The Ottoman Empire 1300-1900 PDF

The Ottoman Empire 1300-1900 What do you know about the Ottoman Empire? CLASS AGENDA for November 27, 2023 1. Warm-up Question responses 2. Learning Objective: SWBAT understand how Islam grew its power, and how the Ottomans rose to power 3. Essential Question: How did the Ottomans rise to the top...

The Ottoman Empire 1300-1900 What do you know about the Ottoman Empire? CLASS AGENDA for November 27, 2023 1. Warm-up Question responses 2. Learning Objective: SWBAT understand how Islam grew its power, and how the Ottomans rose to power 3. Essential Question: How did the Ottomans rise to the top of power in Islamic countries? 4. Meme & Thought of the Day 5. Academic Vocabulary, definitions, Discussion 6. HOMEWORK: Textbook reading pp. 73-81, the Ottoman Empire and the assessment (1-8) 7. Exit ticket The Islamic Empire grew after the death of Muhammad under different leaders creating several dynasties - Numerous leaders expanded the boundaries of Islam from Middle East to Africa to Spain - By the 1300s a new leader rose above the others: Osman The Ottoman Turks came from nomadic Turkish tribes in Asia from Anatolia. Osman created the Ottoman Empire. - The Ottomans ruled for more than 600 years, from about 1300-1900 - They were one of the great empires of the world. They controlled and expanded into much of the former Byzantine Empire in southeastern Europe and the Middle East Osman established the original ‘Ottoman State’ from ~1300-1326 - Orkhan I (c. 1281-1362) was the first to adopt the title of Sultan - Adrianople fell to the Turks 1361 A secret to their success was that they treated people well and improved lives of peasants Most Muslims served in army and did NOT have to pay taxes Non-Muslims didn’t have to serve but had to pay a tax. They were not forced to convert Timur the Lame; He interrupted Islamic expansion - He burned Baghdad to the ground, defeated the Ottomans in Ankara in 1402 halted Ottoman expansion Devshirme; The army drafted boys from conquered Christian territories and educated them, converted them to Islam, and trained them as soldiers. Mehmed II captured Constantinople in 1453 at the age of 21 - The Population of the city plummeted from 1 million to 50,000 - Constantinople became Istanbul and became an inclusive city of religion - The Ottomans encroached on the eastern boundaries of Christendom and Europe Selim the Grim; came to power in 1512 captured the Holy cities of Islam of Mecca and Medina, - In 1514, he defeated the Safavids of Persia at the Battle of Chaldiran. - He captured Syria, Palestine, and North Africa where he captured Cairo, the intellectual center of the Muslim world. The Ottoman Empire Reaches its Limit under Suleyman the Lawgiver (r. 1520-1566) - Suleyman the Magnificent in the West - He created a law code against corruption and bribery - Imprisonment was not allowed without a trial - Promotions were based on merit and he introduced the idea of a balanced budget. Suleyman created a highly Structured Social Organization He simplified taxation and reduced government bureaucracy. The Sultan had 20,000 personal slaves for the palace and were part of devshirme. The Janissaries were an elite fighting force of 30,000 soldiers; they were trained and loyal to the sultan only. - They were the heart of the Ottoman war machine. The Ottomans granted freedom of religious worship, particularly to Christians and Jews. - It kept religious conflict to a minimum. - Suleyman was also a great patron of the arts He studied poetry, history, geography, astronomy, mathematics, and architecture. He created the Mosque of Suleyman. A domed complex with four schools, a library, a bath, and a hospital. Art and literature flourished under his rule. A period akin to the European Renaissance. - Their works used foreign influences to express Ottoman ideas in the Turkish style. Cultural blending at it height. Suleyman, however, also set a brutal pattern for later sultans to hold power. - Each new sultan would have his brothers strangled, then keep his sons prisoner, cutting them off from the world. This produced a long line of weak sultans and eventually brought an end to the Ottoman Empire in 1918.