Body Cavities and Their Contents PDF

Body cavities and their contents Major cavities of the human body 1 2 3 4 Right lateral view Anterior view 1.CRANIAL 2.THORACIC 3.ABDOMINAL 4.PELVIC  Cranial cavity Formed by cranial bones an...

Body cavities and their contents Major cavities of the human body 1 2 3 4 Right lateral view Anterior view 1.CRANIAL 2.THORACIC 3.ABDOMINAL 4.PELVIC  Cranial cavity Formed by cranial bones and contains brain  CNTD…. 1 FRONTAL BONE 2 TEMPORAL BONES 1 OCCIPITAL BONE 2 PARIETAL BONES 1 SPHENOID AND 1 ETHMOID BONE AND PARTS OF THE FRONTAL TEMPORAL AND OCCIPITAL BONES Brain in the cranial cavity Bones forming the right half of the cranium and the face Boundaries of cranial cavity Brain and spinal cord Vertebral column Thoracic cavity The structures forming the walls of the thoracic cage.  CONTENT OF THORACIC CAVITY LUNGS HEART OESOPHAGUS LYMPH VESSELS AND NODES SOME IMPORTANT NERVES Organs of the thoracic cavity Abdominal cavity  CONTENT STOMACH SMALL AND MOST OF THE LARGE INTESTINES LIVER,ALL BLADER, PANCREAS SPLEEN 2 KIDNIES UPPER PART OF UTERUS LANDS,BLOOD VESCLES,LYMPH VESSELS,NERVES,LYMPH NODES Organs of the abdominal cavity The four abdominopelvic quadrants Pelvic cavity  CONTENT SIGMOID COLON,RECTUM AND ANUS SOME LOOPS OF THE SMALL INTESTINES URINARY BLADDER MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Organs of the female pelvic cavity Organs of the male pelvic cavity System level of the human body A system consists of related organs (paragraphs) with a common function.  Systems responsible for support and movement Skeletal system Muscular system  Components of skeletal system Bones and joints of the body and their associated cartilages  Functions of skeletal system Supports and protects the body Provides a surface area for muscle attachments Aids body movements Houses cells -that produce blood cells Stores- minerals and lipids (fats) Components of muscular system Muscles composed of , so-named skeletal muscle tissue because it is usually attached to bones.  Functions of muscular system Produces body movements such as walking Stabilizes body position (posture) Generates heat  Components of skin such as hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands.  Functions of skin Protects the body regulate body temperature Eliminates wastes make vitamin D Detects sensations Systems responsible for integration and control of the body Nervous system Endocrine system Sensory organs  Components of nervous system Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs, such as the eyes, ears, nose, Tongue and skin  Functions of nervous system Generates nerve impulses to regulate body activities Detects changes in the body’s internal and external environments Interprets the changes, and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions Components of endocrine system Hormone-producing glands (pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes) and hormone-producing cells in several other organs.  Functions of endocrine system Regulates body activities by releasing hormones, which are chemical messengers transported in blood from an endocrine gland or tissue to a target organ Systems responsible for control of metabolism and immunity Cardio- vascular system Lymphatic system Respiratory system Digestive system Urinary system  Components of cardiovascular system Blood, heart, and blood vessels.  Functions of cardiovascular system Heart pumps blood through blood vessels, carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells regulate acid–base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids Blood components help defend against disease and repair damaged blood vessels Components of lymphatic system Lymphatic fluid (lymph) and vessels; also includes spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils.  Functions of lymphatic system BALANCE FLUIDS-from collecting excess fluids in tissues to the blood Returns proteins and fluid to blood Carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood Fights against microorganisms  Components of respiratory system Lungs pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box) trachea windpipe Bronchial tubes  Functions of respiratory system Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air Helps regulate acid–base balance of body fluids Air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords produces sounds  Components of digestive system mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus; also includes accessory organs that assist in digestive processes, such as the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.  Functions of digestive system Achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food Absorbs nutrients Eliminates solid wastes  Components of urinary system Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra  Functions of urinary system Produces, stores, and eliminates urine Helps maintain the acid–base balance of body fluids Maintains body’s mineral balance Helps regulate production of red blood cells Systems responsible for reproduction Male reproductive system Female reproductive system Components of reproductive system Gonads (testes in males and ovaries in females) and associated organs (uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina in females and epididymis, ductus deferens, and penis in males)  Functions of reproductive system Gonads produce gametes (sperm or oocytes) that unite to form a new organism Gonads also release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes