Human Reproduction (NCERT) PDF

Human Reproduction Human Reproduction TOPIC 1: The Male Reproductive System 1. Read the following statements and find out the incorrect statement(s). a. Humans are sexually reproducing...

Human Reproduction Human Reproduction TOPIC 1: The Male Reproductive System 1. Read the following statements and find out the incorrect statement(s). a. Humans are sexually reproducing and viviparous. b. Transfer of sperm in female genital tract (vagina) is called ejaculation. c. There are remarkable differences between the reproductive events in the male and in the female. d. Sperm formation continues even in old men, but formation of ovum ceases in women around the age of fifteen years. e. The male and female reproductive systems are located in the pelvic region. (A) a, c and e (B) b, c and e (C) b and d only (D) b only 2. The male reproductive system includes a. Primary sex organ b. Accessory duct c. Accessory glands d. External genitalia (A) a, b and d (B) a, c and d (C) a and d only (D) a, b, c and d 3. Number of testicular lobules in testes is (A) 250 (B) 500 (C) 750 (D) 200-300 4. Recognise the figure and find out the correct matching. (A) d—Sertoli cells, c—spermatozoa, b—spermatogonia, a— interstitial cells (B) a—Sertoli cells, b—spermatozoa, c—spermatogonia, d— interstitial cells (C) c—Sertoli cells, a—spermatozoa, d—spermatogonia, b— interstitial cells (D) b—Sertoli cells, d—spermatozoa, a—spermatogonia, c— interstitial cells 5. Read the following statements and find out the incorrect statements. a. Each testicular lobule contains one to three highly coiled seminiferous tubules in which sperm are produced. b. Each seminiferous tubule is lined on its inside by two types of cells called Leydig cells and Sertoli cells. c. The region outside the seminiferous tubules called interstitial space, contain small blood vessels and male germ cells (spennatogonia) which lead to sperm formation. d. In testis immunologically component cells are also present. e. The seminiferous tubules of the testis open into the rete testis through vasa efferentia. (A) b and c (B) b and d (C) d and e (D) b, c and e 6. The male accessory duct includes. (A) Penis, testis and ureter (B) Rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis and vas deferens (C) Ureter, urinary bladder and urethra (D) Ureter, urethra and penis 7. Which is correct sequence of male accessory ducts starting from testis? (A) Rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis, vas deferens (B) Rete testis, vasa efferentia, vas deferens, epididymis (C) Rete testis, vas deferens, epididymis, vasa efferentia (D) Rete testis, vas deferens, vasa efferentia, epididymis 1  Human Reproduction 8. The function of the male sex accessory duct is (A) Storage of sperms (B) Transport of sperms (C) Formation of sperms (D) Both A and B 9. The duct that leave the testis and open into epididymis is (A) Rete testis (B) Vas deferens (C) Vasa efferentia (D) Seminal vesicle 10. Which duct ascends to abdomen and loops over the urinary bladder? (A) Rete testis (B) Vasa efferentia (C) Epididymis (D) Vas deferens 11. Ejaculatory duct is formed by the (A) Vas deferens along with a duct from seminal vesicle (B) Epididymis along with a duct from seminal vesicle (C) Epididymis along with the prostatic duct (D) Vas deferens along with the prostatic duct 12. Ejaculatory duct open into (A) Ureter (B) Urethra (C) Urinary bladder (D) Testis 13. The urethra originates from the...a... and extends through the...b... to its external opening called...c... (A) a—ureters, b—urinary bladder, c—urethral sphincter (B) a—urinary bladder, b—testis, c—urethral meatus (C) a—penis, b—urinary bladder, c—urethral meatus (D) a—urinary bladder, b—penis, c—urethral mearus 14. Recognise the figure and find out the correct matching. (A) e—rete testis, d—testicular lobules, c—epididymis, b— vasa efferentia, a—vas deferens (B) d—rete testis, e—testicular lobules, b—epididymis, a— vasa efferentia, c—vas deferens (C) d—rete testis, e—testicular lobules, a—epididymis, c—vasa efferentia, b—vas deferens (D) d—rete testis, e—testicular lobules, b—epididymis, c— vasa efferentia, a—vas deferens 15. Which of the following is/are male external genitalia? (A) Testis and scrotum (B) Testis without scrotum (C) Penis (D) Prostate, Seminal vesicle & bulbourethral glands 16. The enlarged end of penis is called (A) Prepuce (B) Glance penis (C) Glans penis (D) Glans penis 17. Glans penis is covered by a loose fold of skin called (A) Prepuce (B) Hindskin (C) Foreskin (D) Both A and C 18. The male sex accessory glands include a. Prostate gland b. Bulbourethral gland c. Seminal vesicle d. Bartholin gland (A) a, c and d (B) b, c and d (C) a, b and c (D) a, b, c and d 19. The secretions of the male sex accessory glands constitute the (A) Seminal plasma (B) Serum (C) Semen (D) Urine 20. The secretion of which gland helps in the lubrication of the penis (A) Prostate gland (B) Bulbourethral gland (C) Seminal vesicle (D) All of the above 2  Human Reproduction 21. Spermatozoa are nourished during their development by (A) Sertoli cells (B) Connective tissue cells (C) Interstitial cells (D) None of the above 22. Epididymis lies between (A) Rete testis and vasa efferentia (B) Vas deferens and vasa efferentia (C) Vas deferens and ejaculatory duct (D) Seminal tubules and rete testis 23. Sertoli cells secrete a hormone called (A) Gonadotropin (B) Testosterone (C) Relaxin (D) Inhibin 24. In human the unpaired male reproductive structure is (A) Testis (B) Seminal vesicle (C) Bulbourethral gland (D) Prostate gland 25. Scrotal sacs of man and rabbit are connected with the abdominal cavity by (A) Inguinal canal (B) Haversian canal (C) Vaginal cavity (D) Spermatic canal 26. Cryptorchidism is a condition of testes (A) Unable to descend in scrotal sacs (B) Unable to produce sperms (C) Having been surgically removed (D) Having remained undeveloped 27. Accessory genital gland found only in males is (A) Cowper's gland (B) Bartholin gland (C) Perineal gland (D) Prostate gland 28. Corpus spongiosum occurs in (A) Ovary (B) Penis (C) Testis (D) Uterine wall 29. Function of prostate gland is (A) Storage of semen (B) Provide motility to sperms (C) Formation of semen (D) Release of hormones 30. Supporting cells found in between spermatogonia are (A) Germinal cells (B) Sertoli cells (C) Epithelial cells (D) Lymph space 31. Recognise the figure and find out the correct matching. (A) d—vas deferens, c—seminal vesicle, a—ejaculatory duct, b—bulbourethral gland, e—prostate gland (B) b—vas deferens, a—seminal vesicle, d—ejaculatory duct, c—bulbourethral gland, e—prostate gland (C) d—vas deferens, e—seminal vesicle, b—ejaculato-iy duct, a—bulbourethral gland, c—prostate gland (D) b—vas deferens, a—seminal vesicle, d—ejaculatory duct, e—bulbourethral gland, c—prostate gland 32. Testes descend into scrotum in mammals for (A) Spermatogenesis (B) Fertilization (C) Development of sex organs (D) Development of visceral organs 33. In mammals, the testes occur in scrotal sacs outside the abdomen because of the (A) Presence of urinary bladder (B) Presence of rectum (C) Long vas deferens (D) Requirement of low temperature for spermatogenesis 3  Human Reproduction 34. Testosterone is produced by (A) Acinar cells (B) Graafian follicles (C) Leydig cells (D) Hepatic cells 35. Seminal vesicles are located above (A) Caput epididymis (B) Uterus (C) Cowper's glands (D) Glans penis 36. Prostate gland is present (A) On ureter (B) On kidney (C) On testis (D) Around urethra 37. Which one is primary sex organ? (A) Scrotum (B) Penis (C) Testis (D) Prostate 38. What would happen if vasa defferentia of man are cut? (A) Sperms are non-nucleate (B) Spermatogenesis does not occur (C) Semen is without sperms (D) Sperms are non-motile TOPIC 2: The Female Reproductive System 39. The female reproductive system includes a. Primary sex organ b. Accessory duct c. Accessory glands d. External genitalia (A) a, b and d (B) a, c and d (C) a and d only (D) a, b, c and d 40. The function of ovary is a. To produce female gamete. b. To provide the site for fertilisation c. To provide the site for implantation d. To produce several steroid hormones (A) a and b (B) a, b and d (C) a, b and c (D) a and d 41. The ovaries are located one on each side of the lower abdomen and is connected to the pelvic wall and uterus by (A) Ligaments (B) Tendons (C) Loose connective tissue (D) Dense irregular connective tissue 42. Match the columns I and II, and choose the correct combination from the options given. Column I Column II (Structure) (Shape) a. Testis 1 Spherical b, Infundibulum 2. Oval c. Uterus 3. Finger-like d. Fimbriae 4. Funnel shaped e. Clitoris 5. Inverted pear like (A) a—2, b—5, c—1, d—3, e—4 (B) a—1, b—4, c—5, d—2, e—3 (C) a—2, b-4; c—5, d—3, e—3 (D) a— 1, b-4, c—5, d—3, e—3 43. The female sex accessory ducts include a. Fallopian tubes (oviducts) b. Vagina c. Hymen d. Clitoris e. Uterus f. Monspubis (A) a, b, c and d (B) a, b, c, and e (C) b, c, d and f (D) a, b and e 44. In the given figure, structure 'a' represents (A) External intercostal muscle (B) Internal intercostal muscle (C) Pectoralis minor muscle (D) Pectoralis major muscle 4  Human Reproduction 45. The part of the fallopian tube which is closer to the ovary possess finger like projections called (A) Infundibulum (B) Isthmus (C) Ampulla (D) Fimbriae 46. The last part of the oviduct that joins the uterus is called (A) Infundibulum (B) Isthmus (C) Ampulla (D) Fimbriae 47. Womb is the another name of (A) Vagina (B) Cervix (C) Oviduct (D) Uterus 48. The uterus open into vagina through a narrow (A) Clitoris (B) Hymen (C) Cervix (D) Pelvis 49. Birth canal is formed by (A) Uterus along with vagina (B) Uterus along with cervix (C) Cervical canal along with vagina (D) Uterus, cervix and vagina 50. The female external genitalia includes a. Monspubis b. Labiamajora c. Labiaminora d. Hymen e. Clitoris f. Vagina (A) a, b and c (B) d, e and f (C) a, b, c and f (D) a, b, c, d and e 51. Read the following statements and find out the incorrect statements. a. Mons pubis is a cushion of fatty tissue covered by skin and pubic hair. b. The labia minora are fleshy folds of tissue, which extend down from the mons pubis and surround the vaginal opening. c. The opening of the vagina is often covered partially by a membrane called hymen. d. The clitoris lies at the upper junction of two labia majora above the urethral opening. e. The presence or absence of hymen is a reliable indicator of virginity or sexual experience. (A) b, d and e (B) b, c and d (C) b, c and d (D) a, c and e 52. The hymen can be torn by a. First coitus (intercourse) b. Sudden fall or jolt c. Insertion of vaginal tampon d. Active participation in cycling and horseback riding (A) a, b and c (B) b, c and d (C) a, b and d (D) a, b, c and d 53. A functional mammary gland is characteristic of all (A) Female vertebrates (B) Female mammals (C) Female primates (D) Female animals 54. The mammary glands are paired structure (breasts) that contain glandular tissue and variable amount of fat. The glandular tissue of breast is divided into (A) 10-12 mammary lobes (B) 12-16 mammary tubules (C) 15-20 mammary alveoli (D) 15-20 mammary lobes 55. Recognise the figure and find out the correct matching. (A) c—infundibulum, b—ampulla, a— isthmus, d—fim-briae (B) a—infundibulum, b—ampulla, c— isthmus, d—fim-briae (C) b—infundibulum, a—ampulla, d— isthmus, c—fim-briae (D) c—infundibulum, a—ampulla, b— isthmus, d—fim-briae 5  Human Reproduction 56. The cells of the mammary gland that secrete and store milk are called (A) Alveoli (B) Ampulle (C) Neurons (D) Nephrons 57. From the mammary gland, the milk is sucked out through (A) Mammary duct (B) Mammary tubule (C) Mammary ampulla (D) Lactiferous duct 58. In breast, the mammary alveoli open into the (A) Mammary duct (B) Mammary tubule (C) Mammary ampulla (D) Lactiferous duct 59. Match the columns I and II, and choose the correct combination from the options given. Column I Column II a. Length of teslis 1. 2-3 cm b. Width of testis 2 2-4 cm c. Length of ovary 3. 4-5 cm d. Length of oviduct 4. 10-12 cm (A) d—1, a—2, b—3, c—4 (B) c— l, b—2, a—3, d—4 (C) b—1, c—2, a—3, d—4 (D) b—1, a—2, c—3, d—4 60. The tubules of each lobe join to form a (A) Mammary duct (B) Mammaiy tubule (C) Mammary ampulla (D) Lactiferous duct 61. Bartholin's glands occur in (A) Females and help in vestibular lubrication (B) Females and produce estrogen for regulating secondary sexual characters (C) Males and form liquid part of spermatic fluid (D) Males and produce alkaline fluid for neutralising urethral acidity 62. Cervix occurs in (A) Kidney (B) Fallopian tube (C) Between uterus and vagina (D) Epididymis 63. Accessory glands associated with genital organs of female are (A) Vestibular or Bartholin's (B) Cowper's (C) Ampullary (D) Vesicular (A) a,b (B) a only (C) b, c (D) d only 64. Recognise the figure and find out the correct matching. (A) d—vagina, c—cervix, b—urinary bladder, a—uterus, e—urethra (B) c—vagina, d—cervix, a—urinary bladder, b—uterus, e—urethra (C) e—vagina, b—cervix, c—urinary bladder, d—uterus, a—urethra (D) d—vagina, c—cervix, a—urinary bladder, b—uterus, e—urethra 65. Bartholin's glands are situated (A) On the side of head of some amphibians (B) At the reduced tail end of birds (C) On either side of vagina in humans (D) On either side of vas deferens in humans 66. Mammary glands are modification of (A) Sebaceous glands (B) Sweat glands (C) Meibomian glands (D) None of the above 6  Human Reproduction TOPIC 3: Gametogenesis 67. A large number of primary follicles degenerate during the phase from birth to puberty. Therefore, at puberty each ovary has about (A) 1 million primary follicles (B) A couple of million primary follicles (C) 60,000-80,000 primary follicles (D) 1,20,000-1,60,000 primary follicles 68. The first meiotic division during oogenesis is completed at the stage of (A) Primary oocyte within primary follicle (B) Primary oocyte within secondary follicle (C) Primary oocyte within tertiary follicle (D) Secondary oocyte within tertiary follicle 69. Recognise the figure and find out the correct matching. (A) a—spermatozoa, b—spermatid, c—primary sper- matocyte, d—secondary spennatocyte, e—sper- matogonia, f—Sertoli cell (B) a—spermatozoa, b—spermatid, d—primary spermatocyte, c—secondary spermatocyte, f—sper- matogonia, e—Sertoli cell (C) b—spermatozoa, a—spermatid, c—primary sper- matocyte, d—secondary spermatocyte, e—sper- matogonia, f—Sertoli cell (D) b—spermatozoa, a—spermatid, d—primary spermatocyte, c—secondary spermatocyte, f—sper- matogonia, e—Sertoli cell 70. The primary sex organs in males and females, respectively, are (A) Testis and ovary (B) Penis and vagina (C) Scrotum and mammary gland (D) Testis and uterus 71. The process of spermatogenesis and oogenesis is started respectively at (A) Puberty and puberty (B) Puberty and menopause (C) Embryonic stage and menarche (D) Puberty and embryonic stage 72. Spermatogenesis starts at the age of puberty due to significant increase in the secretion of (A) Somatostatin from hypothalamus (B) GnRH from hypothalamus (C) GnRH from anterior pituitary gland (D) GnRH from posterior pituitary gland 73. Recognise the figure and find out the correct matching. (A) a—anterior pituitary, b—Sertoli cell, c—Leydig cell, d— spermiogenesis, e—spermatogenesis (B) a—posterior pituitary, b—Leydig cell, c—Sertoli cell, d— spermiogenesis, e—spermatogenesis (C) a—anterior pituitary, b—Leydig cell, c—Sertoli cell, d— spermatogenesis, e—spermiogenesis (D) a—anterior pituitary, b—Leydig cell, c—Sertoli cell, d— spermiogenesis, e—spermatogenesis 74. Which of the following produces energy for the movement of tail that facilitate sperm motility essential for fertilisation? (A) Acrosome (B) Mitochondria (C) Nucleus (D) Head 75. During coitus, the human male ejaculates about (A) 200 to 400 million sperms (B) 100 to 200 million sperms (C) 200 to 300 million sperms (D) 200 to 300 billion sperms 76. Number of autosomes in human primary spennatocyte is (A) 22 (B) 23 (C) 44 (D) 46 7  Human Reproduction 77. Primary spermatocyte differs from spermatogonium in (A) Size and volume (B) Size of chromosomes (C) DNA content (D) Number of chromosomes 78. In spermatogenesis, reduction division of chromosomes occurs during conversion of (A) Primary spermatocytes to secondary spermatocytes (B) Spermatogonia to primary spermatocytes (C) Spermatids to sperms (D) Secondary spermatocytes to spermatids 79. Recognise the figure and find out the correct matching. (A) a—primary oocyte, b—secondary oocyte, c— ovum, d—second meiotic division, e—first meiotic division (B) a—primary oocyte; b—secondary oocyte, c— ovum, d—first meiotic division, e—mitosis differentiation (C) a—primary oocyte, b—secondary oocyte, c— polar body, d—second meiotic division, d— first meiotic division (D) a—first polar body, b—second polar body, c— ovum, d—first meiotic division, e—mitosis differentiation 80. The cavity contained in Graafian follicle is (A) Antrum (B) Centrocoel (C) Blastocoel (D) Archenteron 81. An egg is released and fertilised by sperm at which stage (A) Primary oocyte (B) Secondary oocyte (C) Oogonium (D) Ovum 82. Germ cells in female gonad and male gonad begin undergoing meiosis simultaneously. What will be ratio of ova and sperms produced? (A) 1 : 1 (B) 1 :2 (C) 1:4 (D) 2 : 1 83. Movement of sperm is by (A) Head (B) Acrosome (C) Middle piece (D) Tail/flagellum 84. Function of Sertoli cells is controlled by (A) Estrogen (B) FSH (C) Testosterone (D) ACTH 85. Proximal centriole of sperm is found in (A) Head (B) Neck (C) Middle piece (D)Tail 86. Release of second polar body from human egg occurs (A) After entry of sperm (B) After fertilization (C) Before sperm entry (D) With no relation to sperm entry 87. Polar body is produced during the formation of (A) Sperm (B) Secondary oocyte (C) Oogonium (D) Spermatocytes 88. Spermatogonia develop through division (A) Amitosis (B) Mitosis (C) Meiosis I (D) Meiosis II 89. A cross section at midpoint of the middle piece of human sperm will show (A) Centriole, mitochondria, 9+2 arrangement of micro-tubules (B) Centriole and mitochondria (C) Mitochondria and 9+2 arrangement of microfubules (D) 9+2 arrangement of microtubules only 8  Human Reproduction 90. Recognise the figure and find out the correct matching. (A) d—mitosis differentiation, a—first meiotic division, b—second meiotic division, c—differentiation (B) a—mitosis differentiation, b—first meiotic division, c—second meiotic division, d—differentiation (C) c—mitosis differentiation, a—first meiotic division, b—second meiotic division, d—differentiation (D) d—mitosis differentiation, c—first meiotic division, a—second meiotic division, b—differentiation 91. Spermiogenesis/spermateleosis is formation of spermatozoa from (A) Primary spermatocyte (B) Secondary spermatocyte (C) Spermatids (D) Germinal cells of testes 92. Gametes are formed in animals from (A) Muscular tissue (B) Nervous tissue (C) Connective tissue (D) Epithelial tissue 93. Which is wrong about oogenesis? (A) Unequal meiotic division (B) Growth phase (C) Formation of polar bodies (D) Equal meiotic division 94. In spermatogenesis, the phase of maturation involves (A) Growth of spermatogonia into spermatocytes (B) Formation of spermatogonia from gonocytes through mitosis (C) Formation of spermatogonia from primary spermatocytes through meiosis (D) Formation of oogonia from spermatocytes through meiosis. 95. Chromosome number is halved during (A) Formation of first polar body (B) Formation of second polar body (C) Meiosis II (D) Division of secondary oocyte 96. Atretic follicles occur in (A) Ovary (B) Thymus (C) Testis (D) Liver 97. Number of chromosomes in secondary oocyte stage in humans is (A) 23 (B) 46 (C) 18 (D) 20 98. Which is absent in human sperm? (A) Nucleus (B) Mitochondria (C) Centriole (D) Endoplasmic reticulum 99. Graafian follicle contains (A) Manyoocytes (B) Many sperms (C) A single oocyte (D) Site for egg fertilisation 100. Estrogen is secreted by (A) Copus luteum (B) Membranous granulosa of Graafian follicle (C) Germinal epithelium of ovary (D) Pituitary 9  Human Reproduction 101. Recognise the figure and find out the correct match (A) c—plasma membrane, b—acrosome, a—nucleus, d—mitochondria (B) a—plasma membrane, b—acrosome, d—nucleus, c—mitochondria (C) a—plasma membrane, d—acrosome, c—nucleus, b—mitochondria (D) c—plasma membrane, a—acrosome, b—nucleus, d—mitochondria 102. 50 secondary oocytes in female and 50 secondary spermatocytes in male give rise to (A) 50 ova and 100 sperms (B) 100 ova and 200 sperms (C) 200 ova and 50 sperms (D) 100 ova and 100 sperms 103. In a mammalian sperm, spirally arraged miochondria around an axial filament occurs in (A) Middle piece (B) Head (C) End piece of tail (D) Principal p. :u of tail 104. The head of mature mammalian sperm is made of (A) An acrosome (B) Elongated nucleus covered by acroscsne (C) Two centrioles and an axial filament (D) Nucleus, acrosome, cytoplasm and mitochondrial sheath 105. Human sperm was discovered by (A) Leeuwenhoek (B) Aristotle (C) Graaf (D) Pander 106. What is the total number of polar bodies famed during oogenesis in the ovary? (A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) 2 TOPIC 4: Menstrual Cycle 107. Menstrual cycle is characteristic of all female (A) Man, apes and monkeys (B) Mammals (C) Primates (D) Both A and C 108. The cycle of events starting from one menstruation till the next one is called (A) Pregnancy (B) Parturition (C) Implantation (D) Menstrual cycle 109. Lack of menstruation may be due to the (A) Pregnancy (B) Stress (C) Poor health (D) All of the above 110. The correct sequence of phases in the menstrual cycle is (A) Menstrual phase, follicular phase and luteal phase (B) Menstrual phase, luteal phase and follicular phase (C) Menstrual phase, proliferative phase and secretory phase (D) Both A and C 111. The main cause of the disintegration of the endometrial lining (A) LH surge (B) Degeneration of corpus luteum (C) Ovulation during mid-cycle (D) Implantation leads to pregnancy 10  Human Reproduction 112. Recognise the figure and find out the correct matching. (A) a—LH, b—FSH, c—estrogen, d— Progesterone (B) b—LH, a—FSH, c—estrogen, d— progesterone (C) c—LH, d—FSH, a—estrogen, b— progesterone (D) d—LH, c—FSH, b—estrogen, a— progesterone 113. In mammals, the onset of pregnancy causes (A) Secretion of festosterone (B) Degeneration of ovary (C) Inhibition of further ovulation (D) Inhibition of fertilization 114. Which is correct? (A) Menstrual cycle is present in all mammals (B) Menstrual cycle is present in all primates (C) Estrous cycle occurs in all mammals (D) Most mammals are oviparous 115. Egg is liberated from ovary in (A) Secondary oocyte stage (B) Primary oocyte stage (C) Oogonial stage (D) Mature ovum stage 116. In 28 days human ovarian cycle, ovulation occurs on (A) Day 1 (B) Day 5 (C) Day 14 (D) Day 28 117. In case of non-fertilization, corpus luteum (A) Stops secreting progesterone (B) Changes to corpus albicans (C) Starts producing progesterone (D) None of the above 118. Immediately after ovulation, the mammalian egg is covered by a membrane called (A) Chorion (B) Zona pellucida (C) Corona radiata (D) Vitelline membrane 119. Number of eggs released in the life time of a women is approximately (A) 40 (B) 400 (C) 4000 (D) 20000 120. Secretion of progesterone by corpus luteum is initiated by: (A) MSH (B) LH (C) Testosterone (D) Thyroxine 121. Graaflan follicle of ovary secretes (A) Estrogen (B) Relaxin (C) Progesterone , (D) Cortisone 122. Release of oocytes/ova from ovary is (A) Gestation (B) Ovulation (C) Parturition (D) Implantation 123. The process of formation of ova is called: (A) Ovulation (B) Oogenesis (C) Oviparity (D) Oviposition 124. Human female reaches menopause at the age of about: (A) 25 years (B) 35 years (C) 50 years (D) 70 years 125. Phase of menstrual cycle when ovulation occurs is : (A) Luteal (B) Menstrual (C) Proliferative (D) Secretory 11  Human Reproduction 126. Oocyte is liberated from ovary under the influence of LH, after completing (A) Meiosis and before liberating polar bodies (B) Meiosis I and before liberating polar bodies (C) Meiosis I before completion of meiosis II (D) Meiosis I after release of polar body 127. Corpus luteum occurs in (A) Uterus (B) Oviduct (C) Ovary (D) Vagina 128. Hormone responsible for ovulation and development of corpus luteum is (A) FSH (B) LH (C) LTH (D) ICSH 129. Hormone controlling human menstrual cycle is: (A) Estrogen (B) FSH (C) LH (D) All of the above 130. Which is incorrect for human female? (A) Menstrual cycle takes 28 days (B) Menopause occurs at 45-55 years (C) Ovulated egg released during pregnancy die (D) Menstruation takes 4 days 131. Both corpus lutea and macula lutea are (A) Found in human ovaries (B) Source of hormones (C) Characterised by yellow colour (D) Contributory in maintaining pregnancy 132. Phase of menstrual cycle in human that lasts for 7-8 days is (A) Follicular phase (B) Ovuiatory phase (C) Luteal phase (D) Menstruation 133. Which of the following does not occur between 15-28 days of menstrual cycle? (A) Premenstrual phase (B) Luteal phase (C) Secretory phase (D) Proliferative phase 134. Correct sequence of hormone secretion from beginning of menstruation is (A) FSH, progesterone, estrogen (B) Estrogen, FSH, progesterone (C) FSH, estrogen, progesterone (D) Estrogen, progesterone, FSH 135. Match the column. Column-I Column-II (A) FSH 1. Prepare endometrium for implantation (B) LH 2. Develops female secondary sexual characters (C) Progesterone 3. Contraction of uterine wall (A) Estrogen 4. Development of corpus luteum 5. Maturation of Graafian follicle (A) (a)—5, (b)—4, (c)—l, (d)—2 (B) (a)—4, (b)—5, (c)—2, (d)—1 (C) (a)—4, (b)—3, (c)—2 , (d)—5 (D) (a)—5, (b)—1, (c)—2, (d)—4 136. In human female, ovulation occurs during menstrual cycle (A) At the end of proliferative phase (B) In the middle of secretory phase (C) Just before the end of secretory phase (D) In the beginning of proliferative phase 137. Which is correctly matched in a normal menstrual cycle? (A) Endometrium regenerates—5 to 10 days (B) Release of egg—5th day (C) Endometrium secretes nutrients for implantation —11 to 18 days (D) Rise in progesterone level—1 to 15 days 138. If mammalian ovum fails to get fertilized, which of the following is unlikely? (A) Coipus luteum will disintegrate (B) Primary follicle starts developing (C) Progesterone secretion rapidly declines (D) Estrogen secretion further decreases 139. At menopause there is rise in urinary excretion of : (A) FSH (B) STH (C) MSH (D) LH 12  Human Reproduction 140. Withdrawal of which hormone is the immediate cause of menstruation (A) Estrogen (B) FSH (C) FSH—RH (D) Progesterone 141. Which hormone level reaches peak during luteal phase of menstrual cycle? (A) Luteinising hormone (B) Progesterone (C) Follicle stimulating hormone (D) Estrogen 142. Disintegration of corpus luteum occurs due to inhibition of secretion of hormone (A) LTH (B) FSH (C) Progesterone (D) LH 143. Level of estrogen and progesterone are minimum at the time of (A) Follicular phase (B) Ovulation (C) Secretory phase (D) Onset of menstrual phase 144. Arrange the events in human female menstrual cycle a—Secretion of FSH, b—Growth of corpus luteum, c—Growth of follicle and oogenesis, d— Ovulation, e—Sudden increase in level of LH: (A) a-c-e-d-b (B) c-a-d-b-e (C) a-d-c-e-b (D) b-a-c-d-e 145. What is false? (A) Menarche is beginning of menstruation (B) Menstruation is shedding of endometrial lining (C) Menopause occurs in the beginning of puberty (D) Ovulation occurs under high litre of LH TOPIC 5: Fertilisation and Implantation 146. A temporary endocrine gland in humans is (A) Islets of Langerhans (B) Pineal body (C) Corpus luteum (D) Corpus allata 147. Fertilization membrane is formed to (A) Facilitate entry of sperm into egg (B) Provide stability to egg (C) Prevent monospermy (D) Prevent polyspermy 148. Fertilizin is (A) Phospholipid (B) Steroid (C) Carbohydrate (D) Glycoprotein 149. Sperm of animal species a cannot fertilise ovum of species b because (A) Fertilizin of a and b are not compatible (B) Antifertilizin of a and b are not compatible (C) Fertilizin of a and Anti fertilizin of b are not compatible (D) Anti fertilizin of a and fertilizin of b are not compatible 150. Recognise the figure and find out the correct matching. (A) a—cells of corona radiata, b—zona pellucida, c— perivitelline space (B) c—cells of corona radiata, a—zona pellucida, b— perivitelline space (C) b—cells of corona radiata, c—zona pellucida, a— perivitelline space (D) b—cells of corona radiata, a—zona pellucida, c— perivitelline space 151. Animals with cleidoic eggs show (A) External fertilization, internal development (B) Internal fertilization, internal development (C) External fertilization, external development (D) Internal fertilization, external development 13  Human Reproduction 152. Stage of embryo development at which implantation occurs in human female is (A) Morula (B) Zygote (C) Blastocyst (D) Neurula 153. In the absence of acrosome the sperm (A) Cannot penetrate the egg (B) Cannot get food (C) Cannot get energy (D) Cannot swim 154. Mammalian blastula is known as (A) Trophodenn (B) Blastocyst (C) Foetal blastula (D) Oedema 155. Sperms produce an enzymatic substance or lysin for dissolving egg coverings. It is called (A) Hyaluronic acid (B) Hyaluronidase (C) Androgamone (D) Permeasc 156. Hormone that prepares and maintains the uterus during pregnancy is produced by (A) Corpus albicans (B) Corpus luteum (C) Graafian follicles (D) Corpora cardiaca 157. Capacitation of sperms occurs in (A) Female genital tract (B) Vagina (C) Vas efferens (D) Vas deferens 158. Cytoplasm of ovum does not possess (A) Golgi complex (B) Mitochondria (C) Centrosome (D) Ribosomes 159. Which secretions are produced by spermatozoa at the time of fertilization? (A) Fertilizin and spermlysin (B) Only spermlysin (C) Fertilizin and antifertillizin (D) Antifertilizin and spermlysin. 160. Which chemical of the egg attracts and holds sperm? (A) Fertilizin (B) Antifertilizin (C) Agglutin (D) Antiagglutin 161. Fertilization was discovered by (A) Strasburger (B) Robert Brown (C) Lamarck (D) Darwin 162. Pregnancy begins with implantation of (A) Embryo (B) Fertilized ovum (C) Blastopore (D) Blastocyst 163. Grey crescent is the area (A) At the point of entry of sperm into ovum (B) At the animal pole (C) Just opposite the site of entry of sperm into ovum (D) At the vegetal pole 164. Sperm enters the egg from (A) Animal pole (B) Vegetal pole (C) Micropyle (D) Megapyle 165. A cell formed from cleavage is called (A) Blastomere (B) Blastopore (C) Blastula (D) Morula 166. Solid ball like structure formed after completion of cleavage is (A) Blastula (B) Morula (C) Gastrula (D) Neural plate 167. Recognise the figure and find out the correct matching. (A) a—morula, b—blastocyst (B) a—blastocyst, b—morula (C) a—blastocyst, b—gastrula (D) a—morula, b—gastrula 168. Thick/ follicular cells surrounding oocyte in Graffian follicle belong to (A) Zona pellucid (B) Corona radiata (C) Zona vesiculosa (D) Membrana granulosa. 14  Human Reproduction 169 Part of sperm that passes into ovurn is (A) Tai (B) Acrosome (C) Head (D) Head, neck and middle piece 170. Release of seminal fluid in the vagina of female is: (A) Ejaculation (B) Implantation (C) Insemination (D) Copulation 171. Site of fertilization in a mammal is (A) Ovaiy (B) Uterus (C) Vagina (D) Fallopian tube 172. Fertilised ovum is transplanted is uterus after: (A) 1 day (B) 7 days (C) 8 days (D) 10 days 173. Preparation of sperm before penetration of ovum is : (A) Spermiation (B) Coition (C) Insemination (D) Capacitation 174. Cleavage in the fertilised egg of humans (A) Starts in uterus (B) Is meroblastic (C) Starts when egg is in fallopian tube (D) Is discoidal 175. A change in ovum after penetration of sperm is (A) Formation of first polar body (B) Second meiosis (C) First meiosis (D) Formation of pronuclei 176. Fertilization is fusion of (A) Diploid spermatozoan with diploid ovum to form diploid zygote (B) Haploid spermatozoan with diploid ovum to form diploid zygote (C) Diploid spermatozoan with haploid ovum to form diploid zygote (D) Haploid spermatozoan with haploid ovum to form diploid zygote 177. Type of cleavage in an egg is determined by (A) Amount and distribution of yolk (B) Number of egg membranes (C) Size and location of nucleus (D) Shape and size of sperm 178. Extrusion of second polar body from egg nucleus occurs (A) After entry of sperm before completion of fertilization (B) After completion of fertilization (C) Before entry of sperm (D) Without any relation of sperm entry 179. Enzyme hyaluronidase is synthesised in (A) Head of sperm (B) Golgi bodies of acrosome (C) Lysosome of acrosome (D) Tail of sperm TOPIC 6: Pregnancy and Embryonic Development 180. Human placenta is formed by (A) Chorionic villi (B) Umbilical cord (C) Uterine tissue (D) Both A and C 181. The structural and functional unit between developing embryo (foetus) and maternal body is called (A) Parturition (B) Umbilical cord (C) Placenta (D) Chorionic villi 182. The gestation period in human is about (A) 9 months (B) 365 days (C) 265 days (D) Both A and C 183. Which is urinary bladder of child in womb? (A) Uterus (B) Liver (C) Allantois (D) Amnion 184. Vascular and excretory organs are formed from (A) Endoderm (B) Mesoderm (C) Ectoderm (D) Mesoendoderm 15  Human Reproduction 185. Fill in the blanks: 1. By the end of the...a... of pregnancy, the foetus develops limbs and digits. 2. By the end of...b..., the body is covered with fine hair, eye—lids separate and eyelashes are formed. 3. After...c... of pregnancy, the embryo's heart is formed. (A) a—first month, b—second month, c—first trimester (B) a—second month, b—first trimester, c—first month (C) a—second month, b—second trimester, c—first trimester (D) a—second month, b—second trimester, c—first month 186. Recognise the figure and find out the correct matching. (A) c—embryo, d—placental villi, a—yolk sac, b—um- bilical cord (B) c—embryo, a—placental villi, b—yolk sac, d—um- bilical cord (C) b—embryo, d—placental villi, a—yolk sac, c—um- bilical cord (D) c—embryo, a—placental villi, d—yolk sac, b—um- bilical cord 187. Fill in the blanks: a. Zygote divides to form...1... which is implanted to uterus. b. The structure which provides vascular connection between foetus and uterus is called..2.... Inner cell mass contains certain cells called...3... which have the potency to give rise to all the tissues and organs. c. By the end of...4..., most of the major organ systems are formed, for example, the limbs and external genital organs are well-developed. d. Immediately after implantation, the...5... differentiates into an outer layer called ectoderm and an inner layer called endoderm. (A) 1—morula, 2—umbilical cord, 3—trophoblast, 4— second trimester, 5—stem cells (B) 1—blastocyst, 2—placenta, 3—stem cells, 4—first trimester, 5—trophoblast (C) 1—blastocyst, 2—umbilical cord, 3—stem cells, 4—second trimesters, 5—inner cell mass (D) 1—blastocyst, 2—placenta, 3—stem cells, 4—first trimester, 5—inner cell mass. 188. In development, eustachian tube is (A) Ectodermal (B) Mesodermal (C) Endodermal (D) Both mesodermal and endodermal 189. Gonads/testes develop from embryonic (A) Ectoderm (B) Endoderm (C) Mesoderm (D) Both mesoderm and endoderm 190. Gastrula end stage is characterised by (A) End of Blastocoel (B) Blastopore (C) Formation of neural tube (D) End of archenteron 191. Termination of gastrulation is indicated by (A) Obliteration of blastocoels (B) Obliteration of archenteron (C) Closure of blastopore (D) Closure of neural tube 192. In mammals, the archenteron/primitive gut is lined with (A) Ectoderm (B) Mesoderm (C) Endodenn (D) Mesoderm and endoderm 16  Human Reproduction 193. Connective tissue is derived from (A) Epithelium (B) Ectoderm (C) All germinal layers (D) Mesoderm 194. Foetal membrane that provides the first blood corpuscle for circulation in embryo is (A) Trophoblast (B) Yolk sac (C) Amnion (D) Chorion 195. Which one is not formed from ectoderm? (A) Notochord (B) Epidermis (C) Internal ear (D) Branchial arches 196. When do the three germinal layers differentiate? (A) Blastula (B) Gastrula (C) Cleavage (D) Fertilization 197. Villi of human placenta develop from (A) Chorion (B) Allantois (C) Yolk sac (D) Both A and B 198. Correct sequence in development is (A) Fertilization Zygote Cleavage Morula Blastula Gastrula (B) Fertilization Zygote Blastula Morula Cleavage Gastrula (C) Fertilization Cleavage Morula Zygote Blastula Gastrula (D) Cleavage Zygote Fertilization Morula Blastula Gastrula 199. Eye develops from (A) Ectoderm (B) Mesoderm (C) Endoderm (D) Both A and B 200. Retina, eye lens, brain and skin are formed from (A) Mesoderm (B) Ectoderm (C) Endoderm (D) Both ectoderm and endoderm 201. Amniotic fluid protects the foetus from (A) Shock (B) Encystment (C) Degeneration (D) Disease 202. Intestine develops from (A) Ectoderm (B) Endoderm (C) Mesoderm (D) Pharyngeal pouch 203. Germinal layer formed from trophoblast of mammalian blastocyst is (A) Ectoderm (B) Endoderm (C) Mesoderm (D) None of these 204. Which one develops from endoderm? (A) Nervous system, urinary bladder and eye (B) Liver, connective tissue and heart (C) Thymus, spinal cord and brain (D) Liver, pancreas and thymus/thyroid 205. In higher animals blastopore generally forms: (A) Anus (B) Mouth (C) Liver (D) Gut 206. In deuterostomes second opening forms : (A) Anus (B) Mouth (C) Nose (D) Both A and B 207. Cavity of gastrula is (A) Coelom (B) Blastocoel (C) Archenteron (D) Chorion 208. Gastrulation comprises (A) Morphogenetic movements (B) Differentiation of archenteron (C) Differentiation of three germ layers (D) All of the above 209. Inhibin is produced by (A) Corpus luteum (B) Testis (C) Placenta (D) All of the above 210. Ectoderm forms (A) Sweat glands (B) Nervous system (C) Cornea of eye (D) All of the above 17  Human Reproduction 211. Extra structure that provides nutrition to embryo is : (A) Umbilicus (B) Amnion (C) Chorion (D) Placenta 212. Which are derivatives of endoderm? (A) Muscles and blood (B) Alimentary canal and respiratory organs (C) Excretory and reproductive organs (D) Skin and nerve cord 213. Attachment of foetus to placenta occurs through : (A) Chorda mesoderm (B) Spinal cord (C) Umbilical cord (D) Ndtochord 214. Mesoderm is formed through invagination of : (A) Ectoderm (B) Endoderm (C) Inner mass of cells (D) Primitive streak 215. Which hormones is produced in women during pregnancy? (A) Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (B) Relaxin (C) Human placental lactogen (hPL) (D) All of the above 216. Correct sequence of human embryonic development is (A) Gastrocoel—Blastocoel—Neural Crest—Notochord (B) Gastrocoel—Blastocoel—Notochord—Neural Crest (C) Blastocoel—Neural Crest — Gastrocoel — Notochord (D) Blastocoel — Gastrocoel—Neural Crest —Notochord TOPIC 7: Parturition and Lactation 217. Read the following statements and find out the incorrect statements. (a) Androgens are produced by Sertoli cells (b) Spermatozoa get nutrition from Sertoli cells (c) Leydig cells are found in ovary (d) Leydig cells synthesise androgens (e) Oogenesis takes place in corpus luteum (f) Menstrual cycle ceases during pregnancy (g) Presence or absence of hymen is not a reliable indicator of virginity or sexual experience (A) a, c and e (B) b, d, f and g (C) a, b, c and e (D) a, c e and g 218. Match the columns: Column I Column-II a. Parturition p. Attachment of zygote to endometrium b. Gestation q. Release of egg from Graafian follicle. c. Ovulation r. Delivery of baby form uterus d. Implantation e. Duration between pregnancy and birth e. Conception f. Formation of zygote by fusion of egg and sperm h. Stoppage of ovulation and menstruation (A) a— q, b—s, c—p, d—t, e—r (B) a— r, b—r, c—p, d—t, e—q (C) a— r, b—s, c—q, d—p, e—t (D) a— r, b—s, c—q, d—p, e—t 219. The mammary glands of the female undergo differentiation during pregnancy and starts producing milk towards the end of pregnancy by the process called (A) Parturition (B) Gestation (C) Lactation (D) Colostrum 220. Thick yellow, high protein fluid produced by mammary glands of a women during first 2-3 days after child birth is (A) Meconium (B) Hymen (C) Cumulus oophoras (D) Colostrum 221. Delivery of developed foetus is (A) Ovulation (B) Oviposition (C) Parturition (D) Abortion 18  Human Reproduction 222. Match the columns: Column-I Column-I (a) Hyaluronidase (i) Acrosomal reaction (b) Corpus luteum (ii) Morphogenetic movements (c) Gastrulation (iii) Progesterone (d) Capacitation (iv) Mammary glands (e) Colostrum (v) Sperm activation (A) a—v , b —ii, c—iv, d—i, e—iii (B) a—i, b —iii, c—ii, d—v, e—iv (C) a—iii, b —ii, c—v, d—iv, e—i (D) a—iv , b —ii, c—v, d—iii, e—i 223. Match the columns and find the correct combination: Column-I Column-II a. pothalamus 1. Sperm lysins b. Acrosome 2. Estrogen c. Graafian follicle 3. Relaxin d. Leydig cells 4. GnRH e. Parturition 5. Testosterone (A) a—2, b—1, c—4, d—3 , e—5 (B) a—4, b—1, c—2, d—5 , e—3 (C) a—2, b—1, c—5, d-4 , e—3 (D) a—4, b— 1, c—2, d—3 , e—5 224. Match the columns: Column-I Column-II a. Oxytocin p. Stimulates ovulation b. Prolactin q. Implantation and maintenance of pregnancy c. Luteinising hormone r. Lactatior after child birth e. Progesterone s. Uterine contraction during labour t. Reabsorption of water by nephrons (A) a— s, b—r, c—p, d—q (B) a— s, b—r, c—p, d—s (C) a— s, b—q, c—r, d—t (D) a— t, b—p, c—s, d—r 19  Human Reproduction ANSWERS KEY 1C 2D 3B 4A 5D 6B 7A 8A 9C 10D 11A 12B 13D 14D 15C 16D 17D 18C 19A 20B 21A 22B 23D 24D 25A 26A 27D 28B 29B 30B 31D 32A 33D 34C 35C 36D 37C 38C 39D 40D 41A 42C 43D 44D 45D 46B 47D 48C 49C 50D 51A 52D 53B 54D 55A 56A 57D 58B 59C 60A 61A 62C 63B 64A 65C 66B 67C 68C 69B 70A 71D 72B 73C 74B 75C 76C 77A 78A 79B 80A 81B 82C 83D 84B 85B 86A 87B 88B 89C 90B 91C 92D 93D 94A 95A 96A 97A 98D 99C 100B 101D 102A 103A 104B 105A 106B 107D 108D 109D 110D 111B 112A 113C 114B 115A 116C 117B 118B 119B 120B 121A 122B 123B 124C 125C 126D 127C 128B 129D 130C 131C 132A 133D 134C 135A 136A 137A 138B 139A 140D 141B 142D 143D 144A 145C 146C 147D 148D 149D 150D 151D 152C 153A 154B 155B 156B 157A 158C 159D 160A 161A 162D 163C 164A 165A 166B 167A 168B 169D 170C 171D 172B 173D 174C 175B 176D 177A 178A 179B 180D 181C 182D 183D 184A 185D 186C 187B 188C 189Q 190C 191A 192C 193D 194B 195A 196B 197A 198A 199D 200B 201A 202B 203D 204D 205A 206B 207C 208D 209D 210D 211D 212B 213C 214D 215D 216D 217A 218D 219C 220B 221D 222B 223C 224A 20