Human Anatomy Introduction PDF

Human Anatomy Introduction BY PROF.DR/ MANAL ALBADAWI  Objectives  What is anatomy?  How to study anatomy?  Describe anatomical position  Identify anatomical planes  Identify anatomical terms related to position.  Define the anatomical termes related to...

Human Anatomy Introduction BY PROF.DR/ MANAL ALBADAWI  Objectives  What is anatomy?  How to study anatomy?  Describe anatomical position  Identify anatomical planes  Identify anatomical terms related to position.  Define the anatomical termes related to movement. What is Anatomy?  Study of the STRUCTURE of the Human Body  The term anatome, a Greek word meaning ‘cutting up or taking apart (Dissection).  Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.E. ), who is regarded as the Father of medicine and a founder of the science of anatomy. Divisions of Anatomy  Gross Anatomy  Microscopic  Structures that Anatomy can be seen with  Structures that the eye cannot be seen  Muscles, bones, with the eye various organs  Need to use a microscope  Cytology = study of cells  Histology = study of tissues THE EVOLUTION: MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY What are you made of ? Ways to Study Anatomy  Regional Anatomy – study one region of the body at a time and learn everything about the region  Systemic Anatomy – study one body system at a time. This is the approach we will use in this course Anatomical Organization Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism Organ Systems  1. Integument  2. Skeletal  3. Muscular  4. Nervous  5. Endocrine  6. Cardiovascular  7. Lymphatic  8. Respiratory  9. Digestive  10. Urinary  11. Reproductive  How to study anatomy  Cadaveric Anatomy (Dissection).  Microsco Anatomy (Histology).  Developmental Anatomy (Embryology).  Clinical Anatomy (Applied).  Surface (Topographic or living)Anatomy.  Radiographic Anatomy.  Endoscopy.  Sectional Anatomy.  Comparative Anatomy.  Anatomical Position It is the term applied to the human body while standing upright (erect) with the eyes looking horizontally forwards. The upper limbs are stretched by the sides with the palms facing anteriorly and the thumb is directed laterally. The lower limbs are straight with the feet close together and toes pointing forwards. Four-footed body directions Planes and Sections  Sagittal section – divides the body into right and left sides  Mid-sagittalsection = straight down the center of the body  Frontal section – divides the body into front and back sides  Transverse (cross) section – cut straight across the body Planes and Sections  References  Gray’sAnatomy,39th Edition Edited by Standring. Churchill Livingstone: Elesvier, 2004. Thank you Any questions ???