1. Academic Text Structures - July 31, 2024.pdf
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Determine the structure of an Learning academic text Objectives Create a sentence outline detailing the ideas found in At the end of the each part of the essay lesson, you should be able to do the...
Determine the structure of an Learning academic text Objectives Create a sentence outline detailing the ideas found in At the end of the each part of the essay lesson, you should be able to do the Appreciate the importance of following: the structure in academic text. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 1 WHAT IS WRITING? - It is a form of communication that is shaped by the following factors: 1.Topic – What is the text about? What details am I imparting to the readers? 2. Role – Who am I as a writer? Do I write as a sibling? A student? A son/a daughter? A customer? 3. Purpose – Why am I writing this in the first place? 4. Audience – Who is reading this piece? What knowledge does he/she need to understand in my writing? ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE Example #1 "In recent years, the growing concern over climate change has intensified, with its devastating effects becoming increasingly visible, especially in coastal regions. As a journalist, my role is to shed light on these pressing issues, presenting well-researched information and real-life stories of coastal communities grappling with rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and ecosystem changes. My purpose is to inform and engage a broad audience, including policymakers who can implement mitigation strategies, environmental organizations striving for change, scientists seeking data, and the general public, as climate change affects us all." ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE Example #2 "As an educational content creator, my role is to offer valuable advice and resources to college students seeking to improve their time management skills. The topic at hand is 'How to Improve Time Management Skills for College Students.' My purpose is clear: to provide practical tips, strategies, and insights that empower students to navigate the challenges of academic life efficiently. This content is primarily intended for college students who want to enhance their time management abilities, but it can also benefit educators, academic advisors, and anyone interested in supporting student success in higher education." ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE Example #3 "Hello, high school students! Today, we'll explore the topic of financial literacy and why it's crucial for your future. As an educational content creator, my role is to provide you with the knowledge and tools you need to make informed financial decisions. The purpose of this content is to help you understand the importance of financial literacy, acquire money management skills, and set a strong foundation for your financial well-being. This message is primarily intended for high school students like you, but it can also benefit parents, teachers, and school administrators who play a role in promoting financial education." ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE Example #4 "Are you a high school student with dreams of attending college? You're in the right place! As a college admissions consultant, my role is to help you prepare for the journey ahead. Our topic today is 'Preparing for College Admissions: Tips and Strategies.' The purpose of this text is to provide you with valuable insights, advice, and practical steps to make your college application process smoother and more successful. High school students like you are the primary audience, but parents, guidance counselors, and anyone involved in the college admissions process will find this information helpful in supporting your aspirations." ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE What do building blocks signify in writing? ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 7 What is an Academic Text? Academic text is defined as critical, objective, specialized texts written by experts or professionals in a given field using formal language. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE Academic Writing - is clear, concise, focused, structured and backed up by evidence. Its purpose is to aid the reader’s understanding. In approaching a piece of writing in a particular discipline, you need to consider the following aspects: 1. The purpose of the writer – This may vary depending on the discipline the writer is writing for, the topic to be covered, and the goal in writing. This gives the writer’s objective and reason for writing. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE Academic Writing 2. The writing tone and style – These refer to the attitude conveyed in a piece of writing. 3. The specific language and diction used – All academic disciplines have their own language to be used. The more you know the language of the text, the closer the text will be understood. 4. The organization of the text – Writing across all disciplines is organized and structured in specific ways. In writing, this includes using the correct punctuation marks. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE Academic Writing 5. The specific features of the text – Each discipline has traits and characteristics that are specific to that particular field. 6. The intended audience of the text – In writing, choosing the right audience will make the writing text very meaningful and clear. 7. The introduction of the text – Unlike fiction or journalistic writing it must be cohesive and possess logically arranged ideas to form a unified whole. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE Why should a Essential reader know the Question essential parts of an academic text? ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 12 How does knowing the parts of a paragraph ensure better comprehension of the text? 13 Structures of Paragraphs Paragraphs are a collection of sentences that deal mostly with one topic or idea at a time. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 14 Structures of Paragraphs Parts of a paragraph: Topic sentence Supporting sentences Concluding and/or transitional sentences ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 15 Structures of Paragraphs Topic sentence: presents the main point of the paragraph Supporting sentences: support the main idea of the paragraph ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 16 Structures of Paragraphs Transitional sentences pave the way to the next idea in the next paragraph. Concluding sentences close out the main idea by summing up the main idea. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 17 Remember Patterns of Development of Paragraphs Illustration Definition Classification Comparison and Contrast Process 18 Structures of Paragraphs Example 1 Empathy is being able to understand and share feelings and requires a connection between two humans. Establishing that connection means that people should put down their phones, face each other and build rapport with one another. Taking those steps can make a difference. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 19 Structures of Paragraphs Example 2 Modern-day heroes are not the ones seen in the movies; these are just actors who pretend to be larger-than-life characters. The true modern-day heroes are the people who dedicate their lives to serve others. These people can be doctors, nurses, engineers, teachers, and the police. They help others to make the world a better place. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 20 Structures of Paragraphs Example 3 Online marketing is the effort to disseminate information about a business or product using the Internet. This may be considered as an effective strategy, as almost everyone uses the Internet for interaction. Engaging with potential consumers online may help the business in profits, as the channels between parties have more potential to continue, even after transactions. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 21 What are possible strategies writers can use to develop cohesive paragraphs? 22 Structure of a Three-Part Essay A three-part essay is composed of three basic parts: 1. Introduction 2. Body 3. Conclusion ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 23 Introduction The introduction starts off the essay with ideas that will be discussed in the body. The thesis statement is usually found at the end of the introduction, and it can act as a transitional sentence for the body. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 24 Introduction Introduces the topic Places the topic into context Provides background information Points out the aim of the text Describes how the aim will be fulfilled ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 25 Introduction Provides a thesis statement for the text Suggests what the findings are Explains why the topic could be considered interesting Catches the readers’ interest ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 26 Body The body is the main and most substantial part of the entire essay which: Presents evidence to support the thesis statement Can be broken down into parts ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 27 Body The body should do the following: Present research and data Analyze data Discuss data thoroughly ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 28 Conclusion Restates the thesis statement Wraps up the essay Gives opportunity to evaluate the topic Should not present new material ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 29 Remember The conclusion should not have the exact same thesis statement as the one in the introduction. It is best to reword it in the conclusion. 30 Structuring the Three-Part Essay Example 1 Benedicto Cabrera, also known more famously as BenCab, is a Filipino painter. He was deemed as a Filipino National Artist for painting in 2006, and is considered as one of the best-selling painters of his time. BenCab has a museum in Baguio, a place that inspired many of his works. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 31 Structuring the Three-Part Essay The BenCab museum has many of Cabrera’s artwork in addition to his personal collection of the works of other Filipino artists. The museum has exhibits that display the culture of the Cordilleras. The many displays manifest BenCab’s talents and his appreciation for local art. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 32 Structuring the Three-Part Essay With the BenCab museum situated in the Cordilleras, it has become a site that people can visit and experience when they visit Baguio. The opportunity to see BenCab's collection and work can inspire others to appreciate Filipino art. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 33 What strategies were used to make the three- part essay cohesive? 34 Structuring the Three-Part Essay Example 2 Though almost everyone recognizes dreamcatchers, few know the origin and its significance in local culture. The dreamcatcher is more than just a decorative piece. It is an interesting object with an even more interesting history. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 35 Structuring the Three-Part Essay Example 2 Though almost everyone recognizes dreamcatchers, few know the origin and its significance in local culture. The dreamcatcher is more than just a decorative piece. It is an interesting object with an even more interesting history. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 36 Structuring the Three-Part Essay As many people know today, it was often believed that they could protect the dreams of infants, as the spiderweb-like design would "catch" the evil spirits and keep them stuck on the dreamcatchers. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 37 Structuring the Three-Part Essay The dreamcatcher’s history and original purpose are fascinating and give more value to the object. The dreamcatcher is a decorative piece for many people, but its origins make it all the more impressive. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 38 How does knowing the structure of essays help reading comprehension? 39 Structuring the Three-Part Essay Example 3 Everyone has an opportunity to be an app developer, or one who develops apps for smartphones. Though it may seem too “techie” for some, the possibility for app development has become endless. There is no need to go through it alone, as many companies are willing to help dreamers achieve their goals. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 40 Structuring the Three-Part Essay App development is a profitable business, as manifested through the various companies willing to help out those who are interested. In the Philippines, the names Adroit Apps, Ltd. and Arcanys are top companies that develop apps. These kinds of companies have specific aims for business but share the common goal of developing apps for people. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 41 Structuring the Three-Part Essay If developing apps and serving people while making money is one goal, it is best to get in contact and apply to app development companies. In this day and age, this kind of job may be beneficial for all, and the process is an essential learning experience for professional development. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 42 How should research be presented in academic writing? 43 Structuring IMRaD IMRaD stands for Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion, with a Conclusion IMRaD aims to discuss research topics, explaining the topic and its intended purpose. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 44 Structuring IMRaD: Introduction Contains the context of the study and addresses what the study will entail Can include the background of the study rather than an introduction Should include the aim(s) of the study ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 45 Structuring IMRaD: Methods The methods part includes the following: explanation of how aims and research questions were fulfilled and answered methods used to collect data and ways to analyze the said data the research design for the entire study ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 46 Structuring IMRaD: Results Objectively presents results from the data collected and analyzed Presents data using charts, figures, and/or tables ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 47 Structuring IMRaD: Discussion Reminds readers of the topic of the study Analyzes and discusses presented results Contains recommendations ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 48 Structuring IMRaD Example 1 Listening to music may be a positive experience for many junior high school students while they study for major subjects. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 49 Structuring IMRaD Though there have not been many studies that show a relationship between the two variables, this particular study aimed to determine how junior high school students feel while they listen to particular genres of music while studying for major exams. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 50 Structuring IMRaD The methods for the research consisted of interviewing JHS students about their experiences, opinions of music, and their study habits. The researchers also utilized a questionnaire given to 20 JHS students. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 51 Structuring IMRaD Results showed that JHS students felt that listening to music, no matter the genre, was helpful, and there are perceived effects that it helped them do better on the tests academically. Further studies may help confirm a true relationship between listening to music and better study habits. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 52 Why is it important to include visual representations of data in the results of the IMRaD? 53 Structuring IMRaD Example 2 In the Philippines, there has been a noticeable shift from the use of plastic shopping bags to more environmentally-friendly bags. Eco-bags are bags that can be reused and can include, but are not limited to, canvas bags, paper bags, bayong, and mesh-cloth bags. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 54 Structuring IMRaD In the study conducted, a survey of 138 college students answered that because the province of Cavite has encouraged the use of eco-bags, a large number of the sample population maximizes the utilization of eco-bags while shopping. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 55 Structuring IMRaD Significant factors that influenced the respondents include the implementation of the laws and awareness of the harmfulness of plastics to the environment. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 56 Structuring IMRaD Further studies should explore why other factors, such as promotion of private corporations in the Philippines, are not significant in the utilization of eco-bags for shopping. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 57 Why is the background of the study an imperative part of the introduction? 58 Structuring IMRaD Example 3 Stereotyping in senior high school may be a more common phenomenon nowadays than ever, as students are clustered into different strands. Students may have certain perceptions and opinions about others who are in the same and different strands. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 59 Structuring IMRaD This research aimed to find out the experiences grade 12 students across all academic strands had with stereotyping in grade 11. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 60 Structuring IMRaD Three focus group discussions were conducted, along with five in-depth interviews about the grade 12 students’ own experiences about stereotyping. The researchers were able to utilize open and axial coding to extract prevalent themes. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 61 Structuring IMRaD It was found that STEM and ABM students were branded as intellectual while HUMSS students felt that they were branded as carefree. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 62 Structuring IMRaD Further studies should be conducted to find out the factors which influence students to use stereotypes for the different strands and if this type of stereotyping affects academic studies and social situations in high school. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 63 What technique did you utilize to compose your paragraph? ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 64 Question Why is it recommended to use transitional sentences in between paragraphs for the 3- part essay? ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 65 Question Why should an introduction in IMRaD give a background of the study? ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 66 Question What are the different ways to identify cohesion in any kind of written text? ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 67 Wrap Up Knowing the structure of an essay can help a reader comprehend the text. Paragraph development and the three- part essay are broken into the following parts: introduction, body, and conclusion. 68 Wrap Up The IMRaD structure is broken into the following parts: Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion. 69 Wrap Up 70 Did you know? QUIZ #1 Tip 1. Who are the target readers of an academic essay? a. Parents, workers, teachers b. Teachers, students, academic community c. Students, out – of – school youth d. None of the above Tip 2. What are the purposes of doing an academic writing? a. To settle, to negotiate and to inform b. To defend, to challenge and to question c. To inform, to persuade and to argue a specific point d. To guess, to hypothesize and to make conclusions Tip 3. Writing academic papers requires deliberate, thorough and careful thought. Therefore, what should one do to achieve a well – crafted academic essay? a. One must depend on his/her own opinions alone. b.One must conduct a research on the topic at hand. c. One must not consult the Internet for unsure sources. d.One must depend highly on the Internet for easy information. Tip 4. Which of the following best describes the main purpose of academic writing? a) To entertain the reader b) To express personal opinions c) To inform and persuade using evidence d) To narrate a story Tip 5. In academic writing, what is the importance of considering the audience? a) To ensure the writing is humorous b) To tailor the language and content for clarity and relevance c) To make the writing more artistic d) To increase word count Tip 6. What is the primary purpose of a topic sentence in a paragraph? a) To provide detailed evidence b) To introduce a new paragraph c) To present the main point of the paragraph d) To conclude the paragraph Tip 7. Which of the following best describes the role of supporting sentences in a paragraph? a) To introduce the main idea b) To provide details and evidence that support the main idea c) To transition to the next paragraph d) To restate the topic sentence Tip 8. What is the function of a concluding sentence in a paragraph? a) To introduce new ideas b) To summarize and reinforce the main idea c) To elaborate on supporting details d) To present an opposing viewpoint Tip 9. Which type of sentence is crucial for maintaining the flow between paragraphs? a) Topic sentence b) Supporting sentence c) Transitional sentence d) Concluding sentence Tip 10. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a well-constructed paragraph? a) Focuses on a single topic or idea b) Includes a topic sentence, supporting sentences, and a concluding sentence c) Contains unrelated ideas to add variety d) Uses transitional sentences to link ideas Tip 11. Which of the following is NOT typically a function of the introduction in a three-part essay? a) Providing background information b) Presenting evidence to support the thesis c) Stating the thesis d) Catching the readers’ interest Tip 12. In a three-part essay, where is the thesis statement usually located? a) At the beginning of the introduction b) At the end of the introduction c) In the middle of the body d) In the conclusion Tip 13. Which of the following should NOT be included in the body of the essay? a) Presenting research and data b) Analyzing and discussing data c) Restating the thesis statement d) Introducing new material Tip 14. What is the primary purpose of the conclusion in a three-part essay? a) To present new evidence b) To summarize and wrap up the essay c) To introduce the topic d) To provide detailed analysis Tip 15. Which of the following statements is true about the thesis statement in the conclusion? a) It should be identical to the one in the introduction b) It should be reworded and not identical to the one in the introduction c) It should introduce a new topic d) It should be omitted in the conclusion Tip 16. What is the primary purpose of the Introduction in the IMRaD structure? a) To present the results of the study b) To explain the methodology used c) To discuss the implications of the findings d) To provide the context and aim of the study Tip 17. Which section of the IMRaD structure would you find detailed information on data collection and analysis methods? a) Introduction b) Methods c) Results d) Discussion Tip 18. What is a key feature of the Results section in the IMRaD structure? a) Including recommendations for future research b) Presenting data objectively using charts, figures, and/or tables c) Discussing the significance of the findings d) Providing the background of the study Tip 19. In which part of the IMRaD structure are the findings analyzed and interpreted? a) Introduction b) Methods c) Results d) Discussion Tip 20. Which of the following should NOT be included in the Results section of an IMRaD paper? a) Raw data presented in tables b) Interpretation of the data c) Charts and figures illustrating the data d) Objective presentation of data collected
