Block 1.4 Mid-Block Exam 2024 PDF

Block 1.4 mid-block exam 2024 (20 marks with equal marks distribution) 1. Choose the correct option/s to complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks. A. All tongue muscles are supplied by the _______(facial, glossopharyngeal, hypoglossal) _________ nerve except _______(genioglos...

Block 1.4 mid-block exam 2024 (20 marks with equal marks distribution) 1. Choose the correct option/s to complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks. A. All tongue muscles are supplied by the _______(facial, glossopharyngeal, hypoglossal) _________ nerve except _______(genioglossus, sytloglossus, palatoglossus)_____ muscle which is supplied by the (facial, mandibular, vagus) nerve. B. The middle part of the nucleus solitarius receives taste sensations from the ______(posterior, anterior)____ one-third of the tongue through the ____ (chorda tympani, glossopharyngeal, lesser petrosal)______ nerve. C. The intracranial part of the facial nerve supplies the ________(stapedius, tensor tympani, and tensor palatini)_______ muscle, while its extracranial supplies the _______(anterior and posterior)_______ belly of the digastric muscle. D. All palatine muscles are supplied by the cranial part of the accessory nerve through the vagus nerve except the _________(tensor palatini, musculus uvulae)______ muscle, which is supplied by the______ (accessory, facial, mandibular)_________ nerve. E. The bilateral lesion of the lateral part of the optic chiasm will lead to (left nasal hemianopia, right nasal hemianopia, bi-nasal hemianopia, bi-temporal hemianopia). F. The corneal reflex is used to examine the afferent pathway of the________ (facial, oculomotor, optic, trigeminal)_______ nerve and the efferent of the ________(facial, oculomotor optic, trigeminal)______ nerve. G. The foramen of Monro is bounded anteriorly by the_________ (fornix, thalamus)_______ and posteriorly by the ______(fornix, thalamus)_____. H. All parts of the corpus callosum are supplied by the_______ (anterior cerebral, medial cerebral, and posterior cerebral) artery except the_______ (genu, rostrum, and splenium)________, which is supplied by the _____(anterior cerebral, medial cerebral, posterior cerebral)_______ artery. I. The greater petrosal nerve carries parasympathetic supply to the_______ (ciliary, otic, pterygopalatine, submandibular)_______ ganglion, while the lesser petrosal nerve carries the parasympathetic supply to _______(ciliary, otic, pterygopalatine, submandibular)_______ ganglion J. If the right eye is subjected to a light source with a lesion in the left pretectal nucleus, the indirect pupillary light reflex will be ______(absent or present)_____. K. The central artery of the retina is a branch of the _______(anterior cerebral, internal carotid, middle meningeal)____ artery. 2. A 7-year-old boy cannot watch television clearly from a distance. His mother brought him to visit an eye specialist for this problem. After complete examinations, the doctor prescribes him with glasses. His prescription is as follows: NAME: MR FAHAD ALMUTAIRI AGE: 7 YEARS REMARKS: CONTINOUS USE DATE: 28-01-2024 DR: Dr. ABC OD OS SPH CYL AXIS V/A SPH CYL AXIS V/A PD DISTANCE -2.00 -0.50 30° 20/20 -3.50 -0.75 180° 20/80 34 NEAR Answer the following questions about this prescription using the following options list: (Amblyopia, hypermetropia, myopia, left eye, right eye, squint) A. Based on the prescription, what type of refractive error the boy is suffering from __________. MYOPIA B. What do the following terms in the prescription mean?  i. OD: ______RIGHT EYE_____ ii. OS: ______LEFT EYE ______ C. Which problem is indicated by V/A 20/80 in OS________? Amblyopia 3. The following diagram shows the layers of the retina. Use the options list to label the diagram. Options list: (Amacrine cell, Cones cell, Ganglionic cell, Horizontal cell, Rods cell) 1. Cones 2. Rods 3. Amacrine cell 4. Horizontal cell 4. The diagram shows the relationship of different structures with the cavernous sinus. Answer the following questions based on this diagram. A. Choose from the options list to match the names of the structures marked by numbers from 1 to 10. Options list: (Abducent nerve, Cavernous sinus, Chorda tympani nerve, Greater petrosal nerve, Internal carotid artery, Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve, Oculomotor nerve, Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve, Optic chiasma, Pituitary gland, Sphenoidal air sinus, Trochlear nerve) Key: 1. Optic chiasma 2. Pituitary gland 3. Internal carotid artery 4. Oculomotor nerve 5. Trochlear nerve 6. Abducent nerve 7. Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve 8. Cavernous sinus 9. Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve 10.Sphenoidal air sinus B. Lesion in the structure labeled (6) leads to (convergent squint, myopia, dilatation of the eye pupil). C. Which structure carries sensations from the upper gum and teeth (4, 5, 6, 7, 9)? 5. The following diagram shows the different parts of the ear's tympanic membrane (ear drum). A. Match the names of the structures from the options list marked by numbers from 1 to 8 to label the diagram. (options list: Anterior fold, Cone of light, Incus, Short process of malleus, Pars flaccida, Pars tensa, Umbo) Key 1. Pars flaccida 2. Pars tensa 3. Umbo 4. Incus 5. Short process of malleus 6. Manubrium of malleus 7. Cone of light 8. Anterior fold B. The (accessory, glossopharyngeal, trochlear) nerve shares in the sensation of the tympanic membrane. 6. The following picture represents a superior view of the base of the skull (norma basalis interna). Each number from 1-8 represents the name of the foramen and the nerve that exits through it. A. Identify the name of the foramen and the nerve/s passing through it. Foramen Name of Foramen Nname of nerve number 1 Cribriform plate of the ethmoid Olfactory (I) 2 Optic canal Optic (II) 3 Foramen ovale Mandibular division of trigeminal (V3) 4 Foraman spinosum Nervus spinosus 5 Internal acoustic meatus Facial (VII) and vestibulocochlear (VIII) 6 Jugular foramen Glossopharyngeal (IX) 7 Foramen magnum Spinal part of accessory (XI) 8 Superior orbital fisure Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), Abducent (VI), Ophtalmic division of trigeminal nerve (V1) Emissary foramen Hypoglossal nerve  B. The nerve that passes through the foramen labeled by 3 is a ( motor, sensory, mixed ) nerve, and it can supply muscles of ( pharynx, larynx, mastication) 7. Match the given medical term/body parts in column A with its proper definition/function in column B A(Medical term/ body B(Definition/ function) part) Emmetropia Light rays focus directly on the retina. Myopia Light rays focus in front of the retina. Olfaction The only sensation does not path through the thalamus. Presbyopia Insufficiency of accommodation ability leads to a defective focus on close objects. Anosmia The inability to recognize odors may be unilateral or bilateral. Dysosmia Abnormal smell sensations. Medial geniculate body Auditory reflex center Lateral geniculate body Visual reflex center. Chorda tympani nerve Receives taste sensation from anterior 2/3rd of tongue. Presbyacusis Age-related hearing loss Apraxia The inability to perform purposeful actions despite intact muscles Prefrontal cortex Control the behavior and personality. Commissural fibers Connect identical parts in the two cerebral hemispheres. 8. The following diagram shows the visual pathway with lesions marked by alphabets A to G and the site of lesions marked by numbers from 1 to 7. A. Match the visual field defect with the site of lesions (one site of lesion for each visual field defect except for C& G). Key: VISUAL FIELD DEFECT SITE OF LESION A 1 B 6 C&G 4&7 D 5 E 2 F 3 9. Read the statements and choose the correct labeled layers of meninges and their spaces in the image. A. It consists of two layers: the endosteal and meningeal layers. These are closely united except along certain lines, separating to form venous sinuses. B B. It is a vascular membrane closely invest to the brain, covering the gyri and descending into the deepest sulci. F C. In certain areas, this mater projects into the venous sinuses to form villi. The villi are most numerous in the superior sagittal sinus and serve as sites where cerebrospinal fluid diffuses into the bloodstream. D D. Rupture aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery leads to bleeding in this space. E E. It is a potential space between the dura and the arachnoid mater. C 10.The image given was taken from an MRI angiogram of Circle of Willis. Choose the labeled arteries with the statements given. a. It is a branch of the subclavian artery and enters the skull through the foramen magnum. 1 b. It is formed by the union of the two vertebral arteries and ascends in the groove of the anterior surface of the pons. 3 c. It runs laterally in the lateral cerebral sulcus and supplies the Broca area: 6 d. It connects the vertebral system with the carotid system: 5 e. It supplies Brodmann areas 17, 18, and 19: 4 f. It enters the longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum and supplies the paracentral lobule: 7 g. It begins at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and enters the carotid canal of the temporal bone. 2