Evolution of Extension/Extension Education in the World and the Philippines PDF

EVOLUTION OF EXTENSION/EXTENSION EDUCATION For. FELINO J. GUTIERREZ, Jr.  INTRODUCTION Poverty in the countryside Philippine economy is highly dependent to agriculture, fisheries and natural resources 1/3 of the population depends on AFNR sectors for livelihood and emplo...

EVOLUTION OF EXTENSION/EXTENSION EDUCATION For. FELINO J. GUTIERREZ, Jr.  INTRODUCTION Poverty in the countryside Philippine economy is highly dependent to agriculture, fisheries and natural resources 1/3 of the population depends on AFNR sectors for livelihood and employment Lack of farming systems, poor policy reforms and implementation of programs Hence, increasing productivity to sustain development  GENERAL MEANING Extension or rural advisory services are the different activities that provide information and services needed and demanded by farmers in rural setting to develop them in technical, organizational and management skills and practices to improve their livelihood and well-being. (AFMA, 1998 as cited by PCAAARD et al, 2015) Vital element in the flow of information that can assists improvement of farmers and other rural communities (Anderson,2008 cited by PCAAARD et al, 2015)  EXTENSION  Communication  Non-formal education  Problem-oriented  Technology focused  Development of novel patterns of coordination and adjustment between people, technology and natural phenomena in resolving community problems (Baconguis, 2010)  Putting useful knowledge to work – technology transfer  Dissemination of relevant information to adult population  ITS EVOLUTION  1800 BC in Mesopotamia  Unearthed clay tablets had advice on watering crops and getting rid of rats  Egyptians hieroglyphics  show evidence on resolution to crop damage and loss of life from Nile Rover  Also during the period of Greek, Phoenician, Roman, Chinese (Han Dynasty) Civilization-  practical farm experiences and in dissemination of agricultural information to assist landowners maintain and improve their farms and revenues.  The use of woodblock printing on Sung and Yuan Dynasties, distributed agricultural treatises and practical handbooks.  ITS EVOLUTION  Medieval Period  Commercial trading and scientific discoveries provide venue to increased productivity using scientific information  Scientific Revolution  Encouraged the use of experimentation in the production and breeding of plants and animals.  Granja Modelos or model farms establishment  Modern Era  Crisis in Ireland- blight infected virus to Ireland potato farms resulting to devastation in 1845 to potato famine in 1851  Itinerant lecturers (travellers) facilitate in the control of the blight which served as encouragement for other countries to adopt the same strategy ie. Denmark, Netherlands, Switzerland, Italy and Russia  ITS EVOLUTION  France  Established the first national state-funded agricultural service in 1879  University Extension or extension of the university  First used in Britain on 1840s  1867-1868- institutionalization in a college where James Stuart (father of University Extension), of Cambridge University gave lecture to women associations and men’s club in North of England  Cambridge, London and Oxford Universities became Extension movement  Land Grant Universities  Established in US which task is to strengthen agricultural education and mechanic arts.  Cooperative Extension Service  Established by Smith Lever Act in 1914  A tripartite cooperation of federal, state and local county and state college as extension agency to diffuse useful information in agriculture and home economics  ITS EVOLUTION Developed countries (colonizers) introduced extension to aid the export of crops to the colonial countries Extension is mainly focus on increase productivity and ensure food security Increased establishment of agricultural extension organizations due to increased scientific knowledge base, number of people and institutions interested in sharing knowledge-base.  EXTENSION IN THE PHILIPPINES  Spanish Period  Granja modelos or model farms was established to improve commodity production  American Period  First major attempt to systematically organize provision of extension services  It established provincial extension services during Commonwealth Period; signed Commonwealth act 649- increasing appropriations for extension work.  Japanese period  Extension work was paralysed due to war and post war activities  Post World War II Period  Bell Survey Mission in 1952 resulted to consolidation of extension services and created Bureau of Agricultural Extension (BAEX)  EXTENSION IN THE PHILIPPINES  Decentralization Act Passage  Gave birth to extension services among government agencies resulted to fragmented extension system  Martial Law Period  Masagana 99- renewed the interest in agri extension and BAEX and focused on rice productivity, mobilization and organizing of youth, rural women and farmers and loan collection  People Power Revolution Period  BAEX became staff bureau of Department of Agriculture  Proliferation of extension projects among agencies and government units and within the Department of Agriculture  EXTENSION IN THE PHILIPPINES  EO 116  Reorganized Ministry of Agriculture and Food to Department of Agriculture  Created the Agriculture Training Institute (ATI) which mandate is to train agricultural extension workers  ATI is the result of merging BAEX, Philippine Agricultural Training Council (PATC) and Philippine Training Center for Rural Development  Passage of RA 7160 (Devolution of Powers)  Provincial Agriculture Office as prime mover on agriculture development: farm extension, home extension and rural development  4H Clubs, RICs and Fas were organized to mobilize sectoral participation  Regional Integrated Agricultural Research Stations (RIARS) – technical support  EXTENSION IN THE PHILIPPINES  RA 8435 or the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) and RA 8550 Fisheries Code of the Philippines  Major policy interventions to improves extension services  It now covers training, farm and business advisory services, IEC  Extension services delivery as prime duty of LGUs  It shall be multi-disciplinary (public and private)  SUCs shall assist in the professionalism of human resources