TLE 8: Tools, Equipment, and Paraphernalia (2022-2023) PDF

TLE 8 Quarter 1 – Module 1 Use Tools, Equipment, and Paraphernalia Mary Apple M. Valenzona TLE-8 Teacher Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy...

TLE 8 Quarter 1 – Module 1 Use Tools, Equipment, and Paraphernalia Mary Apple M. Valenzona TLE-8 Teacher Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 1 Lesson 1 Use Tools, Equipment, and Paraphernalia Learning Outcomes: At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following:  Identify caregiving tools, equipment, and paraphernalia applicable to specific job  Use caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia properly Performance Standards  Tools and equipment are cleaned immediately after use in line with farm procedures.  Routine check-up and maintenance are performed. What’s New Definition of Terms Bulb – a rubber which is squeezed to inflate the cuff Carafe – a glass pot with a pouring spout Caregiver – a worker who is qualified to provide personal care independently or with minimal supervision, to children, elderly or people with special needs (disabilities) Chestpiece – also called the head, contains the diaphragm or bell that vibrates with sound Child – an individual with age ranging from 0-13 years old Countertop – a flat surface on top of a cabinet or display case as in a kitchen Cuff – a fabric that is wrapped around a patient’s arm Ear Tubes – attach the earpieces to the main body of the stethoscope Earpieces – part of the stethoscope which are placed into the ears and transmit sounds directly into them Elderly – an individual with age ranging from sixty (60) years old and above Emulsify – the process of combining two liquids that do not normally mix easily Infant – an individual with age ranging from 0- 12 months (1 yr. old) Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 2 Lever – a projecting handle used to adjust or operate a function People with special needs (Disabilities) – person incapable of performing specific tasks either physically, mentally, and/or behaviorally. Rectum – the end part of the large intestine Reservoir – a receptacle for storing fluid Suction – a force that causes a fluid or solid to be drawn into an interior space or to stick on to a surface because of the difference between the external and internal pressures. Toddlers – individuals with age ranging from 1-3 years old Tubing – also called acoustic tubes which connect two ear tubes to the chestpiece (diaphragm or bell) Valve – allows air in to inflate the cuff when the bulb is squeezed, then can be unscrewed to release the air and remove the cuff. Vessel – is a hollow container used to hold liquid Whip – is the process of striking something with continual, repetitive strokes Learning Outcome 1  Identify caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia applicable to the specific job Performance Standards 1. Equipment, tools, and paraphernalia are identified according to their types, functions and classifications. 2. Equipment, tools, and paraphernalia are determined based on the specified task. Materials  LCD projector or OHP  Computer desktop or laptop  Pictures of tools, equipment, and paraphernalia Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 3 What Do You Need To Know? Caregiving Tools, Equipment, and Paraphernalia One of the most important tasks of a caregiver is to make sure that he/she uses the right equipment, tool, or paraphernalia that is applicable to a specific job. You, as a future caregiver, therefore, should be well versed with the different tools and equipment that you will use when you are already in the health care profession. Tools, Equipment, and Paraphernalia Used in Meal Preparation Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 4 Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 5  Tools, Equipment, and Paraphernalia for Cleaning, Washing, and Ironing Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 6 Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 7 Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 8 Tools, Equipment, and Paraphernalia for Taking Vital Signs Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 9 Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 10 Learning Outcome 2  Use caregiving tools, equipment, and paraphernalia properly Performance Standards  Equipment, tools, and paraphernalia are used properly.  Equipment, tools, and paraphernalia are used based on the task requirement. Materials  LCD projector or OHP  Computer desktop or laptop  Pictures of tools, equipment, and paraphernalia  DVD player  Blender  Coffee maker  Electric can opener  Food processor  Microwave oven  Electric bottle sterilizer  Iron  Washing machine  Clinical thermometer  Digital thermometer  Ear digital thermometer  Infrared thermometer with laser pointer  Sphygmomanometer (mercurial and aneroid)  Stethoscope Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 11 What Do You Need To Know? Operating Caregiving Equipment, Tools and Paraphernalia Now that you have successfully identified the different equipment, tools, and paraphernalia used in providing health care, it is a must that you master the proper utilization of each. As an efficient and dependable caregiver, you must learn the procedures in operating them, since you will be expected to use them in your particular job. Common Equipment in Meal Preparation Blender 1. Choose a flat, dry surface on which to operate your blender. 2. Make sure that all the parts are placed in their appropriate places before operating. 3. Put the pitcher onto the base and plug the blender. 4. Place the ingredients in the pitcher and put the lid on firmly 5. Start operating by choosing the setting appropriate for the task you are going to do. 6. You may add food or ingredients through the secondary lid while the blender is running. 7. Clean the blender after use. Coffee Maker 1. Fill the carafe with water according to the number of cups of coffee you need to make. 2. Pour the water from the carafe into the reservoir of the coffee maker, and place the carafe back into position. 3. Place a coffee filter into the filter basket. The amount of coffee you'll need to add depends on how strong or weak your clients like it. Then, add the coffee into the filter using a spoon. 4. Turn on the coffee maker and wait for your coffee to brew. Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 12 Electric Can Opener 1. Plug the electric can opener into an outlet. 2. Lift up the lever that raises the cutting wheel into the air. Place the lip of the can under the wheel. Put the lever down and press hard enough so that the wheel gets into the can. 3. Turn on the opener while holding the bottom of the can and it will automatically turn as the wheel slices through the can. 4. Remove the can from the opener when it reaches the end and you feel a slight drop of the can. The lid will remain attached to the magnet on the opener and the can is ready to dump. 5. Unplug the opener from the outlet. Food Processor 1. Remove the food processor from its box container. 2. Place it on a stable, flat surface. 3. Plug it on the electrical outlet safely. 4. Remove the cover and put the food ingredients to be processed. 5. Put back the cover and turn on the processor to start with the procedure. 6. As soon as you have reached the desired size or texture for your food ingredients, remove the cover and pour the ingredients into your bowl or plate. 7. Unplug the food processor and clean it based on the manufacturer’s instructions. Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 13 Microwave Oven Microwave oven is a very useful tool specially during meal time, but you should exercise special care when using it to cook or reheat food to ensure that it is prepared safely. Microwave Oven Cooking  Position evenly the food items in a covered dish. You may add some liquid if necessary. Cover the dish with a lid or plastic wrap, but make sure not to cover it completely to let steam come out. The moist heat that is created will help destroy harmful bacteria and ensure uniform cooking.  It is better to cook large cuts of meat on medium power for longer periods than on high power. This way, heat reaches the center without overcooking outer areas.  Mix or rotate food midway through the microwaving time. This is important so as to eliminate cold spots where harmful bacteria can survive, and for more even cooking.  When partially cooking food in the microwave oven to finish cooking on the grill or in a conventional oven, it is important to transfer the microwaved food to the other heat source immediately. Never partially cook food and store it for later use.  Use a food thermometer or the oven's temperature probe to verify the food has reached a safe minimum internal temperature. Cooking times may vary because ovens vary in power and efficiency. Always allow standing time, which completes the cooking, before checking the internal temperature with a food thermometer. Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 14 Microwave Defrosting  Remove food from the package before defrosting. Do not use foam trays and plastic wraps because they are not heat stable at high temperatures. Melting or warping may cause harmful chemicals to migrate into food.  Immediately after defrosting meat and poultry in microwave oven, they should be cooked since some areas of the frozen food may begin to cook during the defrosting time. Bottle Sterilizer 1. Place the recommended amount of water as specified in the manufacturer’s instructional manual. Then, plug in the unit. 2. Place the bottle upside down (use the prongs to support them individually). Place the nipples, nipple rings and caps in such a way that they do not touch each other. Either prop them between the lower prongs, or place them on the supplied surface. 3. Cover the sterilizer and turn on the unit. Sterilization typically takes about 10 minutes with an automatic cycle that raises water temperature to a sufficient level to kill off any bacteria (212 degrees Fahrenheit). Once this cycle ends, the unit automatically begins to cool. Some models or units will not allow you to open the cover until the cooling cycle is completed. 4. Unplug the unit. 5. Remove the feeding bottles from the sterilizer. 6. Clean the sterilizer based on the manufacturer’s specifications. Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 15  Common Equipment in Cleaning, Laundry, and Ironing Flat Iron 1. Check the label of every garment before ironing. This is necessary as some fabrics need special care instructions. 2. Unfold your ironing board near the outlet. Plug in your iron and choose the appropriate setting based on the material of the clothes you are ironing. 3. Preheating the flat iron should be done before starting. You will have to wait about 2-5 minutes to let the iron warm up. 4. Stretch the garment across the ironing board to make sure it is flat. 5. Run the iron over one part of the garment such as the hem just to be sure that it is not too hot. 6. Move the iron over the pants, blouse, or shirt and take note of pleats and pockets. For the shirts, start with the collar next to the sleeves, and then the shirt itself. For pants and shorts, start with the inside then the outside of the pants starting from the waistband down. Generally, skirts and dresses are ironed from the top to the hem. If there are pleats, iron from the bottom and work upward with fast strokes. Each pleat should be pressed individually. Hang each garment that you have ironed to keep it from wrinkling again. 7. Unplug the iron and allow the unit to cool before storing it. Washing Machine 1. The very first step in washing is sorting the clothes of your client. Separate white and light- colored from dark-colored clothes. Also, they should be sorted according to their material. Wash clothes with heavy fabrics together and clothes with light fabrics together. 2. Put detergent into the washing machine. Let the detergent go to the bottom of the washing machine. 3. Put the clothes loosely into the washing machine. 4. Load the laundry as high as the manufacturer specifies or to the top row of holes in the tub Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 16  5. Close the lid and choose the setting of the washing machine according to what you are washing. 6. Turn on the machine. Let the unit work through all of the cycles. Wait for the machine to turn off before you unload the washed laundry. 7. Load the next batch of clothes and do steps 5 and 6 again until you are done with the laundry. 8. Turn off and unplug the unit. Common Equipment in Taking the Vital Signs When caring for an infant, toddler, child, elderly or person with special needs, measuring the vital signs is of utmost concern. This is also a concern of your client. Hence, he/she has the right to know her vital signs. This module will walk you through the basics of taking two of the important measurements. As you learn the different processes, you will also get your hands on the crucial pointers necessary in obtaining an accurate reading. But first, let us talk about vital signs. Vital signs are bodily functions that reflect the body’s state of health and are easily measurable: body temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. In some cases, the fifth vital sign is considered to be the pain that a person experiences. Thermometer Body temperature is a measurement of the amount of heat in the body. The balance between heat produced and heat lost is the body temperature. The normal adult body temperature is 37 degrees Celsius. There is a normal range in which a person’s body temperature may vary and still be considered normal. Take a look at these normal ranges of body temperature: Oral : 36.4 to 37.2 degrees Celsius Rectal : 37 to 37.8 degrees Celsius Axillary : 35.9 to 36.7 degrees Celsius Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 17 The following are the different types of thermometers: Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 18 Using a Digital Thermometer (rectum through the anus) 1. Wash your hands and take the thermometer out of its holder. 2. Clean the probe (pointed end) of the thermometer with rubbing alcohol or soap and then rinse it in cool water. 3. Put a probe cover over the pointed end of the thermometer. If your thermometer did not come with a probe cover then you can use it without one. 4. Lubricate the end of the probe with a small amount of lubricating jelly. 5. Place your child (taking the temperature through the rectum is usually done on children) on his stomach across a firm surface or your lap before taking his temperature. 6. Gently slide the probe of the thermometer into the rectum about a half inch. Stop inserting the thermometer if it becomes difficult to insert. Never force the thermometer into the rectum. 7. Continue to hold the thermometer the entire time you are taking the temperature. Always stay with your client while taking the temperature. 8. Keep the thermometer in place until it beeps then remove the thermometer 9. Read the numbers on the LCD. These numbers are your client's temperature. 10. If you used a probe cover, remove it and throw it away. 11. Wash the probe of the thermometer with soap, water and rubbing alcohol when you are done. Put the thermometer’s tip cover. Place the thermometer in its holder/container. 12. Record the reading 13. Wash your hands. Using a Digital Thermometer (mouth) 1. Wash your hands and take the thermometer from its holder. 2. Clean the probe (pointed end) of the thermometer with rubbing alcohol or soap and then rinse it in cool water. 3. Inform the client that you are going to take his temperature orally. 4. Ask the client to wet his/her lips and pick up his tongue. 5. Place the thermometer under the client’s tongue on one side of his/her mouth. Ask him/her to close his/her lips. (You may have to hold the thermometer specially if your client is sick and weak enough to even hold the thermometer with his/her lips.) 6. Leave the thermometer in place until the thermometer signals it is finished. When it beeps, it signifies that it can be removed. Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 19  7. Remove the thermometer carefully and read the temperature on the digital display. Clean the tip of the thermometer with a cotton ball soaked in alcohol. Put the thermometer’s tip cover. Place the thermometer in its container. 8. Record the reading and wash your hands. Using a Digital Thermometer (armpit) 1. Wash your hands and take the thermometer from its holder. 2. Clean the probe (pointed end) of the thermometer with rubbing alcohol or soap and then rinse it in cool water. 3. Inform the client that you are going to take his temperature under the armpit. 4. Place the thermometer under the client’s armpit. (You may have to hold the thermometer specially if your client is very sick and weak that he/she cannot even hold the thermometer with his/her armpit.) 5. Leave the thermometer in place until the thermometer signals it is finished. When the thermometer beeps, it means that it can be removed. 6. Remove the thermometer carefully and read the temperature on the digital display. Clean the tip of the thermometer with a cotton ball soaked in alcohol. Put the thermometer’s tip cover. Place the thermometer in its container. 7. Record the reading and wash your hands. BP Apparatus Another important measurement that you should learn to take is the blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels. The heart contracts as it pumps the blood into the arteries. When the heart is contracting, the pressure is highest. This pressure is what we know as the systolic pressure. Now, as the heart relaxes between each contraction, the pressure decreases. When the heart is at its most relaxed state, the pressure is lowest. And we call this diastolic pressure. The following steps will help you measure blood pressure accurately. Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 20  1. Wash your hands and prepare the equipment you will use. 2. Introduce yourself and let the patient/client know the procedure to be done. 3. Sanitize the earpieces of the stethoscope with an antiseptic pad. 4. Ask your client to rest quietly. Have him/her lie down or sit on a chair whichever is more comfortable for him/her. 5. If you are using a mercurial apparatus, the measuring scale should be within the level of your eyes. 6. Expose the arm of your client by rolling the sleeves up. Have your client’s arm from the elbow down to rest fully extended on the bed or the arm of a chair. 7. Unroll the cuff, loosen the screw and squeeze the cuff with your hands to remove air completely. 8. Wrap the cuff around your client’s arm above the elbow, not too tight or too loose. 9. Find your client’s brachial pulse at the inside of the elbow. Hold the diaphragm there and inflate the cuff until the pulse disappears. Take note of the reading and immediately deflate the cuff. This is the client’s approximate systolic reading and is called the palpated systolic pressure. 10. Place the stethoscope’s earpieces into your ears and place the diaphragm on the brachial pulse. 11. Turn the screw to close it. Inflate the cuff until the dial points to 30 mm above the palpated systolic pressure. 12. Turn the screw to open it. Let the air escape slowly until the sound of the pulse comes back. Take note of the calibration that the pointer passes as you hear the first sound. This indicates the systolic pressure. Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 21  13. You have to continue releasing the air from the cuff. When you hear the sounds change to something softer and faster and disappear, take note of the calibration. This is now the diastolic pressure 14. Deflate the cuff complete. Remove it from the arm of your client and record the reading on the client’s chart. 15. Wipe the earpieces of the stethoscope with an antiseptic pad and place the equipment back to their proper place and wash your hands. Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 22 Reference https:depedclub.com Series of 2022-2023 Gracewoods Academy Page 23