Human Body and Anatomical Terminologies PDF

v v Human Body and Anatomical Terminologies By: Dr. Nur Atiqah Sa’hari @ Ramli [email protected]  Learning Outcomes 1 Discuss the approaches to studying anatomy – regional or systemic List the systems that make...

v v Human Body and Anatomical Terminologies By: Dr. Nur Atiqah Sa’hari @ Ramli [email protected]  Learning Outcomes 1 Discuss the approaches to studying anatomy – regional or systemic List the systems that make up the human body and the organs in each 2 system 3 Describe the different anatomical positions and planes of the body 4 Explain the various terms of comparison and movements Subdivisions of Anatomy  Anatomy Anatomy - From Greek word “anatome’’ meaning “cutting up” Study of the structures of the body, either regionally or systematically Structure Relationship Physiology – Branch of biological science dealing with the functions of organs and organ systems  Anatomy: The study of the structure of the body Gross Histology Embryology (Topographical/ (Microscopic) (Developmental) macroscopic) Regional anatomy Systemic anatomy Radiographic and endoscopic anatomy  Regional Anatomy Study of a specific part of the body (e.g. the head, the thorax) Examine the arrangement and relationship of the multiple systemic structures within the region e.g bones, muscle, nerves, vessels Image from Moore Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Edition  Skin Maxillary bone Buccinator (muscle) Parotid gland (salivary gland) External jugular vein Carotid artery  Regional Anatomy Surface anatomy is a part of regional anatomy Gives knowledge of what lies underneath the skin or palpable structures in the body at rest and in action Image from Moore Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Edition Surface Anatomy  Systemic Anatomy Study of the body’s organ systems that work together to carry out complex functions. Example: nervous system, cardiovascular system, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary system, reproductive system, endocrine system From https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/advancedanatomy1sted/chapter/gross-anatomy/ From https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/advancedanatomy1sted/chapter/gross-anatomy/ From https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/advancedanatomy1sted/chapter/gross-anatomy/ From https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/advancedanatomy1sted/chapter/gross-anatomy/ From https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/advancedanatomy1sted/chapter/gross-anatomy/ From https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/advancedanatomy1sted/chapter/gross-anatomy/ From https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/advancedanatomy1sted/chapter/gross-anatomy/ From https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/advancedanatomy1sted/chapter/gross-anatomy/ From https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/advancedanatomy1sted/chapter/gross-anatomy/ From https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/advancedanatomy1sted/chapter/gross-anatomy/ From https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/advancedanatomy1sted/chapter/gross-anatomy/ From https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/advancedanatomy1sted/chapter/gross-anatomy/ From https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/advancedanatomy1sted/chapter/gross-anatomy/ Body Positions, Anatomical Planes  Anatomical Position It is the standard reference position of the body to describe the location of structures Stand upright with feet together, toes point forward Hands by the side, palms facing anteriorly, fingers straight and together, pad of thumb turned 90o to the pads of the fingers Face looking forward, mouth closed, neutral facial expression, eyes open Image from Moore Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Edition  Other Body Positions Supine – Lying on the back Prone – Lying face down Right lateral recumbent – Lying on the right side Left lateral recumbent – Lying on the left side Lithotomy - Lying supine with the hips and knee flexed  Anatomical Plane It is the hypothetical plane used to transect the body to describe the location of structures. 3 major groups of planes: Coronal – divide the body into anterior and posterior parts Sagittal - divide the body into right and left parts Median sagittal plane – plane that passes through the centre of the body, divide body into equal right and left halves Transverse/ horizontal/ axial - divide the body into superior and inferior parts Image from Moore Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Edition Image from Moore Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Edition Image from Moore Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Edition  Not cut along the 3 anatomical planes. a.k.a cross-section Image from Moore Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Edition Mini Quiz Quizizz.com Directional Terms Anatomy Directional Terms Image from Moore Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Edition Image from Moore Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Edition Image from Moore Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Edition Image from Moore Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Edition Mini Quiz Quizizz.com Body Cavities  Body Cavities Fluid-filled space inside the body that holds and protect internal organs. 1. Ventral body cavity Thoracic cavity 2 pleural cavities (contains lungs) Mediastinum (contains heart and great vessels) Pericardial cavity (contains heart) Abdominopelvic cavity Abdominal cavity (contains abdominal organs) Pelvic cavity 2. Dorsal body cavity Cranial cavity Vertebral cavity Terms of Movement Anatomy Terms of Movement (1) Anatomy Terms of Movement (2) Anatomy Terms of Movement (3) Anatomy Terms of Movement (4) Anatomy Terms of Movement (5)  Level of Structural Organisation Chemicals combine to form… Cells, similar cells combine to form… Tissues, two or more tissues combine to form an… Organ, two or more work together as an… Organ system, all organ systems work together to support the… Organism  Summary Subdivisions of anatomy Body regions, body systems, body positions, anatomical planes Directional terminologies Body cavities Terminologies regarding movements Level of structural organization  References 1. Drake RL, Vogl W, Mitchell AWM. Gray’s Anatomy for Students, 4th Ed. Churchill Livingston 2. Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AMR. Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 7th Ed. Wolters Kluwer Health