Computer Components & Structure PDF

18/01/2025, 16:07 1.1 Components of a computer and their uses | Knowt 1.1.1 Structure and Function of the processor Arithmetic Logic Unit, completes arithmetic and ALU...

18/01/2025, 16:07 1.1 Components of a computer and their uses | Knowt 1.1.1 Structure and Function of the processor Arithmetic Logic Unit, completes arithmetic and ALU logical operations Controls operations of CPU, including flow of Control unit data between CPU and other devices and decoding and accepting instructions Small memory cells that operate at a very high Registers speed, temporarily store data Program Counter, holds address of next PC instruction to be executed ACC Accumulator, stores results from calculations Memory Address Register, stores address of MAR location to be read from or written to Memory Data Register, temporarily stores data MDR that has been read or data to be written Current Instruction Register, holds current CIR instruction being executed divided into opcode and operand Set of parallel wires which connect 2 or more Buses components inside the CPU Types of bus Data bus, control bus, address bus Bi-directional bus, used to transport data and Data Bus instructions between components. Used to transmit memory addresses specifying Address Bus where data is to be sent or retrieved from. Used to transmit control signals between Control Bus internal and external components. https://knowt.com/folder/e4728f8b-e5f5-4eb7-9353-3fed5b1bc543 1/2 18/01/2025, 16:07 1.1 Components of a computer and their uses | Knowt How is assembly code divided Operand and opcode Operand Address of the data of the operation Opcode Type of instruction to be executed FDE cycle Fetch, Decode, execute Address from PC copied to MAR, instruction Fetch phase: held is copied to MDR, PC increased by 1, MDR copied to CIR Contents of CIR are split into operand and Decode Phase: opcode Execute phase: Decoded instruction is executed Clock speed, number of cores, amount and type Factors that affect CPU performance of cache memory Quicker execution, memories can be different Harvard architecture sizes Cheaper to develop, programs can be optimised Von Neumann architecture in size Combination of Von Neumann and Harvard architecture, so Neumann is used when working Contemporary Processing with data and instructions and Harvard is used to divide the cache into instructions and data https://knowt.com/folder/e4728f8b-e5f5-4eb7-9353-3fed5b1bc543 2/2