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What percentage of cases of hearing loss is related to genetic transmission?
What is the estimated prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in adults in Australia?
Which syndrome is associated with approximately 70% experiencing bilateral sensorineural hearing loss?
What is the percentage of adults with bilateral lower frequency hearing loss in Australia?
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What complication is strongly associated with functional decline in individuals with SNHL?
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What percentage of hearing loss cases are syndrome-related?
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Which of the following syndromes is NOT mentioned as being associated with hearing loss?
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How many syndromes are associated with hearing loss according to the information provided?
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What condition is characterized by the disruption of movement of the middle ear bones?
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What is a common treatment option for otosclerosis?
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Which of the following statements about Otitis Media is true?
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What percentage of school-aged children are affected by unilateral hearing loss?
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How prevalent is sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in infants?
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Which factor is missing for approximately 40% of children diagnosed with SNHL?
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Which of the following is not a type of hearing loss mentioned?
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What is Tympanometry used for in the diagnosis of hearing conditions?
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What percentage of patients with Down syndrome are likely to experience hearing loss?
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Which maternal infection in the first trimester is associated with hearing loss among other complications?
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What environmental factor during the perinatal period may contribute to hearing loss?
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What is a common cause of hearing loss due to environmental exposure during pregnancy?
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Which syndrome is NOT mentioned as a cause of hearing loss in the provided content?
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What percentage of pre-term births are associated with conditions that may lead to hearing loss?
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Which viral infection is noted for causing varying degrees of hearing loss with potential improvement from antiviral treatment?
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What is a potential outcome of foetal alcohol syndrome related to auditory function?
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What is a likely outcome of long-term exposure to noise?
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Which infectious disease is NOT mentioned as a cause of hearing loss?
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What age group is primarily affected by presbycusis?
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What characterizes Meniere's disease?
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Which factor is NOT considered when assessing the outcome of noise-induced hearing loss?
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Which demographic is most affected by presbycusis according to the content?
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What is the main characteristic of noise-induced hearing loss?
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Which statement about the onset of Meniere's disease is true?
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Which potential complications can co-occur with head trauma related to hearing loss?
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What are some psychological implications of hearing loss?
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What effect does competition for attention have on hearing loss?
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Which of the following is a suggested mitigating effect for hearing loss during clinical interactions?
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What percentage of cases may involve facial nerve damage in head trauma incidents?
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Which statement best describes the impact of visual and gestural cues on comprehension for individuals with hearing loss?
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Which strategy is NOT advised for communicating effectively with individuals who have hearing loss?
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In the context of hearing loss, what cognitive demands can exacerbate its effects?
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Study Notes
Conductive Hearing Loss
- Hearing loss is a result of a problem with the outer or middle ear.
- Sound waves may not reach the inner ear, or not reach the inner ear with sufficient intensity.
- If a person can hear, but the sound is muffled, this could indicate conductive hearing loss.
- Examples of conductive hearing loss include:
- Otosclerosis.
- Otitis Media.
Otosclerosis
- Otosclerosis is a condition that disrupts the movement of the bones in the middle ear.
- The condition causes gradual and significant hearing loss that is usually progressive.
- Otosclerosis is more common in women and there is a familial link to the condition.
- Otosclerosis can be treated using either a surgical procedure known as Stapedectomy or Hearing Aids.
- In severe cases, a Cochlear Implant may be necessary.
Otitis Media
- Otitis Media is an inflammation of the middle ear cavity.
- This inflammation is often accompanied by fluid build-up and sometimes the tympanic membrane is intact.
- Otitis Media may be asymptomatic.
- Diagnosis is based on an external visual exam, otoscopy and tympanometry.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
- Affects the inner ear, the auditory nerve, or both.
- Sound signals may not reach the brain properly.
- This results in distorted or muffled sound.
Prevalence of SNHL in Children
- Approximately 1 in 1,000 live births are diagnosed with SNHL.
- No risk factor is established for approximately 40% of children diagnosed with hearing loss.
- Approximately 9.3% of school-aged children experience bilateral hearing loss, and 11.3% experience unilateral hearing loss.
- Only 0.8% of children with bilateral hearing loss and 0.9% of children with unilateral hearing loss have hearing loss greater than 26db.
Prevalence of SNHL in Adults
- SNHL is one of the most common chronic health problems.
- Approximately 1 in 10 Australians experience SNHL.
- SNHL is strongly associated with functional decline and depression.
- 11% of adults experience bilateral higher frequency hearing loss, and 4.6% experience bilateral lower frequency hearing loss.
- There are strong associations with age, with hearing loss increasing with age.
Causes of SNHL: Congenital
- Genetic transmission accounts for approximately 50% of cases.
- Approximately 30% of cases are syndrome-related.
- Over 400 syndromes are associated with hearing loss.
Causes of SNHL: Syndromes with Hearing Loss
- Waardenburg Syndrome: Approximately 70% of cases experience bilateral sensorineural hearing loss
- Usher Syndrome: Causes hearing loss, retinal degeneration, and associated abnormalities.
- Goldenhar Syndrome: Results in ear abnormalities within the oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum.
- Down Syndrome: Hearing loss of all types is reported in 66% of cases, and middle ear fluid accumulation is reported in 60-80% of cases.
Causes of SNHL: Environmental
- Prenatal:
- Maternal infections in the first trimester, including:
- Congenital rubella syndrome: Hearing loss, microcephaly, IUGR, and meningoencephalitis.
- Congenital syphilis: Hearing loss due to abnormalities of the cochlea
- Cytomegalovirus: Varying degrees of hearing loss.
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and other use of ototoxic agents.
- Maternal infections in the first trimester, including:
- Perinatal:
- Trauma (e.g., forceps damage), infection or anoxia.
- Jaundice.
- Low birth weight.
- Preterm births account for 0.7-1.5% of cases.
- Post-natal:
- Prolonged administration and/or high doses of ototoxic drugs.
- Infectious diseases, including:
- Meningitis.
- Mumps.
- Measles.
- Encephalitis.
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
- Long-term exposure to occupational or social noise.
- Gradual onset.
- Outcome depends on:
- Intensity.
- Duration.
- Frequency.
- Susceptibility of the person
- Damage more likely to occur in the outer cells.
Presbycusis
- Age-related degeneration of the inner ear.
- Bilateral and progressive
- Onset around age 50, but more rapid for men than women.
- 40% of people in Western countries over the age of 75 experience presbycusis.
Ménière's Disease
- Affects the membranous inner ear.
- Characterized by fluctuating hearing loss and tinnitus.
- Symptoms include:
- Vertigo.
- Aural fullness and/or tinnitus.
- Typically, the onset occurs between the ages of 40 and 50, although cases have been reported in children.
- There is a familial trend associated with the condition.
Head Trauma
- Overt fracture of the temporal bone can cause a cochlea fracture.
- May be accompanied by conductive loss resulting from:
- Fracture of ossicles.
- Tympanic membrane rupture.
- The facial nerve may also be affected in 20-40% of cases.
Effects of Hearing Loss
- Exacerbated by demanding situations where attention is needed for:
- Auditory input.
- Visual input.
- Cognitive processes.
- Loss of visual and gestural cues for scaffolding comprehension.
- Psychological implications including:
- Shame and embarrassment.
- Denial.
- Loss of autonomy.
- Depression.
- Anxiety.
- Frustration.
Mitigating the Effects of Hearing Loss in Clinical Interactions
- Speak loud and clear and encourage others to do so.
- Provide counseling and support to patients.
- Advise families on communication strategies for interacting with patients.
- Implement appropriate communication strategies.
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Description
Explore the key aspects of conductive hearing loss, including its causes, symptoms, and common conditions like otosclerosis and otitis media. Understand how these issues affect hearing and the available treatment options. This quiz is essential for anyone studying audiology or related health fields.
