Hearing Impairment and Deafness PDF

HEARING IMPAIRMENT AND DEAFNESS  OBJECTIVES DEFINITION TYPES ETIOLOGY EXAMINATION AND INVESTIGATIONS TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION PREVENTION  HEARING IMPAIRMENT DEFINITION. A PERSON IS SAID TO HAVE HEARING LOSS WHEN HIS HEARING IS ELEVATED TO 20 DB OR A...

HEARING IMPAIRMENT AND DEAFNESS  OBJECTIVES DEFINITION TYPES ETIOLOGY EXAMINATION AND INVESTIGATIONS TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION PREVENTION  HEARING IMPAIRMENT DEFINITION. A PERSON IS SAID TO HAVE HEARING LOSS WHEN HIS HEARING IS ELEVATED TO 20 DB OR ABOVE. SEVERITY OF HEARING LOSS: -10---20 DB NORMAL HEARING. 20---40 DB MILD HEARING LOSS 40---60 DB MODERATELY SEVERE HEARING LOSS. 60---80 DB SEVERE HEARING LOSS. 80---100 DB PROFOUND HEARING LOSS.  TYPES 0F HEARING LOSS CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS MIXED HEARING LOSS  CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS CAUSED BY INTERFERENCE WITH THE CONDUCTION OF SOUND TO REACH COCHLEAR EXTERNAL EAR AND TYMPANIC MEMBRANE, MIDDLE EAR OR OSSICLES  CAUSES: CONGENITAL. ACQUIRED  CONGENITAL CONDUCTIVE HL THIS IS DUE TO MALDEVELOPMENT OF THE EXTERNAL AND MIDDLE EAR. 1. CONGENITAL ATRESIA OF THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL 2. ANOTIA/MICROTIA 3. COMPLETE ATRESIA OF THE MIDDLE EAR CAVITY 4. CONGENITAL ABSENCE OR FUSION OF ONE OR MORE OSSICLES 5. CONGENITAL STENOSIS OF THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL 6. TREACHER –COLLINS SYNDROME. CONGENITAL MEATAL ATRESIA MANDIBULO FACIAL ANOMALIES EG:(HYPOPLASTIC MANDIBLE)  ACQUIRED CONDUCTIVE HL CERUMEN IMPACTION. THIS IS THE COMMONEST CAUSE OF CONDUCTIVE HL MIDDLE EAR EFFUSION. EXTERNAL AND MIDDLE EAR INFECTIONS  ACQUIRED CONDUCTIVE HL CT. TRAUMA TO THE EAR. I A SLAP TO THE EXTERNAL EAR II AN EXPLOSION NEAR THE EAR III HEAD INJURY TUMOURS: I MEATAL OSTEOMAS AND EXOSTOSIS II CERUMINOMA IIIGLOMUS JUGULARE AND TYPANICUM  ACQUIRED CONDUCTIVE HL CT. DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS. A.OTOSCLEROSIS B TYMPANOSCLEROSIS C.OSTEITIS DEFORMANS( PAGETS DISEASE) D.OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA  SENSORINEURAL HL PERCEPTIVE HL (COCHLEAR) NEURAL HL AS IT IS DIFFICULT TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE TWO FORMS OF HL, THE TERM SENSORINEURAL HL IS USED.  RESULTS FROM LESIONS OF THE COCHLEA, VIIITH NERVE OR CENTRAL AUDITORY PATHWAYS.  CAUSES OF SENSORINEURAL HL CONGENITAL CAUSES: (GENETIC & NON GENETIC) GENETIC: ABOUT 50% ARE GENETIC. INTERMARRIED AMONG CLOSE RELATIVES INCREASES THE CHANCE OF SENSORINUERAL HL. 1. PENDRED’S DISEASE: NON ENDEMIC GOITRE SENSORINEURAL DEAFNESS AT BIRTH 2. MICHELS APLASIA TOTAL OR NEAR TOTAL APLASIA OF THE INNER EAR 3 WAADENBURG’S SYNDROME IRIS HETEROCHROMIA CONGENITAL DEAFNESS HYPERTELORISM PREMATURE GRAYING OF THE HAIR  CONGENITAL NON GENETIC SNHL RUBELLA SYNDROME: CONGENITAL DEAFNESS CONGENITAL CATARACTS CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE MENTAL RETARDATION KERNICTERUS: RH INCOMPACTIBILITY IS ACOMMON CAUSE ENDEMIC CRETINISM  ACQUIRED SNHL DELAYED GENETIC SNHL. THESE CONDITIONS ARE GENETICALLY PREDETERMINED BUT PHENOTYPIC EXPRESSION OCCURS LATER IN LIFE. A. FAMILIAL PROGRESSIVE SNHL B. ALPORTS DISEASE: I. PROGRESSIVE RENAL INSUFFICIENCY II. PROGRESSIVE SNHL III. CATARCT FORMATION  ACQUIRED SNHL CT. INFECTIONS: I. MUMPS. II.MEASLES III. RAMSAY HUNTS SYNDROME: (HERPES ZOSTER OTICUS) IV. BACTERIAL MENINGITIS. V. CONGENITAL SYPHILIS. TRAUMA—HEAD INJURY (FRACTURES OF THE PETROUS BONE)  ACQUIRED SNHL CT. TUMOURS; CEREBELLO PONTINE ANGLE TUMOURS. I. ACOUSTIC NEUROMA II. MENINGIOMA ETC OTOTOXICITY; I. AMINOGYCOSIDES II. RAPID ACTION DIURETICS III. QUININE IV. CYTOTOXIC DRUGS NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS AGING (PRESBYACUSIS)  EVALUATION OTOSCOPY  WEBER'S TEST RINNE TEST TYMPANOMETRY NORMAL TYMPANOGRAM  TYPE C- EUSTACHIAN TUBE TYPE B-MIDDLE EAR EFFUSION DYSFUNCTION PURE TONE AUDIOMETRY AUDIOGRAM NORMAL AUDIOGRAM CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS AUDIOGRAM SENSORINEURAL HEARING MIXED HEARING LOSS LOSS AUDIOGRAM AUDIOGRAM  MANAGEMENT OF HL CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS. THIS IS GENERALLY CORRECTABLE. SOME FORMS OF TREATMENT: I REMOVAL OF CERUMEN IMPACTION. II TREATMENT OF OTITIS MEDIA AND EXTERNA. III EXCISION OF MEATAL SWELLINGS. IV MYRINGOTOMY AND GROMMET INSERTION V. TYMPANOPLASTY GROMMET IN THE EAR  SENSORINEURAL HL. NOT TREATABLE REHABILITATION  REHABILITATION OF A PATIENT WITH HEARING HAND CAP REHABILITATION HELPS A PERSON WITH HEARING HAND CAP TO COPE WITH DEMANDS OF HIS SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT. TYPES OF REHABILITATION: I. LIP READING II. SIGN LANGUAGE III. HEARING AID MACHINE IV. COCHLEAR IMPLANT  TYPES OF HEARING AIDS CONVECTIONAL HEARING AIDS IMPLANTABLE HEARING AIDS  CONVENTIONAL HEARING AID A HEARING AID IS A DEVICE TO AMPLIFY SOUNDS REACHING THE EAR. MICROPHONE, WHICH PICKS UP SOUNDS AND - CONVERTS THEM INTO ELECTRICAL IMPULSES, -AMPLIFIER, WHICH MAGNIFIES ELECTRICAL IMPULSES, - A RECEIVER, WHICH CONVERTS ELECTRICAL IMPULSES BACK TO SOUND.  TYPES OF HEARING AID BODY WORN BEHIND EAR IN-THE-EAR (ITE) TYPES CANAL TYPES (ITC & CIC) IMPLANTABLE HEARING AIDS COCHLEAR IMPLANT  REHABILITATION OF A CHILD WITH HEARING HAND CAP PARENT GUIDANCE. TO BE EDUCATED ON THEIR CHILD,S HAND CAP. SEVERITY OF THE HAND CAP CORRECT ABILITY OF THE HAND CAP IF IT IS HEREDITARY, CHANCES OF HAVING OTHER DEAF CHILDREN. INSTRUCTION OF HOW TO TALK TO THE CHILD (FACE TO FACE) TO ENABLE THE CHILD DEVELOP LIP READING CHILD TO BE PLACED IN A NORMAL NURSERY SCHOOL AT THE AGE OF THREE TO ENABLE THE HIM/HER ACQUIRE PROPER SOCIAL MATURITY.  REHABILITATION OF THE DEAF CHILD CT. AMPLIFICATION: HEARING AID MACHINE SHOULD BE USED EARLY IN LIFE TO ENABLE THE CHILD ACQUIRE SPEECH. EDUCATION: TO BE CONDUCTED IN SPECIAL CLASSES WITH IN THE SAME SCHOOL FOR NORMAL CHILDREN ORGANIZATION THE DOCTOR,THE SPEECH THERAPIST,THE SOCIAL WORKER,THEPSYCHOLOGISTAND THE TEACHER FOR THE DEAF SHOULD WORK CLOSELY TOGETHER IN REHABILITATION OF THE CHILD.  PREVENTION AVOIDING NOISE WEARING EAR PLUGS VACCINE SYPHILIS SCREENING DURING PREGNANCY THANK YOU