh was a prominent leader in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. He led the revolt in Bihar against British rule. Indian Rebellion of 1857 began on May 10, 1857, in the town of Meerut, when Indian soldiers (sepoys) in the British East India Company's army mutinied. Immediate Cause was introduction of the new Enfield rifle, which required soldiers to bite off the ends of lubricated cartridges believed to be greased with cow and pig fat, offending both Hindu and Muslim religious sensibilities. S19. Ans.(b) Sol. Jahangir Amar Singh, the Sisodiya Rajput ruler of Mewar, accepted Mughal services and ended his conflict with the Mughals during the reign of Emperor Jahangir. S20. Ans.(a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) Mahatma Gandhi. Second Round Table Conference: Held in London from September 7 to December 1, 1931. Indian National Congress (INC) Representative: Mahatma Gandhi attended the conference as the sole representative of the INC. Purpose: The conference was part of a series of three conferences organized by the British government to discuss constitutional reforms in India. Outcome: The conference did not result in any substantial agreement, but Gandhi's participation highlighted the demand for Indian self-rule and the broader nationalist movement. Other leaders like Subhash Chandra Bose, Sucheta Kripalani, and Jawaharlal Nehru did not attend the Second Round Table Conference. Other Round Table Conferences: First Round Table Conference (1930-1931) Duration: November 1930 to January 1931. Participants: British officials, representatives of Indian princely states, and various Indian political groups except the INC, which boycotted it. Outcome: Discussed future constitutional reforms but lacked significant representation from the INC, leading to limited progress. Third Round Table Conference (1932) Duration: November to December 1932. Participants: Limited Indian representation; most major Indian political leaders, including the INC, boycotted it. Outcome: Led to the proposal of the Government of India Act 1935, which provided for a degree of provincial autonomy and the establishment of a federal structure, but did not fully satisfy Indian aspirations for self-rule. S21. Ans.(b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Theosophical Society. Annie Besant: A prominent British social reformer and supporter of Indian self-rule. Theosophical Society: Through this organization, Annie Besant promoted the studies of ancient Indian religions, philosophies, and doctrines. 29 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com  Founded: The Theosophical Society was founded in 1875 in New York City by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Henry Steel Olcott, and others. Activities: The society focused on exploring spiritual and philosophical traditions from around the world, with a particular emphasis on Hinduism, Buddhism, and other Eastern religions. Headquarters: The society’s headquarters were eventually established in Adyar, Chennai, India, which became a center for the promotion of Indian spiritual and philosophical traditions. Other options: Arya Samaj: A Hindu reform movement founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati in 1875. Paramhans Mandali: A secret socio-religious group in Maharashtra, India, formed in 1849 to promote monotheism and social reforms. Prarthana Samaj: A movement for religious and social reform in Maharashtra, established in 1867 by Dr. Atmaram Pandurang and others. S22. Ans.(d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Bombay to Thane. The first railway line in India started from Bombay (now Mumbai) to Thane. The inaugural run was on April 16, 1853. The distance covered was approximately 34 kilometers (21 miles). Lord Dalhousie was the Governor-General of India at the time. This railway line was built by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway (GIPR). The introduction of the railway marked the beginning of the railway system in India, leading to significant economic and social changes. The train took about 57 minutes to complete its journey from Bombay to Thane. S23. Ans.(c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Kudirai Chettis. The local communities of merchants were known as Kudirai Chettis in the Vijayanagara Empire. The Vijayanagara Empire was established in 1336 by Harihara I and Bukka Raya I of the Sangama dynasty. The capital city of the empire was Vijayanagara, also known as Hampi, located in present-day Karnataka. The empire is renowned for its remarkable architectural achievements, including the famous Virupaksha Temple and the Vittala Temple with its iconic stone chariot. The empire's economy was based on agriculture, trade, and commerce, with a well-developed market system. The rulers promoted Hindu culture, arts, literature, and religion, leading to a cultural renaissance. The Battle of Talikota in 1565 led to the empire's decline, where the combined forces of the Deccan Sultanates defeated the Vijayanagara army. S24. Ans.(d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb was the sixth Mughal emperor of India, reigning from 1658 to 1707. Despite his orthodox Islamic views, his reign saw a significant number of Persian works on Indian classical music. These works contributed to the preservation and understanding of Indian music in the Persian language. Aurangzeb himself had a complex relationship with music, banning it officially but allowing private performances. Many musicians of his court continued to practice and write about music. The era witnessed the blending of Persian and Indian musical traditions. 30 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com S25. Ans.(a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) 1946. The Cabinet Mission was sent by the British government to India in 1946. It aimed to discuss the framework for the transfer of power to Indian leadership. The mission consisted of three members: Lord Pethick-Lawrence, Sir Stafford Cripps, and A.V. Alexander. The mission proposed a plan for the formation of a constituent assembly. It suggested the division of India into three groups of provinces. The mission aimed to maintain Indian unity while accommodating diverse interests. It recommended interim arrangements for governance until independence. The proposals were debated and accepted with modifications by Indian leaders. The mission’s failure to resolve key issues led to increased communal tensions. It paved the way for the eventual partition and independence of India in 1947. S26. Ans.(a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) Rudradaman I. Rudradaman I was the most famous Shaka ruler. He is well-known for renovating the Sudarshana Lake in Kathiawar. Rudradaman I was a great patron of culture and made significant contributions to infrastructure and water management. The Sudarshana Lake, originally built during the Maurya dynasty, was restored under his reign, reflecting his commitment to public welfare and development. His achievements are recorded in the Junagadh rock inscription, which is one of the earliest known inscriptions in classical Sanskrit. S27. Ans.(d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Bhimrao Ambedkar. The Poona Pact was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar on September 24, 1932. The agreement resolved the dispute over separate electorates for the depressed classes (Scheduled Castes) in Indian legislative assemblies. The pact provided for the reservation of seats for the depressed classes within the general electorate. This ensured the representation of the depressed classes without the need for separate electorates. The Poona Pact was a significant event in the Indian independence movement and the struggle for the rights of the underprivileged classes. S28. Ans.(d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Bombay. Mountstuart Elphinstone was the Governor of Bombay from 1819 to 1827. He is known for his significant contributions to the administration, education, and development of the province during his tenure. Elphinstone College in Mumbai was named in his honor, recognizing his contributions to the field of education. S29. Ans.(a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) Dadabhai Naoroji. Dadabhai Naoroji was the president of the second session of the Indian National Congress, which was held in 1886 in Calcutta (now Kolkata). He was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress and played a significant role in its early years. 31 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com Facts to Remember: The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in 1885 in Bombay (now Mumbai) and was presided over by Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee. George Yule was the first non-Indian to preside over a session of the Indian National Congress, which was the fourth session held in 1888. Pherozeshah Mehta presided over the Congress session in 1890. Dadabhai Naoroji Known as the "Grand Old Man of India," he was an important figure in the Indian independence movement and was also the first Indian to be elected to the British Parliament. S30. Ans.(a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) Chola. The Chola dynasty is known for its well-organized administration, including the establishment of local self-governments such as village assemblies. Sabha: This was an assembly of brahmadeya villages (villages donated to Brahmins). It consisted of members who were landholders and performed various administrative functions. Ur: This was the assembly of non-brahmadeya villages, typically involving local administrative activities and decision-making processes. Facts to Remember: The Chola dynasty ruled southern India from the 9th to the 13th centuries, with their empire at its peak under rulers like Rajaraja Chola I and his son Rajendra Chola I. The primary capitals were Thanjavur and Gangaikonda Cholapuram. The Cholas are known for their naval dominance and extensive conquests, including parts of Southeast Asia like Sri Lanka, Maldives, and the Malay Peninsula. The Cholas built remarkable temples, including the Brihadeshwara Temple at Thanjavur, which is a UNESCO World Heritage site. The empire was divided into provinces (mandalams), districts (nadus), and villages. They had an efficient administrative system with decentralized governance. The Cholas were Shaivites but also supported other religions like Buddhism and Jainism. S31. Ans.(b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Seleucus Nicator. He was one of Alexander the Great's generals and later established the Seleucid Empire. Chandragupta Maurya defeated Seleucus Nicator around 305 BCE. Treaty: Following the defeat, a treaty was signed, and Seleucus Nicator ceded territories in present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of India to Chandragupta. In return, Seleucus received 500 war elephants. This victory also led to a marital alliance between the Mauryan and Seleucid empires, further strengthening their relationship. Facts to Remember: Chandragupta Maurya established the Mauryan Empire in 322 BCE, which became one of the largest empires in Indian history. Kautilya (Chanakya), his mentor and advisor, authored the ancient Indian political treatise, Arthashastra, which outlines strategies for governance and administration. The capital of the Mauryan Empire was Pataliputra (modern-day Patna). Chandragupta first gained control over the Magadha region, which was then ruled by the Nanda dynasty. 32 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com S32. Ans.(b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Mahatma Gandhi. ‘Hind Swaraj’ or ‘Indian Home Rule’ is written by Mahatma Gandhi. It was published in 1909 and outlines Gandhi's vision for self-rule and independence from British rule. Facts to remember: The book emphasizes nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience as means to achieve independence. Gandhi wrote ‘Hind Swaraj’ while on a ship returning from London to South Africa. S33. Ans.(b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Minister and Officials. In the Saptang Theory of Kautilya, "Amatya" denotes ministers and officials. Kautilya's Saptang Theory describes the seven limbs of a state, including the king, minister, country, fortified city, treasury, army, and friend. Facts to remember: Kautilya, also known as Chanakya, was an ancient Indian teacher, philosopher, and royal advisor. The Saptang Theory is outlined in his work, Arthashastra, which is a treatise on statecraft and military strategy. S34. Ans.(d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Deva Raya II. Abdur Razzaq, an envoy from Persia, came to Vijayanagar during the reign of Deva Raya II. He provided detailed accounts of his observations in the Vijayanagar Empire. Facts to remember: Deva Raya II ruled the Vijayanagar Empire from 1422 to 1446. Abdur Razzaq's writings offer valuable insights into the culture, administration, and architecture of the Vijayanagar Empire. S35. Ans.(a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) January 1915. Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in January 1915. He had spent over two decades in South Africa fighting against racial discrimination. Facts to remember: Gandhi's return to India marked the beginning of his active involvement in the Indian independence movement. He played a crucial role in mobilizing mass movements and advocating for nonviolent resistance against British rule. S36. Ans.(d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Canada. The Komagata Maru incident occurred in 1914 when a Japanese steamship carrying 376 passengers, primarily Sikh Indians from British India, was denied entry into Canada. The Canadian authorities denied them entry due to discriminatory immigration policies targeting South Asians. The ship was forced to return to India, and a tragic clash with authorities upon arrival resulted in casualties. The passengers were put under guard and the ship was allowed to dock in Budge Budge, Calcutta. The police fired shots and 19 passengers were killed. Baba Gurdit Singh, who was one of the persons the British wanted to arrest, escaped with some other persons. 33 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com S37. Ans.(b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Mahatma Gandhi. The founder of the Harijan Sevak Sangh, established in 1932, was Mahatma Gandhi. Its parent organization was the All India Anti Untouchability League founded by Mahatma Gandhi earlier on 30 September 1932. Later it was renamed as Harijan Sevak Sangh Mahatma Gandhi undertook a fast unto death in 1932 to protest against the separate electorate for Dalits proposed at the Round Table Conference in London. This fast led to the Poona Pact, an agreement with Dr. B.R. Ambedkar that resulted in reserved seats for Dalits within the general electorate. S38. Ans.(a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) Ghadar Party Sohan Singh Bhakna and Har Dayal were both prominent figures in the Ghadar Party, a revolutionary organization founded in 1913 aimed at overthrowing British rule in India through an armed uprising. The party was dissolved in 1948 after India gained independence. Its founders were Hardayal, Sohan Singh Bhakna, Santokh Singh, Baba Jwala Singh, Vashakha Singh Dandekar. The party launched its first newspaper 'Gadar' (Weekly) in November 1913. The title of the newspaper is 'Angrezi Raj Ka Dushman' (Enemy of British Raj). S39. Ans.(d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Harshavardhana. Harshavardhana: Hiuen Tsang, also known as Xuanzang, was a famous Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller, and translator who visited India during the reign of Harshavardhana. Harshavardhana ruled Northern India from 606 to 647 CE. Hiuen Tsang came to India in 629 CE and stayed until 645 CE. His primary purpose was to study Buddhist scriptures and visit sacred Buddhist sites. Hiuen Tsang travelled extensively across India, visiting places such as Nalanda, the great center of learning, and met Harshavardhana, who was a patron of Buddhism. His detailed accounts of his travels provide valuable insights into the socio-economic, cultural, and religious life of India during Harshavardhana's reign. Information Booster: Chandragupta II: Chandragupta II, also known as Vikramaditya, was a ruler of the Gupta Empire from approximately 375 to 415 CE. He was known for his patronage of arts and culture, Samudragupta: Samudragupta was another prominent ruler of the Gupta Empire, reigning from about 335 to 375 CE. His reign is known for military conquests and cultural achievements Ashoka: Ashoka was a Mauryan emperor who ruled from approximately 268 to 232 BCE. He is famous for his conversion to Buddhism and efforts to spread the religion, but Hiuen Tsang visited India much later, during Harshavardhana's reign. 34 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com S40. Ans.(d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Ahmednagar Malik Ambar was indeed an able administrator of the Ahmednagar Sultanate in the Deccan region of India. He served as the Peshwa (Prime Minister) from 1600 to 1626 and played a crucial role in resisting Mughal expansion in the region. The Bahmani Kingdom got divided into Five Deccan sultanates of different dynasties Imadshahi Dynasty – Berar (Maharashtra) Adilshahi Dynasty - Bijapur (Karnataka) Nizamshahi Dynasty - Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) Qutub shahi Dynast - Golconda (Hyderabad) Baridshahi Dynasty – Bidar (Karanataka) S41. Ans.(d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) 1878 The Vernacular Press Act was enacted in British India in 1878. It was introduced by Lord Lytton, the then Viceroy of India, to restrict the freedom of the Indian-language (vernacular) press and prevent criticism of British policies. It was passed particularly the opposition that had grown since the start of the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–80). It also got to be known as the Gagging Act and only intended for vernacular/native language newspapers, not English-language publications. The most criticized aspect of the act was that there was no provision for appeal and discrimination between European and vernacular newspapers. S42. Ans.(a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) Ziauddin Barani Ziauddin Barani: Ziauddin Barani was a Muslim historian and political thinker during the Delhi Sultanate period in India. He is the author of "Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi," a historical chronicle covering the reigns of Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban to Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq. The work provides detailed accounts of the political events, administrative measures, and notable occurrences during this period. Barani's chronicles are considered significant historical sources for understanding the Delhi Sultanate's history and administration. Information Booster: Amir Khusrow: A notable Sufi musician, poet, and scholar, often referred to as the "Parrot of India." He wrote extensively in Persian and Hindavi. Al-Biruni: A renowned scholar and polymath from the Khwarazm region, known for his works in various fields including history, astronomy, mathematics, and anthropology. He wrote "Kitab al-Hind" (The Book of India). Ibn Battuta: A famous Moroccan traveler and explorer known for his extensive travels across the Islamic world and beyond. He wrote the "Rihla" (The Journey), documenting his travels. 35 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com S43. Ans.(b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Narayana Guru. Narayana Guru advocated the ideology of “oru jati, oru matam, oru daivam manushyanu” (one caste, one religion, one god for humankind). He was a social reformer and spiritual leader from Kerala. His teachings emphasized social equality and the elimination of caste discrimination. S44. Ans.(c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Kerala. Moplahs, or Muslim peasants, created a powerful anti-zamindar movement in Kerala. This movement was also known as the Moplah Rebellion or Malabar Rebellion of 1921. It was a significant uprising against the British colonial rule and the zamindari system. S45. Ans.(a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) Berar. The Imadshahi family was known for the foundation of the Berar Sultanate. The Berar Sultanate, also known as the Imad Shahi Sultanate, was one of the Deccan Sultanates established in 1490 by Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk, who declared independence from the Bahmani Sultanate. The dynasty ruled Berar until it was annexed by the Ahmadnagar Sultanate in 1574. S46. Ans.(d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Megasthenes. Megasthenes was sent as an ambassador by Seleucus I Nicator, one of Alexander the Great's generals, to the court of Chandragupta Maurya around 302 BCE. Megasthenes was the author of ‘Indica’, an account of India under the reign of the Maurya dynasty. He was an ancient Greek historian and diplomat. His work provides valuable insights into the society, economy, and governance of ancient India. S47. Ans.(c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Jittal Muhammad bin Tughlaq introduced a copper coin called Jittal in place of the silver coin. Muhammad bin Tughluq (1290 – 20 March 1351) was the Sultan of Delhi from 1325 to 1351. He was the eldest son of Ghiyas-Ud-Din-Tughlaq, the founder of the Tughluq dynasty. He transferred the capital from Delhi to Deogir, renaming it Daulatabad Muhammad Bin Tughlaq issued token money in 1330, after his unsuccessful expedition to Deogiri; that is, coins of brass and copper were minted whose worth was equivalent to that of coins of gold and silver. He instituted the "Diwan-i-Kohi," a new agricultural department and also Implemented agricultural loans known as "Takavi" to support farmers. S48. Ans.(d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Vallabhbhai Patel The Bardoli Satyagraha, a farmer's protest against unfair tax hikes in Gujarat in 1928, was led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. While several leaders supported the movement, Vallabhbhai Patel played a pivotal role in organizing and leading the Satyagraha. He was given the title "Sardar" (leader) by the people of Bardoli. 36 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com  National Unity Day is celebrated every year on 31st October to commemorate the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. In 2014, the Government of India decided to celebrate the birthday of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel as the "National Unity Day" to honour Sardar Patel's contribution to integrated India. S49. Ans.(b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Ashoka Emperor Ashoka of the Maurya dynasty is indeed the Mauryan king who gave up war after the battle of Kalinga. This pivotal battle, fought around 261 BCE, resulted in immense bloodshed and devastation, leading Ashoka to renounce violence and embrace Buddhism. He became a dedicated advocate for peace and non-violence, famously adopting the motto "Dharmavijaya" (victory through righteousness) instead of military conquest. Ashoka (273 BC-232 BC): He was the greatest Mauryan ruler, Governor of Taxila and Ujjain. His rule extended to the whole of the sub-continent except the extreme south. Ashoka had himself formally crowned in 269 BC. S50. Ans.(d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Sayyid Ahmad Khan Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan (1817-1898) was the founder of the Aligarh Movement, which played a significant role in the social and educational revival of Muslims in India during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He established the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College (later Aligarh Muslim University) in 1875, promoting western education and modern scientific thought alongside Islamic teachings. In 1864, he founded the Translation Society which was later renamed ‘The Scientific Society’. The society was located at Aligarh. "Sare Jahan se Accha" known as "Tarānah-e-Hindi" is an Urdu language patriotic song written by poet Muhammad Iqbal. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was the founder of the Ahmadiyya Muslim community, a distinct sect within Islam. S51. Ans.(c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Baji Rao II Nana Sahib was the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II, the last Peshwa of the Maratha Empire. He played a significant role in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and is particularly associated with the Kanpur Massacre. Baji Rao II was deposed by the British East India Company and exiled to Bithoor, where Nana Sahib was raised. Baji Rao I was born as Visaji, also known as Bajirao Ballal, was the 7th Peshwa of the Maratha empire. In his 20-year military career, he never lost a battle and is widely considered the best Indian cavalry general S52. Ans.(b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Ceylon Ashoka sent his son, Mahendra, and daughter, Sanghamitra, to Ceylon (present-day Sri Lanka) around 246 BCE to spread the principles of Dhamma, his ethical and moral teachings based on Buddhist principles. Their mission in 250 BCE is credited with establishing the first Buddhist community in Ceylon and significantly influencing the island's cultural and religious landscape. Emperor Ashoka was also known as Devanampriya Ashoka Maurya. Tripiṭaka is the traditional term for the Buddhist scriptures. Chaitya is a place of worship, while Vihara is the dwelling place of the monks. 37 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com S53. Ans.(b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Malik Kafur It was Malik Kafur who led the army in the decisive battle against Ramachandra of Devagiri in 1308. Malik Kafur was a famous slave of Allauddin Khilji. He was also known as 'Hazar Dinari' because he was purchased by the Sultan for 1000 Dinars from Nusrat khan. He was also known as the 'Evil Genius of the Sultan'. Zafar Khan was a military general who had lead the army of Alauddin Khilaji in many campaigns. He helped the sultan to capture Multan, Sivistan and Jaran Manjur. He died in the battle of Kili against Mongols in 1299 AD. S54. Ans.(b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) James Augustus Hickey. James Augustus Hickey published the first newspaper in India, Hicky's Bengal Gazette, on January 29, 1780. The paper was published in English and became a crucial voice for criticism against the British East India Company's administration. It was printed in English and initially published weekly Deen Bandhu Mitra founded the first Bengali-language newspaper, Samachar Darpan, in 1818. Hem Chandrakar established the Hindi-language newspaper, Sudarshan Charaka, in 1854. Harishchandra Mukherjee launched the English-language newspaper, Amrita Bazar Patrika, in 1868 S55. Ans.(c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Hector Munro. The English army at the Battle of Buxar was led by Hector Munro. The battle took place on October 22, 1764, between the forces of the British East India Company and a combined army of Indian states, including Bengal, Awadh, and the Mughal Empire. Battle of Plassey: On 23 June 1757, the Battle of Plassey was taken place, it was fought between the forces of Siraj Ud Daulah, and his French troops and the British East India Company, led by Robert Clive. This battle laid the foundation of the British empire in India. S56. Ans.(c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Arya Samaj. The Arya Samaj, founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in 1875, strongly believed in the Vedas as the infallible source of all knowledge. They advocated for "Go Back to the Vedas" and emphasized Vedic rituals and practices. Prarthana Samaj: Founded by Atmaram Pandurang in 1867, the Prarthana Samaj focused on social reform and emphasized monotheism and rationalism. Brahmo Samaj: Founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828, the Brahmo Samaj rejected idolatry and emphasized monotheism and ethical principles. 38 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com S57. Ans.(d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Iqtadari. The Iqtadari System was a land revenue and administrative system used by the Delhi Sultanate, and it later influenced both the Bahmani and Vijayanagar kingdoms in several ways. The iqtas were granted to iqta'dars (also called muqtis), who were responsible for collecting taxes, maintaining law and order, and managing their iqtas. The Bahmanis adopted the Iqtadari system with modifications, using it to administer their vast territory. The Vijayanagar kings also adapted the Iqtadari system, though to a lesser extent. S58. Ans.(b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Tax Assessment. Samaharta was in-charge of land revenue department in the Mauryan administrative system. Samaharta translates to "collector" or "revenue officer" in ancient Indian languages. He was assisted by a Council of Ministers. It was called ‘Mantriparishad’. The ministers were called ‘Mantris.’ The Mauryan Empire had a centralized administration with a well-defined revenue system. The Samaharta played a crucial role in this system, overseeing the assessment and collection of taxes from various sources, including land, agriculture, and trade. S59. Ans.(a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy. Raja Ram Mohan Roy is widely recognized as the Father of Modern India and a pioneer of social reform. He actively advocated for modern education, viewing it as a crucial tool for intellectual advancement, social progress, and the spread of Western scientific and rational thought. He founded the Hindu College in 1817, one of the first institutions to offer Western-style education in India. Raja Ram Mohan Roy was one of the founders of the Brahmo Sabha in 1828. He was given the title of Raja by Akbar II, the Mughal emperor. S60. Ans.(a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) Hsuan Tsang. Hsuan Tsang, also known as Xuanzang, was a Chinese Buddhist monk who traveled to India from 602 to 664 AD. He spent several years in the court of Harshavardhana, learning about Indian culture and Buddhism. His detailed accounts of his journey, recorded in the book "The Great Tang Record: An Account of Buddhist Travels in India," He wrote down a book on account of his travels, titled "Si-Yu-Ki: The Record of the Western World" Fa Hien visited India in the early fifth century during the reign of Chandragupta II and entered here from the northwest and reached Pataliputra. Ibn Battuta: Ibn Battuta was a Moroccan scholar and traveler who visited India during the reign of Muhammad Tughlaq (1325-1351 CE) 39 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com S61. Ans.(d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Karnataka. The Maski inscription is an important historical monument located in the Raichur district of Karnataka. It lies on the bank of the Maski river which is a tributary of the Tungabhadra. It is a minor rock edict of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka, dating back to the 3rd century BCE. The inscription is written in Prakrit language and is significant for its references to social and moral values promoted by Ashoka's reign. It was the first edict wherein the Emperor was referred to by his name i.e Ashoka apart from his epithets such as Devanam Piya and Piyadasi. S62. Ans.(b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Jean-Baptiste Tavernier Jean-Baptiste Tavernier (1605-1689) was a renowned French gem merchant and traveler who visited India at least six times during the Mughal period, mainly between 1630 and 1668. He travelled extensively throughout the Mughal Empire, visiting cities like Agra, Delhi, Golconda, and Surat. He recorded his experiences in his book "Les Six Voyages de Jean-Baptiste Tavernier du Baron en Perse et aux Indes" (The Six Voyages of Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Baron of Aubonne, to Persia and the Indies), which remains a valuable source of information about the Mughal era. Antonio Monserrate was a Portuguese missionary who visited India in the 16th century. Peter Mundy was an English traveler who visited India in the early 17th century. S63. Ans.(d) Sol. The correct answer is: (d) mother Krishnadeva Raya, the third ruler of the Tuluva dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire, founded the suburban township of Nagalapuram, also known as Sri Nagalapuram, in memory of his mother, Nagamamba Devi. He built some fine stone temples such as famous the Vittalaswamy and Hazara Ramaswamy temples at Vijayanagar. Krishnadeva Raya's father was Tuluva Narasa Nayaka, who ruled before him. Krishnadeva Raya, also known as Krishna Deva Raya, was a legendary emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire who reigned from 1509 to 1529. He is credited with composing the Telugu epic poem, Amuktamalyada. S64. Ans.(b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) The Brahmo Samaj. The Brahmo Samaj, founded in 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, played a crucial role in the abolition of Sati Pratha. The Brahmo Samaj played a key role in lobbying the British East India Company to enact legislation banning Sati in 1829. He published essays like "Tuhfat-ul-Mujahidin" and staged plays condemning Sati, influencing public opinion. The Harijan Sevak Sangh: Established by Mahatma Gandhi in 1932, this organization primarily focused on improving the social and economic conditions of Dalits (formerly known as "Harijans"). The Satya Shodhak Samaj: Founded by Mahatma Jotiba Phule in 1873, this organization championed the rights of lower castes and women. 40 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com S65. Ans.(a) Sol. The correct answer is: (a) Dadabhai Naoroji Dadabhai Naoroji, a renowned Indian political leader and economist, is widely credited with being the first person to discuss the concept of a poverty line in pre-independent India. He published his seminal work, "Poverty and Un-British Rule in India," in 1901, where he estimated the minimum income required for a person to subsist based on prevailing prices and dietary needs. He estimated ₹16 to ₹35 per capita per year. Dada Bhai Naraoji is also known as the Grand Old Man of India. He was the 2nd & 9th President of the Indian National Congress. S66. Ans.(c) Sol. The correct answer is: (c) Lord Ripon. Sir Courtenay Peregrine Ilbert served as the Law Member of the Viceroy's Council in India from 1882 to 1886. During this period, the Viceroy of India was Lord Ripon. Sir Courtenay Peregrine Ilbert drafted the Ilbert bilI which proposed that cases involving British staff in India be presided over by senior Indian magistrates. The bill was fiercely opposed by the owners of British tea and indigo plantations in Bengal. Lord Lytton: Lord Lytton served as the Governor-General from 1876 to 1880. Lord Cornwallis: Lord Cornwallis was Governor-General from 1786 to 1793. Lord Curzon: Lord Curzon served as Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905. S67. Ans.(c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Gomat In the early Vedic period, a wealthy person was known as Gomat, which literally translates to "owner of cows." Cattle were considered a valuable form of wealth and a measure of prosperity during this time. The cow was called 'Godhana' or the wealth of cow during Rigvedic time. Gauda and Gopa were in charge of daily pasture-feeding of cows, buffaloes, sheep, etc. The Vedic period, spanning roughly from 1500 BCE to 600 BCE, marks a significant era in Indian history. The four Vedas – Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda – are the primary sources of information about this era. S68. Ans.(a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) Buddhism. The Shailendra kings who founded their empire in Southeast Asia in the 8th century AD were followers of Buddhism. This is evidenced by the numerous Buddhist monuments and structures they built, such as the Borobudur Temple in Indonesia. Many of the Shailendra kings adopted Buddhist names. Buddhism is a religion and philosophy that originated in India in the 6th to 4th centuries BCE. It is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, who is known as the Buddha, meaning "Awakened One". Shaivism: Shaivism is a Hindu sect that worships Shiva as the supreme deity. 41 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com S69. Ans.(c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Lord Louis Mountbatten. Lord Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India, announced the partition of the British Indian Empire into two independent dominions, India and Pakistan, on June 3, 1947. The June 3, 1947 plan was also known as the Mountbatten Plan. This decision ultimately led to the creation of the modern nations of India and Pakistan on August 15, 1947. Lord Ripon: Viceroy of India from 1880 to 1884. He was known for his liberal policies and support for Indian self-government. Lord Curzon: Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905. He is known for his strong and controversial policies, including the partition of Bengal in 1905. Lord Dalhousie: Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856 S70. Ans.(a) Sol. The correct answer is (a) 1858 The Secretary of State for India was made responsible for the Government of British India in 1858 after the Government of India Act of 1858 was passed. This act transferred the governance of British India from the East India Company to the British Crown, making the Secretary of State directly responsible for the government of India. The Councils Act 1861 was passed by the British Parliament to make changes in the composition of the Governor General’s council for executive & legislative purposes. The Morley Minto Reforms were also known as the Indian Council Act of 1909, enacted to bring a limited increase in the involvement of Indians in the governance of British India. S71. Ans.(c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan The Khudai Khidmatgars, popularly known as the Red Shirts, were organized in North-West India under the leadership of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, fondly known as "Frontier Gandhi," founded the Khudai Khidmatgars in 1929. This non-violent movement aimed to promote social justice, fight against British colonialism, and improve the lives of the Pashtun people in North-West India. Due to his identical ideologies and close friendship with Mahatma Gandhi, Khan was nicknamed Sarhadi Gandhi by his close associate Amir Chand Bombwal. The members of the movement wore red shirts, hence their popular name. The Ali Brothers (Maulana Mohammed Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali), Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan, and Hasrat Mohani were the leaders of the Khilafat Movement. S72. Ans.(d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Arya Samaj The Arya Samaj was established in Bombay in 1875. It was founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati and aimed to revive and reform Hinduism by advocating for a return to the Vedas and opposing social evils like casteism and idol worship. Satyashodhak Samaj: This social reform movement was founded by Jyotirao Phule in 1873 in Pune. Brahma Samaj: This monotheistic reform movement was founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828 in Calcutta. Aligarh movement: This movement, led by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, aimed to promote education and modernization among Indian Muslims. It started in the 1860s 42 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com S73. Ans.(d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Medini Rai Medini Rai was the ruler of Malwa who was defeated by Babur in the Battle of Chanderi in 1528. Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur, also known simply as Babur, was a Timurid prince and the founder of the Mughal Empire in India. First invasion of India by Babur in 1519 he captured Kabul. Then later he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the Sultan of Delhi, in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526 Battle of Khanwa (1527): Babur defeated Rana Sanga of Mewar, solidifying Mughal control in North India. Shershah Suri: He defeated Humayun, Babur's son, at the Battle of Chausa in 1539. The second battle of Panipat - 5 November 1556 The third battle of Panipat - 14 January 1761 S74. Ans.(d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Vitasta. The Vedic Aryans referred to the river Jhelum as Vitasta in ancient times. The Sapta-Sindhu region, meaning "land of the seven rivers," includes the rivers: Sindhu (Indus), Vitasta (Jhelum), Asikni (Chenab), Parushni (Ravi), Vipasa (Beas), and Sarasvati, among others. These rivers were central to the early Vedic civilization and are frequently mentioned in Vedic texts. Therefore, the correct answer is (d) Vitasta. Askini (Modern name - Chenab): A major river in the Punjab region, originating in the Himalayas and flowing into Pakistan. Parushni (Modern name - Ravi): Another significant river in the Punjab region, also flowing through India and Pakistan. Vipash (Modern name - Beas): An important river flowing through Himachal Pradesh and Punjab, merging with the Sutlej River. S75. Ans.(d) Sol. The correct answer is (d) Sabha. In the Chola administration, Sabha was the assembly in villages that were predominantly inhabited by Brahmanas (Brahmins). The Sabha was an exclusive assembly of Brahmin landowners and was responsible for local administration, including the management of land, taxes, and justice within the village. It played a crucial role in the decentralized governance system of the Chola Empire, ensuring efficient administration at the grassroots level. Therefore, the correct answer is (d) Sabha. S76. Ans.(b) Sol. The correct answer is (b) Ricardian theory of rent. The Ryotwari system of revenue collection in India, introduced by the British, was based on the Ricardian theory of rent. This system, implemented primarily in the Madras and Bombay Presidencies, involved direct settlement between the government and the individual cultivator (ryot). According to the Ricardian theory of rent, rent is a function of the fertility and location of the land. The Ryotwari system reflected this by assessing land revenue based on the productive capacity of each plot of land. Therefore, the correct answer is (b) Ricardian theory of rent. 43 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com S77. Ans.(d) Sol. Robert Clive led the English East India Company in the Battle of Plassey in 1757 Troops of the East India Company, led by Robert Clive, came up against the forces of Siraj-ud-Daulah, the last Nawab of Bengal, and his French allies. It marked the Company's first major victory in India and ultimately laid the foundations for British colonial rule in India. S78. Ans.(d) Sol. Harihara and Bukka established Vijaynagar on the bank of Tungabhadra River Harihara and Bukka who were soldiers in Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq's army founded the Vijayanagar on the banks of the Tungabhadra River in 1336. Capital of Vijaynagar Kingdom is Hampi Vijaynagar also known as the Kingdom of Bisnegar by the Portuguese. S79. Ans.(a) Sol. Alauddin Khalji was the successor, son-in-law and killer of Jalaluddin Khalji. Jalaluddin Khalji was the founder of the Khalji dynasty. He was succeeded by his nephew and son-in-law Alauddin Khalji, who overthrew and assassinated him in 1296. Muhammad Tughlaq was the successor of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, his father, and the 2nd ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty. Firoz Shah Tughlaq was the successor of Muhammad Tughlaq and the third ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty. S80. Ans.(d) Sol. The Vetti tax, which is mentioned in the inscriptions of the Chola dynasty, was taken in the form of forced labor. The Vetti system was a form of corvée labor (unpaid labor), in which certain individuals were required to provide labor services for the state without any remuneration in return. This labor was used for a variety of purposes, including agricultural and construction work, as well as military service. The Vetti tax was one of the major sources of revenue for the Chola dynasty. S81. Ans.(d) Sol. The Chinese Buddhist pilgrim, Xuan Zang (also known as Hsuan Tsang or Hiuen Tsang), came to the Indian subcontinent about 1400 years ago. He arrived in India in 630 CE during the reign of the great Indian emperor, Harsha Vardhana. Xuan Zang traveled extensively throughout India, visiting many Buddhist pilgrimage sites and studying under several prominent Buddhist masters. S82. Ans.(d) Sol. Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni was a contemporary of the Chola king, Rajendra I. Rajendra Chola I, often referred to as Rajendra the Great, and also known as Gangaikonda Cholan, and Kadaram Kondan was a Chola Emperor who reigned between 1014 and 1044 CE. Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni was a powerful ruler of the Ghaznavid dynasty in present-day Afghanistan and Pakistan. He launched several raids into India, including 17 raids into the Indian subcontinent between 1000 and 1027 CE, during the reigns of Rajaraja Chola I and his son Rajendra Chola I. 44 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com S83. Ans.(b) Sol. According to the Brihat Samhita, the process of making scents, mouth perfumes and bath powders is called "Gandhayukti". S84. Ans.(b) Sol. The British Parliament transferred the powers of the East India Company to the British crown in 1858.This event is known as the India Act of 1858 or the Government of India Act 1858. The act was passed by the British Parliament following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Indian Mutiny, which had exposed the weaknesses of the East India Company's rule in India. The act abolished the East India Company's role in governing India and transferred its powers and responsibilities to the British Crown, marking the beginning of the British Raj, which lasted until India gained independence in 1947. The act also established the Secretary of State for India, who was a member of the British Cabinet and had ultimate authority over British India. S85. Ans.(b) Sol. Muhammad Tughlaq, the Sultan of Delhi from 1324 to 1351, appointed Ladha and Pira, two gardeners, to high administrative posts. This decision was part of Tughlaq's broader policy of promoting people based on their abilities rather than their birth or social status. The Sultan is known for his administrative and economic reforms, as well as his eccentric and unpredictable behaviour. S86. Ans.(c) Sol. The Indian National Congress split into two groups, Moderates and Extremists, in the year 1907. This division took place during the Surat session of the Indian National Congress, which is often referred to as the "Surat Split." The Moderates were led by leaders like Gopal Krishna Gokhale, while the Extremists were led by leaders such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal. S87. Ans.(d) Sol. Genghis Khan, the Mongol ruler, died in 1227 AD. He was the founder of the first Mongol Empire, which later became the largest contiguous land empire in history. S88. Ans.(b) Sol. Merchants and migrants first brought the teachings of the Holy Quran to India in the 7th century. Some facts: Islam is India's second-largest religion, with 14.2% of the country's population, and approximately 172.2 million people. (According to the 2011 Census). India is also the country with the third-largest number of Muslims in the world. Islam arrived in the Indian subcontinent in the 7th century when the Arabs conquered Sindh and later arrived in Punjab and North India in the 12th century via the Ghaznavids and Ghurids conquest. S89. Ans.(d) Sol. Ostriches were found in India during the Palaeolithic period. Large quantities of ostrich eggshells were found at Patne in Maharashtra, which provides evidence of their existence during that period. Though it is native to Africa, several geologists and archaeologists have found ostrich eggshell pieces in India, mostly in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. 45 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com S90. Ans.(c) Sol. The company that set up a factory on the banks of the river Hugli in 1651 was the British East India Company. This was the first English factory that was set up on the banks of the river Hugli in 1651. This was the base from which the Company’s traders, known at that time as “factors”, operated. S91. Ans.(d) Sol. Ashwini Kumar Dutta was an Indian revolutionary who founded the Swadesh Bandhab Samiti. The Swadesh Bandhab Samiti was a revolutionary organization that promoted the use of Swadeshi goods and the boycott of foreign goods. S92. Ans.(b) Sol. Based on Macaulay’s Minute, the English Education Act was introduced in 1835. The Act was based on the recommendations of Thomas Babington Macaulay, who argued that English education was the best way to modernize India and prepare it for self-rule. The passing of Charter Act of 1833, was led by appointment of Lord Macaulay as India’s First Law member of the Governor General in Council. Lord William Bentinck, then Governor-General of the British East India Company, decided in 1835 to reallocate funds needed by the British Parliament to spend on education and literature in India, and the Act of the Council of India gave effect to his decision. S93. Ans.(d) Sol. Rabindranath Tagore hated going to school as a child and found it suffocating and oppressive. Rabindranath Tagore was the youngest son of Debendranath Tagore. One of the most significant achievements of Rabindranath Tagore dates back to 1913 when he became the first non-European to win a Nobel Prize in the field of Literature for his collection Gitanjali. In 1915, owing to his respectful position in the eyes of the British government, he was conferred a 'knighthood' on him. However, four years later, in 1919, Britishers caused the 'Jallianwala Bagh Massacre', and to protest against such revolt, he renounced his knighthood title. S94. Ans.(b) Sol. The last powerful Mughal ruler of India was Aurangzeb Alamgir. Aurangzeb ruled the Mughal Empire from 1658 until his death in 1707. He was the sixth Mughal emperor and is often considered to be the last powerful emperor of the Mughal dynasty. Aurangzeb expanded the empire to its greatest extent and was known for his military conquests and administrative skills. However, his policies of religious intolerance and imposition of Sharia law led to conflicts with other religious groups and weakened the Mughal Empire. S95. Ans.(c) Sol. Daojali Hading is an archaeological site located in the northeastern Indian state of Assam. It is one of the few sites outside the Indus Valley where artifacts of the Harappan civilization have been found. The discovery of jadeite stone at Daojali Hading suggests that there was trade and exchange between the Harappan civilization in the Indus Valley and the northeastern regions of India. Jadeite is not found naturally in the Indus Valley region, and its presence at Daojali Hading indicates that it was imported from other regions. This discovery provides important insights into the trade networks and connections between different regions of the Harappan civilization. 46 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com S96. Ans.(c) Sol. Dadabhai Naoroji offered a scathing criticism of the economic impact of British rule in India through his book 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India'. Dadabhai Naoroji, the “Grand Old Man of India”, was the the first Indian member of the British parliament. In 1865 and 1866, Naoroji helped found the London Indian Society and the East India Association respectively. He was Congress president thrice, in 1886, 1893, and 1906. Dadabhai Naoroji was among the key proponents of the ‘Drain Theory’, disseminating it in his 1901 book ‘Poverty and Un-British Rule in India’. S97. Ans.(a) Sol. Mirza Kamran was the younger brother of the Mughal Emperor Humayun. Mirza Kamran was the son of the second Mughal emperor Babur, and he served as a general in his brother's army during the early years of his reign. Mirza Kamran played a significant role in the Mughal Empire's history, and he is particularly known for his efforts to secure his brother's throne after Humayun was forced into exile by Sher Shah Suri. S98. Ans.(b) Sol. With respect to Prashastis and land grants both statements I and II are correct. Prashastis were composed by learned Brahmanas, and kings often rewarded Brahmanas by grants of land which were recorded on copper plates. Prashastis were a type of inscription that contained glowing praises of the actions of the kings or rulers. They were usually composed by the learned Brahmanas of the time. The Brahmanas were gifted land grants as tokens of appreciation. The land grants were recorded on copper plates, which were given to the people who received land. The copper plates were a way of documenting the land grants and ensuring that they were not forgotten or lost. The prashastis and land grants are important sources of information about the history of India. S99. Ans.(c) Sol. The Battle of Buxar was a significant conflict that took place on October 22, 1764. It was fought between the forces of the British East India Company and an alliance of the Nawab of Bengal, the Nawab of Awadh, and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. S100. Ans.(a) Sol. The Chola dynasty is renowned for its bronze statues created using the "lost wax" technique. First, an image was made of wax. This was covered with clay and allowed to dry. Next, it was heated, and a tiny hole was made in the clay cover. The molten wax was drained out through this hole. Then molten metal was poured into the clay mould through the hole. Once the metal cooled and solidified, the clay cover was carefully removed, and the image was cleaned and polished. S101. Ans.(b) Sol. Samudragupta’s mother, Kumaradevi, belonged to the Lichchhavi gana. During the Mahajanapada period, it was a republic. The ancestry of Samudragupta has been described in the Allahabad inscription, which is a prashasti written by Samudragupta's court poet, Harishena. It also includes his great-grandfather's and father's names and the titles they had taken. Samudragupta was a son of the Gupta king Chandragupta I and queen Kumaradevi, who came from a Licchavi family. 47 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com S102. Ans.(d) Sol. The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay in 1885, attended by almost 72 delegates from all over the country. The INC was founded in 1885 by AO Hume with an aim to obtain a greater share in government for educated Indians and create a platform for civic and political dialogue with the British Raj. The second session of the Congress took place under the leadership of Dadabhai Naoroji in Calcutta. Third Session: held at Madras in 1887. President: Syed Badruddin Tyabji, first muslim President. Fourth Session: held at Allahabad in 1888. President: George Yule, first English President. 1896: Calcutta. President: Rahimtullah Sayani National Song ‘Vande Mataram’ sung for the first time by Rabindranath Tagore. 1905: Banaras. President: Gopal Krishan Gokhale 1924: Belgaum. President: M.K. Gandhi Only Session presided over by Mahatma Gandhi S103. Ans.(b) Sol. Hindustan Republican Association revolutionary groups’ members assassinated Assistant Superintendent of Police John Saunders in 1927. The Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), another well-known organization, was founded in 1924 by revolutionaries Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, and Sukhdev Thapar. The Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) was established in Kanpur Later it was reconstructed and named as Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in 1928. S104. Ans.(c) Sol. Indira Gandhi released a special stamp entitled ‘Wheat Revolution’ in July 1968. The Green Revolution was a period of agricultural development in India. It involved the introduction of new agricultural technologies, such as high-yield varieties of wheat and rice, along with improved irrigation and fertilizer use. The Green Revolution led to a significant increase in agricultural production in India, which helped to improve food security and reduce poverty. The Green Revolution was an endeavour initiated by Norman Borlaug in the 1960s. He is known as the 'Father of Green Revolution' in the world. In India, the Green Revolution was mainly led by M.S. Swaminathan. The Green Revolution resulted in a great increase in the production of food grains (especially wheat and rice) S105. Ans.(c) Sol. The National Archives of India came up in the 1920s. · The National Archives of India is the custodian of the records of the enduring value to the Government of India. Established on 11 March 1891 at Calcutta (Kolkata) as the Imperial Record Department, it is the biggest archival repository in South Asia. S106. Ans.(c) Sol. In 1539 Sher Khan (another name Sher Shah Suri) defeated Humayun at Chausa and at Kanauj in 1540. In 1540, Mughal emperor Humayun was defeated by Sher Shah Suri and was forced into exile. Sher Shah was the founder of the Sur Dynasty. His original name was Farid. 48 adda247.com/defence | www.sscadda.com | www.bankersadda.com | www.adda247.com S107. Ans.(d) Sol. Abdul Karim Khan and Abdul Wahid Khan were the founders of the Kirana gharana. Kirana Gharana is associated mostly with the perfect intonation of notes. The name of