Introduction to Mobile Development PDF

INTRODUCTION TO MOBILE DEVELOPMENT Presented By: Benatia S.E  PLANS 1. Introduction 2. Definitions of mobile devices 3. History of smartphones 4. Statistics 5. Overview about OS on smartphone 6. What is mobile development 7. Example of Apps 8. Type of...

INTRODUCTION TO MOBILE DEVELOPMENT Presented By: Benatia S.E  PLANS 1. Introduction 2. Definitions of mobile devices 3. History of smartphones 4. Statistics 5. Overview about OS on smartphone 6. What is mobile development 7. Example of Apps 8. Type of mobile dev (native, hybrid, web) 9. Programming Languages 10. Futures 11. Conclusion  INTRODUCTION The mobile phone market has recently experienced a real revolution, from a simple mobile phone for making calls to an advanced phone with capabilities close to a real computer called a Smartphone. Smartphone usage has grown significantly, from 3.7 billion in 2016 to over 6.8 billion smartphone users globally in 2023, representing about 85% of the world’s population. this number, demonstrating the exponential rise in mobile technology's importance.  DEFINITIONS A smartphone is a mobile device that combines the features of a traditional mobile phone with advanced computing capabilities. Unlike basic cell phones, smartphones have: Touchscreens for input (though some early models had physical keyboards). Internet connectivity (via Wi-Fi or cellular networks like 4G/5G) Operating systems like iOS (by Apple) or Android (by Google) Multimedia functions, such as cameras for photos and video Communication tools beyond traditional calls and SMS, including instant messaging, video calling, and social media. Productivity features like calendars, email clients, word processors  DEFINITIONS (2) A tablet is a portable, thin, and lightweight computing device that features a touchscreen as the primary input method, typically larger than a smartphone but smaller than a laptop. It blends the features of a smartphone and a laptop, offering: Touchscreen interface (usually between 7 to 13 inches in size) for direct interaction with apps and content. Mobile operating systems, such as Android, iOS, or Windows, enabling app downloads and installations. Wi-Fi and often cellular connectivity for internet access, allowing users to browse the web, stream content, and communicate online. Multimedia capabilities, including the ability to watch videos, play music, take photos, and read e-books. Productivity tools, such as word processors, spreadsheets, email clients. Portability, thanks to its lightweight design and long battery life, ideal for on-the-go use. Tablets can also be paired with external accessories  BRIEF HISTORY OF SMARTPHONES 1992: IBM Simon Personal Communicator - The IBM Simon, released in 1992, is widely considered the first smartphone. It combined a mobile phone with PDA (personal digital assistant) features, such as a touch screen, email, and a stylus. 1997: Nokia Communicator - Nokia introduced its Communicator series in the late 1990s, offering a device with a full QWERTY keyboard, internet access, and office applications, making it popular among business professionals.  BRIEF HISTORY OF SMARTPHONES 2000: BlackBerry - BlackBerry revolutionized mobile communication in the late 1990s and early 2000s with its devices, featuring a physical keyboard, secure email, and corporate messaging, becoming a staple for professionals. 2007: The iPhone - Apple’s launch of the iPhone in 2007. It was the first to integrate a multi-touch screen with combining an iPod, phone, and internet communicator into a single device. It transformed the smartphone market with its app ecosystem. 2008: Android OS -Google’s Android OS was introduced with the HTC Dream (T-Mobile G1) in 2008, giving rise to an open- source mobile operating system that would compete with Apple's iOS.  BRIEF HISTORY OF SMARTPHONES 2010s: 4G Networks and App Explosion - The adoption of 4G (LTE) networks significantly improved mobile internet speeds, allowing smartphones to become true multimedia and productivity devices. Mobile apps exploded, with app stores becoming crucial to the smartphone ecosystem. 2019–Present: 5G and Beyond -The arrival of 5G networks in 2019 began a new era of ultra-fast mobile internet. Modern smartphones now boast powerful processors, AI capabilities, and increasingly sophisticated cameras, solidifying their role as essential, multifunctional devices in everyday life.  SOME STATISTICS. Operating System Market Share (2023) Android: holds about 71% of the global smartphone operating system market share. / iOS: iOS accounts for around 28% of the market. App Store Statistics (2023) Apple App Store: Over 1.96 million apps are available on iOS. / Google Play Store: There are more than 3.5 million apps on Android’s. App Downloads: In 2023, there were over 255 billion app downloads across iOS and Android. Industry-Specific Mobile Usage E-commerce: 72.9% of all e-commerce sales are conducted through mobile devices, with mobile commerce expected to reach $6.3 trillion by 2025. Banking and Finance: Over 80% of smartphone users use mobile banking apps to manage their finances. Health and Fitness: There are over 350,000 mobile health apps available; Mobile Developer Demand: The demand for mobile developers has increased by 30% over the last 5 years, driven by the rise of mobile- first services  OVERVIEW OF OS (ANDROID AND IOS) Android iOS By Google , Launch: September 2008 By Apple , Launch: June 2007 Type: Open-source, based on Linux Type: Closed-source, proprietary Market Share: Over 70% globally as of Market Share: Roughly 28% globally as of 2023 2023 App Store: Apple App Store (exclusive app App Store: Google Play Store (and other source) third-party app stores)  WHAT IS MOBILE DEVELOPMENT? Overview Mobile development started with simple apps on feature phones, like Snake on Nokia phones in the late 1990s. The launch of the iPhone (2007) and the App Store (2008) transformed how apps were developed and distributed. For the first time, developers could reach millions of users directly. Google Play Store (2012): Android’s answer to the App Store, creating another massive market for developers. Definition Mobile development refers to the process of creating software applications designed to run on mobile devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and wearables. It involves writing code, designing user interfaces, integrating features (such as GPS, camera, or notifications), and testing applications to ensure they function properly on mobile platforms like Android and iOS. Mobile development typically involves designing user interfaces (UI), and optimizing the performance of the app to run smoothly on smaller screens and less powerful hardware compared to desktops.  EXAMPLE OF MOBILE APP 1. Social Media and Communication (Instagram, TikTok, WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger…) enables real-time content sharing, live streaming, and notifications, making social media apps addictive and widely used for entertainment, news, and communication. built strong monetization strategies, integrating ads, e-commerce. 2. E-commerce (Notable Apps: Amazon, Alibaba, Shopify, eBay) - offers everything from shopping to package tracking and customer support 3. Transportation and Mobility (Uber, Google Maps) - provides real-time traffic updates, public transport routes, and street views. It’s also integrated with ride-sharing and food delivery services, making it essential for travel and mobility. (Real-time GPS integration) 4. Financial Services (PayPal, Paysera, BaridiMob) - allows users to make payments, transfer money, and manage financial transactions securely  EXAMPLE OF MOBILE APP (2) 5. Health and Fitness (MyFitnessPal, Fitbit) - Tracks calories, meals, and workouts, providing users with a holistic view of their health and fitness in real time. 6. Education and Learning (Duolingo, Coursera, Udemy) A language-learning app that gamifies the process of learning new languages offer online courses across various subjects. Their mobile apps allow users to watch lectures, complete assignments, and earn certificates on the go. 7. Gaming (Candy Crush, PUBG Mobile )  KEY ASPECTS OF MOBILE DEVELOPMENT: Mobile Platforms: Android (Google): The most widely used mobile OS, powering devices from multiple manufacturers (Samsung, Google, Xiaomi). Uses programming languages like Java and later Kotlin and relies on the Android Software Development Kit (SDK) for development, and built within Android Studio, Google’s official IDE iOS (Apple): Uses languages like Objective-C and later Swift, with development primarily done through Apple's Xcode IDE. Types of Mobile Applications: Mobile apps can be classified into three main categories based on their development approach: native apps, hybrid apps, and web apps. Each type has its strengths and weaknesses, depending on factors like performance, user experience, development time, and cost.  TYPE OF MOBILE APP - NATIVE Definition: Native apps are developed specifically for a particular mobile operating system (iOS or Android) using the platform’s official programming languages. Native apps offer the best performance and access to device features (camera, GPS, etc.), but they require different codebases for each platform. Developers began building apps specifically for iOS (using Objective-C and later Swift) and Android (using Java and later Kotlin). Key Features : Optimal performance: native apps can fully utilize the device’s hardware (camera, GPS, sensors) and software (OS features) for superior performance. Full access to device features: Native apps can access all APIs and hardware components provided by the OS, offering deep integration and more complex functionalities (e.g., push notifications, background processes). Best user experience (UX): They follow the platform's design guidelines ensuring a consistent and smooth user experience tailored to the OS.  TYPE OF MOBILE APP – NATIVE (2) Pros: Cons: High performance and responsiveness. Separate codebases are required for each platform, leading to higher development costs Access to all native APIs and hardware features. and maintenance efforts. Better user experience through platform-specific Time-consuming if you need to develop for both design. iOS and Android.  TYPE OF MOBILE APP - CROSS Definition: Allow developers to build apps for multiple platforms with a single codebase. Common tools include: React Native (Facebook, 2015): Uses JavaScript and allows shared code between iOS and Android. Flutter (Google, 2017): uses the Dart language and focuses on high-performance, natively compiled apps for multiple platforms with a single codebase. Key Features: Single codebase for multiple platforms: Developers can write one set of code that works on both Android and iOS, reducing development time and effort. Cross-platform flexibility: These apps can be distributed via app stores and function similarly to native apps but don’t always offer the same performance.  TYPE OF MOBILE APP – CROSS (2) Pros: Cons: Faster development and lower costs due to the Performance may not match native apps, especially for shared codebase. resource-heavy applications like games. Easier to maintain since changes can be made Limited access to some native features and hardware once and applied to both platforms. components compared to fully native apps. Suitable for apps that don’t require heavy native UX may not be as smooth as native apps since they do not functionalities or performance optimization. follow platform-specific design guidelines by default.  TYPE OF MOBILE APP - WEB Web apps are not traditional mobile apps but are accessed via a mobile browser (e.g., Chrome, Safari) using a URL. These apps are built with standard web technologies like HTML5, CSS, and JavaScript, and are designed to be responsive, so they adjust to different screen sizes and resolutions. There’s a special category of web apps known as Progressive Web Apps (PWAs), which aim to offer a native-like experience while being accessible through a browser. PWAs can work offline, send push notifications, and be installed on the home screen. Key Features of Web Apps: No installation required: Users can access web apps via their browser without needing to download and install them from an app store. Cross-platform compatibility: Web apps work across all devices and platforms, provided the browser supports modern web standards. Responsive design: Web apps are designed to work on a variety of devices, from desktops to mobile phones, with interfaces that adapt to different screen sizes.  TYPE OF MOBILE APP – WEB (2) Pros: Cons: Simple development process using familiar web Limited access to native device features (e.g., camera, GPS, technologies. push notifications) compared to native and hybrid apps. No need to submit the app to app stores, making Performance depends on the browser and the internet updates and distribution easier. connection, so they may not be as responsive as native apps. Accessible on any device with a modern browser, Cannot work offline (unless built as a PWA) and generally providing maximum reach. provide a less immersive experience.  TYPE OF MOBILE APP - COMPARAISON Feature Native Apps Hybrid Apps Web Apps Platform-specific Single codebase for multiple Web technologies (HTML, Development (iOS/Android) platforms CSS, JS) Best performance and Decent performance, slightly Dependent on browser and Performance responsiveness lower than native internet speed Full access to device Limited access through Minimal access unless it's a Device Features hardware and APIs plugins PWA Good, but may lack the feel Limited, dependent on User Experience (UX) Excellent, platform-specific UI of a native app responsive design High due to separate Lower, thanks to shared Cost Lowest, only needs a browser codebases codebase Offline possible, but depends Offline Capabilities Full offline access Limited unless PWA on framework  WHY MOBILE DEVELOPMENT MATTERS Revolutionizing Industries Finance, Healthcare, Education …. Career Opportunities Companies and startups globally are looking for mobile developers to create new apps or optimize existing ones. Highlight the demand for mobile developers in tech, gaming, fintech, healthcare, and beyond. Innovation and Emerging Technologies AI and Machine Learning: integrates with AI/ML technologies to provide personalized experiences, and smart recommendation systems. Internet of Things (IoT): serve as control centers for IoT applications, connecting users to smart homes, wearables, and other connected devices Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR): Apps incorporating AR and VR are increasingly popular for gaming, education  STATISTICS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE ON DEV MOBILE Programming Primary Platform Usage (2023) Language/Framework Kotlin Android 65% Java Android 30% Swift iOS 55% Objective-C iOS 20% Flutter (Dart) Cross-platform 42% React Native (JavaScript) Cross-platform 38% Others (Cordova, Ionic, Cross-platform 20% Xamarin…)  FUTURE The Future of Mobile Development (2024 and Beyond) 5G and Beyond: 5G is expected to enable more sophisticated apps with real-time data processing, immersive AR/VR experiences, and faster cloud-based services. Wearables and IoT: As wearable devices like smartwatches and IoT-enabled devices proliferate, mobile apps will expand to integrate with these ecosystems, creating a more connected and seamless user experience. Super Apps: Inspired by apps like WeChat in China, super apps that offer multiple services in one (social media, payments, e-commerce, etc.) are becoming popular.  CONCLUSION Mobile development is crucial because it enables businesses to reach billions of users, innovate with new technologies, improve productivity, and stay competitive in an increasingly mobile-dependent world. The mobile-first approach is shaping the future of commerce, entertainment, communication, and productivity, making mobile development a key factor in today’s digital landscape.