Hearing Loss PDF

Hearing Loss https://twitter.com/GordonFetcher/status/1106587154388533249/photo/1 Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Conductive Hearing Loss https://hearingpartners.com.sg/hearing-loss/ F...

Hearing Loss https://twitter.com/GordonFetcher/status/1106587154388533249/photo/1 Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Conductive Hearing Loss https://hearingpartners.com.sg/hearing-loss/ Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Conductive hearing loss? Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Otosclerosis Disrupts movement of the middle ear bones. Progressive,significant hearing loss, More common in women, Familial link. Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Otosclerosis Stapedectomy Hearing aids Cochlear implant https://sydneyentclinic.com/sean-flanagan/patient-resources-2/patient-resources/hearing-loss/otosclerosis/ Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Otitis medias Otitis Media is an inflammation of the middle- ear cavity with or without fluid and with or without an intact tympanic membrane. May be asymptomatic Diagnosis via external visual examination, Otoscopy and Tympanometry Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Sensorineural Hearing Loss https://hearingpartners.com.sg/hearing-loss/ Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Prevalence of SNHL in children Infancy 1 per 1,000 live births No risk factor is established in ~40% of children with diagnoses Coates & Gifkin, 2003 School-aged children 9.3% with bilateral and 11.3% with unilateral hearing loss. With only 0.8% and 0.9% of those losses greater than 26db. Wang, J., le Clercq, C. M., Sung, V., Carew, P., Liu, R. S., Mensah, F. K.,... & Wake, M. (2018). Cross-sectional epidemiology of hearing loss in Australian children aged 11–12 years old and 25- year secular trends. Archives of disease in childhood, 103(6), 579-585. Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Prevalence of SNHL in adults One of the most common chronic health problems Estimated at 1 in 10 Australians Strongly associated with functional decline and depression (Bogardus, 2003) 11% bilateral higher frequency and 4.6% bilateral lower frequency. Associations with age. Wang, J., Sung, V., Le Clercq, C. M. P., Burt, R. A., Carew, P., Liu, R. S.,... & Wake, M. (2019). High prevalence of slight and mild hearing loss across mid-life: a cross-sectional national Australian study. Public health, 168, 26-35. 10 Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Causes: congenital Genetic transmission = ~50% of cases. 30% syndrome-related. (Moody Antonio, 2016b) Over 400 syndromes associated with hearing loss. http://www.catherines hafer.com/DNA.html Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Causes: Syndromes with HI Waardenburg Approximately 70% of cases experienced bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Song, J., Feng, Y., Acke, F. R., Coucke, P., Vleminckx, K., & Dhooge, I. J. (2016). Hearing loss in Waardenburg syndrome: a systematic review. Clinical genetics, 89(4), 416-425. Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Causes: Syndromes with HI Usher Mathur, P., & Yang, J. (2015). Usher syndrome: hearing loss, retinal degeneration and associated abnormalities. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)- Molecular Basis of Disease, 1852(3), 406-420. Goldenhar Rosa, R. F. M., da Silva, A. P., Goetze, T. B., de Almeida Bier, B., de Almeida, S. T., Paskulin, G. A., & Zen, P. R. G. (2011). Ear abnormalities in patients with oculo- auriculo-vertebral spectrum (Goldenhar syndrome). Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology, 77(4), 455-460. Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Causes: Syndromes with HI Down Hearing loss all types (66%) ME fluid accumulation (60-80%) Jones, 2006 De Schrijver, L., Topsakal, V., Wojciechowski, M., Van de Heyning, P., & Boudewyns, A. (2019). Prevalence and etiology of sensorineural hearing loss in children with down syndrome: A cross-sectional study. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 116, 168-172. Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Causes: Environmental Prenatal: Maternal infections in the first trimester. Congenital rubella syndrome: hearing loss, microcephaly, IUGR, meningoencephalitis. (Caserta, 2015) Congenital syphilis: hearing loss due to abnormalities of cochlea. (Arnold and Ford-Jones, 2000) Cytomegalovirus: varying degrees of hearing loss; antiviral treatment associated with improved hearing in some cases. (Bilavsky et al, 2016) Foetal alcohol syndrome and other use of ototoxic agents. (Cohen-Kerem et al, 2007) Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Causes: Environmental Perinatal:  Trauma (e.g., forceps damage), infection or anoxia  Jaundice  Low birth weight (Cristobal & Oghalai, 2008).  Between 0.7-1.5% of pre-term births. (Cristobal & Oghalai, 2008; Marlow, Hunt & Marlow, 2000). Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Causes: Environmental Post-natal (relevant in adulthood, also)  Prolonged administration, and/or higher doses, of ototoxic drugs.  Infectious diseases:  Meningitis  Mumps  Measles  Encephalitis Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Noise-induced Long-term occupational or social exposure Gradual onset Outcome dependent on: intensity duration frequency; and susceptibility of the person Damage more likely to outer hair cells (Davis, Kozel & Erway, 2003; Doyle, 1998) 18 Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Presbycusis Age-related degeneration Bilateral, progressive Onset from ~50 years of age More rapid for men than women 40% of western populations >75 Bess & Humes, (1990) Audiology: The Fundamentals, Williams & Wilkins, Maryland 19 Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Meniere's disease Affects the membranous inner ear balance and hearing symptoms. Chronic, episodic: vertigo Fluctuating hearing loss aural fullness and/or tinnitus Paediatric cases reported but onset usually in forties and fifties. Familial trend (Sajjadi & Paparella, 2008) 20 Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Head trauma Overt fracture of temporal bone Cochlea fracture May co-occur with conductive loss Fracture of ossicles Tympanic membrane rupture Facial nerve may be affected (20 – 40% of cases) (Doyle, 1998; Most, 2013) 21 Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Effects of Hearing Loss Exacerbated by: Competing demands for attention Auditory Visual Cognitive Reduction in cues to scaffold comprehension: Visual Gestural Psychological implications: Shame, embarrassment Denial Loss of autonomy Depression Anxiety Frustration (Deafness Forum of Australia, n.d.) 22 Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Mitigating Effects of HL in clinical interactions  Loud and clear  Counselling  Advice to family  Communication strategies 23 Faculty of Health Sciences | School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J