LESSON 1 - EAP PDF

English for Academic Purposes CLASS With Sir Jonathan At the end of this lesson, you should be able tO: define EAPP; identify forms of discourse; recognize structures of academic text; and use knowledge of text structure to glean the ne...

English for Academic Purposes CLASS With Sir Jonathan At the end of this lesson, you should be able tO: define EAPP; identify forms of discourse; recognize structures of academic text; and use knowledge of text structure to glean the needed information. What is eaPp? ESP: English for Specific Purposes EAP: EOP: English English for for Academic Occupational Purposes Purposes  English for academic purposes commonly known as Academic English refers to English language instruction specifically designed for students who plan to study in an English-speaking academic environment. English for academic purposes focuses on developing the language skills necessary for academic success, such as reading, writing, listening, and speaking in academic contexts. English for Occupational purposes refers to English language instruction designed to meet the specific language needs of individuals in various professional or occupational fields. English for Occupational purposes focuses on developing the language skills required for specific job roles or industries, such as medical English for healthcare professionals, business English for corporate executives, or aviation English for pilots and air traffic controllers. Academic texts is a written work that shares knowledge about a specific subject in a formal and organized way. Examples of academic textS book reviews critique papers essays movie analysis reports  research papers case studies journal articles theses dissertations  Examples of NON - academic textS Social media posts Blog posts Personal journal entries Fictional stories Letters Magazine articles E-mails Text messages Forms of discourse  discourse Discourse is “a unit of language larger than a sentence and which is firmly rooted in a specific context” and has a logically consistent and unified structure. The term is often used as an equivalent of text. Forms of discourse  Discourse is classified under any of the four forms — exposition, description, narration, and argumentation, based on the purpose of the language producer (speaker or writer)....TION It’s pronounced as  “SHN” not “SHON”. Forms of discourse 1. Exposition 2. Description 3. Narration 4. Argumentation 1. Exposition A form of discourse that serves to explain or inform; it appeals to the intellect. Examples: A research paper on the causes and effects of global warming; an article on child labor and child abuse. 2. DESCRIPTION A form of discourse that serves to describe or state the qualities or characteristics of something/someone; it appeals to the senses. Examples: A student's description of his ideal teacher; a writer's description of a locale he has recently visited.  3. narration A form of discourse that serves to narrate or tell a story; it appeals to the emotions. Examples: a narrative account of a student's near-death experience; a fictive story about an encounter with a supernatural being.  4. argumentation  A form of discourse that serves to argue or to persuade and/or take an action. Examples: an essay expounding on the importance of wearing school uniforms Forms of discourse 1. Exposition 2. Description 3. Narration 4. Argumentation StructureS of Academic Texts StructureS of Academic Texts is an important feature of academic writing. A well-structured text enables the reader to follow the argument and navigate the text. The Three-Part Essay Structure Introduction Body Conclusion The Three-Part Essay Structure The IMRaD Structure The sections of the IMRaD structure are Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion. The IMRaD Structure The Introduction usually depicts the background of the topic and the central focus of the study. The Methods lets your readers know your data collection methods, research instrument employed, sample size and so on. The IMRaD Structure Results and Discussion state the brief summary of the key findings or the results of your study. Argumentative Structure Introduction Background Supporting Evidence 1 Supporting Evidence 2 Supporting Evidence 3 Counter Arguments Supporting Evidence 1 Supporting Evidence 2 Supporting Evidence 3 Conclusions Report Structure Title Page report title your name submission date Executive summary - Abstract Table of Contents - Sections of the report and their corresponding page numbers Introduction - The purpose/objectives of the report Body - The very core of the report, the findings, substantial data and their analysis Conclusion - The major inferences drawn from the discussion of findings Reference List - List of reference material during research for report OTHER StructureS of Academic Texts Types of written text based on structural pattern and purpose DESCRIPTION  This text structure uses sensory detail to describe a thing, person, place or idea.  Burj Al Arab, repeatedly voted as the world's most luxurious hotel, is the 3rd tallest hotel in the world and the symbol of modern Dubai. It is located on an artificial island 280 meters from Jumeiran beach and is connected to the mainland by a private bridge. It stands 321 meters with 197 meters floor area, 18 elevators, and 202 rooms. It was designed to look like a sail of the ship by Tom Wright as the official architect from WKK Architects and structure engineer, Atkins. It has helipad at a height of 210 meters above ground. It was built in 1994 and completed in 1999. Problem-Solution  This structure presents a problem, its cause and possible solution.  Drug addiction is one of the biggest problems the Philippines is facing today. It is estimated that there are 3 million drug addicts in the country. It is believed that the proliferation of this problem that has reached epidemic proportion can be attributed to a number of politician and law enforcement high ranking officials that protect this multi-billion business. President Duterte is out there waging war, fighting tooth and nail against this problem. Because of this, a number of lives have been lost if not sacrificed because of the government's all-out war against this evil in the society. Chronological ORDER  This structure gives information in order of appearance or event. Because of the advent of technology and the popularity of social media, it is easy to grab video from any social media site like YouTube. To do so, first, one should install ClipGrab, then, copy the video link, select download format and quality and finally, grab the selected clip. Because of the advent of technology and the popularity of social media, it is easy to grab video from any social media site like YouTube. To do so, first, one should install ClipGrab, then, copy the video link, select download format and quality and finally, grab the selected clip. Comparison/Contrast This structure provides information on the similarities or differences of two things, persons, places, events and even ideas.  Former President Aquino and President Duterte have different approaches and achievements in their first 100 days. Former President Aquino campaigned against wangwang, ordered prove in media killing, carried out peace talks with NDFP, and boasted about stronger economy. On the other hand, President Duterte made rigid effort to eradicate illegal drugs in the country, thus, 700,000 drug pushers and addicts surrendered and illegal drugs supply decreased by 90% among others. Anyhow, to the best of their ability, both just did what they thought would be best for the country. Cause and Effect  This structure presents a concept or problem and provides reasons or explanation for such.  Drug menace, a horrible threat to Philippine society, is capable of destroying the physical component as well as the moral fiber of the community, particularly the youth. A wholesale war against it is absolutely necessary. A strong coordination between the community residents and law enforcement agencies together with the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) is badly needed to safeguard the social well-being of the people. Hence, the people are seriously warned that if this illegal trade is not controlled or eliminated, the Philippines and the Filipinos are destined to eternal destruction. EXERCISES: Identify the text structure used in the following  paragraphs. chronological order John was excited about his new job. He had been searching for employment for months and finally received an offer from his dream company. On his first day, he met his colleagues and got acquainted with the office layout. Throughout the week, he attended orientation sessions and learned about company policies and procedures. By the end of the week, John felt optimistic about his future at the company. comparison/contrast The solar system consists of the sun, eight planets, and numerous smaller celestial bodies like asteroids and comets. Each planet orbits the sun in a unique path and has distinct characteristics. For example, Mercury is the closest planet to the sun and experiences extreme temperatures, while Neptune is the farthest and has a frigid atmosphere of gases and ice. cause and effect The invention of the internet revolutionized communication and information sharing worldwide. With the click of a button, people can connect with others across the globe through email, social media, and video calls. Additionally, the internet provides access to vast amounts of information on virtually any topic, empowering individuals to learn, collaborate, and innovate like never before. Description As the radiant sun descended beyond the horizon, its golden rays cascaded over the tranquil lake, imbuing the rippling waters with a warm, ethereal glow. Towering trees encircled the serene scene, their verdant foliage swaying gently in the whispering breeze. In the midst of this natural symphony, a myriad of waterfowl glided gracefully across the mirrored surface, their melodious calls harmonizing with the tranquil ambiance.  Problem-solution To alleviate traffic congestion in urban areas, investment in public transportation infrastructure is crucial. This includes expanding bus and train routes, enhancing frequency and reliability, and promoting alternative modes like cycling and walking. Collaborative efforts among government agencies, urban planners, and transportation providers are essential for effective solutions. cause and effect Excessive consumption of sugary drinks can lead to weight gain and increased risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease. The high sugar content in these beverages contributes to elevated blood sugar levels and insulin resistance over time. As a result, individuals who regularly consume sugary drinks may experience adverse health outcomes. Description The pandemic has deeply affected the Philippines, leaving streets empty and quiet, where once there was bustling activity. People's faces show worry and uncertainty, as they grapple with the challenges brought by the virus. Life has changed drastically, with daily routines disrupted and a sense of unease lingering in the air. ANY QUESTIONS? Thank you for listening!