Introduction To Anatomy PDF

The University of Jordan Faculty Of Medicine Anatomy Department Introduction To Anatomy By Dr.Ahmed Salman Associate Professor of Anatomy &embryology Email: [email protected] Contact Details Teams ...

The University of Jordan Faculty Of Medicine Anatomy Department Introduction To Anatomy By Dr.Ahmed Salman Associate Professor of Anatomy &embryology Email: [email protected] Contact Details Teams  Anatomy DERIVED FROM THE GREEK ἈΝΑΤΈΜΝΩ ANATEMNŌ "I CUT UP, CUT OPEN  ANATOMY System based 1. Upper Limb 2. Lower Limb 3. Musculoskeletal system 4. Gastrointestinal system 5. Endocrine system 6. IBLS (immune/blood/lymphatic system) 7. Cardiovascular system (CVS) 8. Respiratory system 9. Nervous system 10.Urinary system 11.Reproductive system  EMBRYOLOGY 1. General 2. Special HISTOLOGY  How to study anatomy 1. RESPECT the Subject 2. Make a mental picture of everything you study 3. Practical Classes 4. Talk about it. Discussion 5. Teach 6. 6-Drawing 7. Read,Read,Read,Read Levels of organization Cell Tissue Organ System  Anatomical Position The person is: 1- Standing erect 2- The upper limbs by the sides 3- The face and palms of the hands directed forward 4-Feet by the sides  Anatomical planes Median Sagittal Plane 1- Is a vertical plane 2- Passes through the center of the body 3-Divids the body into equal right and left halves Is situated to one or the other side of the median plane and parallel to it.  Coronal Plane Is an imaginary vertical planes divide the body into anterior and posterior parts Transverse, horizontal It divide the body into superior and inferior parts ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY POSITIONS AND DIRECTIONS Terms of position and direction describe the position of one body part relative to another Anterior(Ventral) : Refers to a structure being more in front ( Ribs are anterior to lungs) Posterior (Dorsal) : Refers to a structure being more in back (lungs are posterior to Ribs ) Superior : Refers to a structure being higher Inferior : Refers to a structure being lower ü Head is superior to chest ü Chest is inferior to Head Medial : Refers to a structure being closer to the midline Lateral : Refers to a structure being farther away from the midline ü The point A is lateral to point B ü The point B is medial to Point A B A Proximal : Closer from a structure's origin Distal : farther from a structure's origin They used in the limbs. The elbow is proximal than wrist The wrist is distal to elbow Elbow Wrist Superficial: Nearer to body surface Deep: Away from body surface Deep Superficial Ipsilateral : Same side Contralateral : opposite side Supine : lying face up Prone : lying face down q Peri- Around q Para Beside q Endo Inside q Inter Between q Epi Just above q Sub Just below 1- The stomach is ……………………to intestine 2- The liver is ………………..to diaphragm 3- The point A is ………… to point B 4- The point C is ………… to point B C B A Anatomical Terminology Movement Terms Flexion : Bending movement Extension : Straightening movement Abduction: Moving a body part away from midline Adduction :Moving a body part toward the midline Medial rotation : rotation towards the center of the body Lateral rotation : rotation away the center of the body Pronation : Medial rotation of forearm Supination :Lateral rotation of forearm Supination Elevation : Is movement in a superior direction Depression : Is movement in a inferior direction Elevator Inversion : is the movement of the sole towards the median plane Eversion : the movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane Dorsiflexion : Raising the foot upwards towards the leg Plantarflexion : Lowering the foot downwards towards the sole Retraction : moving a part backward Protraction : moving a part forward Opposition : Movement of the thumb across the palm of the hand. Nerves  Nerves of the Body Somatic Autonomic Spinal nerves 31 pairs Cranial nerves 12 Pairs Sympathetic Parasympathetic Motor Sensory Mixed Blood vesseles Ø It carries blood from the ventricles Ø It return blood from capillaries to of the heart to the capillaries. the heart. Ø It usually carries oxygenated Ø It usually carries deoxygenated blood EXCEPT pulmonary artery blood EXCEPT pulmonary veins Ø It has Branches Ø It has Tributaries Fascia  Fascia Superficial Fascia Deep Fascia Superficial Fascia It is a mixture of loose areolar and fatty tissue that unite the skin to the underlying deep fascia Function : 1-Acts as a bad conductor to heat 2- Fills up the hollows and rounds off the irregularities at the surface of the body Deep Fascia § It is membranous layer of connective tissue that invests the muscles and other deep structures. § It is Denser than superficial fascia Function 1. keep the underlying structures in position. 2. They give attachment to some muscles. 3. Formation of intermuscular septa and interosseous membranes 4. Formation of palmar aponeurosis (in palm) and plantar aponeurosis (in sole): 5. Formation of sheaths around big blood vessels (Femoral sheath)  Femoral sheath palmar aponeurosis plantar aponeurosis interosseous membranes Body Cavities  Thoracic Cavity Abdominal and Pelvic Cavity Dorsal Cavity  Thoracic Cavity Upper ventral, thoracic or chest cavity Contains: Heart Lungs Trachea Esophagus Large blood vessels Nerves Bound laterally by ribs and the diaphragm caudally  Abdominopelvic Cavity Lower part of ventral cavity Abdominal: Gastrointestinal tract Kidneys Adrenal glands Pelvic: Urogenital system Rectum  Dorsal Cavity Smaller of two main cavities Upper portion: Cranial cavity Brain Lower portion: Vertebral canal house spinal cord  Y O U N K T H A