Nail Technician Study Guide PDF

# Nail Technician Study Guide ## Basic Nail Terminology 1. **Insulator:** A substance that does not easily transmit electricity. 2. **Direct current:** Constant, even-flowing electrical current traveling in one direction only. 3. **Orange wood stick:** Used for cleaning the free-edge of the nai...

# Nail Technician Study Guide ## Basic Nail Terminology 1. **Insulator:** A substance that does not easily transmit electricity. 2. **Direct current:** Constant, even-flowing electrical current traveling in one direction only. 3. **Orange wood stick:** Used for cleaning the free-edge of the nail. 4. **Strengthen the immune system:** The historical purpose of bloodletting. 5. **Nail bed:** Keratinized cells that bond together to form the nail body. 6. **Functional:** Clothing that is clean and stylish. 7. **Warm water:** Recommended for filling the pedicure foot bath. 8. **Parallel to the nail:** The angle a nail drill should be held when in use. 9. **Carry oxygen:** The function of red blood cells. 10. **Eponychium:** The skin that covers the matrix of the nail. 11. **Oval:** The usual shape of the apex. 12. **Injury or disease:** A condition that can cause a nail disorder. 13. **Vitamin D:** Produced by the skin when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) rays. 14. **OSHA:** Organization requiring the availability of Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for each professional product used in a salon. 15. **Chromophore:** A color component within the skin, such as blood or melanin. 16. **Dull edges:** Only curettes with this feature are safe for nail technicians to use. 17. **Comfort of the client:** The amount of pressure applied during a foot massage depends on this factor. 18. **Wipes thoroughly with 70% isopropyl alcohol:** The correct method for disinfecting metal manicuring implements. 19. **Foot soaks:** A product added to the water in a pedicure bath to soften the skin on the feet. 20. **Details of the service:** The purpose of taking notes of service during a consultation. 21. **4-6 visits:** The typical number of visits a client receiving a callus reduction series will require. 22. **Hard water:** Chelating detergents are cleansers designed specifically for use in this type of water. 23. **Wart:** Another name for verruca. 24. **Right foot:** The foot the pedicure service should begin with if a client is left-handed. 25. **Drawing the fingers together** The function of adductor muscles. 26. **Most:** The percentage of clients likely to experience a nail disorder. 27. **Self-leveling gel:** The type of UV gel that helps reduce filling and contouring. 28. **Increases circulation:** The reason why massaging the legs is not recommended for clients with high blood pressure. 29. **Antiseptics** Substances that help to stop the growth of microorganisms on the skin. 30. **Stop the service:** The action a practitioner should take if a client's skin is cut during a procedure. 31. **Family:** All nail enhancement products are based almost entirely on ingredients that come from this group. 32. **EMA:** Commonly used as a synonym for Ethyl methacrylate monomer liquid. 33. **A cuticle nipper:** An implement used to autoclave during a pedicure. 34. **Keep your body in a relaxed position:** The recommendation when performing a pedicure. ## Nail Enhancement 35. **Movements:** Combined with better work habits and proper tools and equipment, enhanced body posture promotes health and comfort. 36. **Adhesive:** Nail powders contain less benzoyl peroxide than acne treatments. 37. **Benzoyl peroxide** A substance found in nail powders and acne treatments. 38. **60 degrees:** The maximum angle your elbows should be from your body for extended periods of time. 39. **Electromagnetic spectrum:** The name given to all forms of energy that exist. 40. **Electrons:** Electricity is the movement of these particles from one atom to another along a conductor. 41. **Inverter:** A device that changes direct current into alternating current. 42. **Gel polish:** The recommendation for a client who cannot have artificial nails but wants a nail service. 43. **Paronychia:** An infection condition of the tissues surrounding the nail. 44. **Oil was left on the nail plate:** The most likely reason for nail polish to chip sooner than usual. 45. **Acetone:** Highly flammable, a good solvent, and effective in removing nail polish. 46. **Re-book the client:** The appropriate action after concluding a nail service. 47. **Solvents:** Used to dissolve solids, liquids, and gases. 48. **Circular:** The motion used to move joints on the finger. 49. **Clean and sanitized:** Implements that are cleaned with soap and water, dried, and placed in a UV light cabinet. 50. **Soften the skin:** The purpose of a paraffin wax treatment. 51. **Snugly under the free edge:** The ideal fit for a nail form when positioning it on a client's finger. 52. **Eponychium:** The matrix is covered by this part of the skin. 53. **Less effective:** Oils and lotions can cause disinfectants to have this effect. 54. **1/8 inch or 0.124 inches:** The average amount of growth of the fingernails in a month. 55. **Cross-linker:** These monomers join different polymer chains together. 56. **Fiberglass:** Nail forms generally are not made of this material. 57. **Speed up the reaction:** Adding a catalyst to a chemical reaction causes it to proceed at a faster rate. 58. **Frosted:** The appearance of a bead that looks created from a dry mix ratio. 59. **Accumulation of scar tissue:** Calluses are the result of this. 60. **Vertically:** The direction that nail ridges grow in. 61. **Never:** The circumstance where a client's living tissue should be cut. 62. **Nippers:** Used to trim away excess cuticles at the base of the nail. 63. **Acrylics:** The family of chemical ingredients that all nail enhancements and adhesives are based on. 64. **Clean and dry:** The required state of the natural nail for enhancements to adhere property. 65. **Manicure brush or nail brush:** Used to clean the nail plate. 66. **Thumb side of the arm and the back of the hand:** The area the radial artery supplies blood to. 67. **35:** On average, the C-curve on the nail enhancement depends on the C-curve of the natural nail by this percentage. 68. **Onychauxis:** Another term for hypertrophy of the nail. 69. **Cynoacrylates:** Nail adhesive is based on this material. 70. **Ingrown:** The nail condition known as plicatured nail often leads to this. 71. **90:** The angle the drill bit should be at when shortening acrylic nails with an electric file. 72. **Onychomadesis:** The term for the complete shedding of the nail plate. 73. **Sidewall to sidewall:** The criterion for determining the correct size nail tip. 74. **Dry:** The condition in which bacteria do not grow or multiply. 75. **Methacrylate:** All monomer liquids and polymer powders are based on this. 76. **Polymerization:** The chemical reaction that occurs during the curing process of acrylic nails. 77. **Cuticle:** This tissue can be very sticky and difficult to remove from the nail plate. 78. **Dirt and transient microorganisms:** The purpose of a scrub is to remove this from the nail. 79. **Foot soak:** An example of a product used to cleanse a client's feet. 80. **Aids in polish adhesion:** The reason oil should be removed from the nail before polish application. 81. **Liquid monomer:** Necessary for an acrylic nail enhancement service. 82. **Removing nail enhancements:** This is potentially the most damaging nail service performed in a salon. 83. **Nourish the client's skin:** The benefit of using Alpha hydroxyl acid (AHA) on the client's skin. 84. **5-10 minutes:** The appropriate soaking time for client's feet during a pedicure preparation. 85. **On the nail plate:** Where the nail primer should be applied when a client has bitten nails. 86. **A nurse:** This profession is likely to be most prone to paronychia. 87. **Recommend avoiding oil-based products:** The advice a practitioner should offer to prevent acrylic nails from lifting or cracking . 88. **Sterilization:** The destruction of all living microorganisms on a surface. 89. **Methacrylic acid primer was applied excessively** The most likely cause of a burning sensation on a client's feet. 90. **An autoclave:** Considered a strong machine for sterilizing nail tools. 91. **Suggest product best suited for the client:** The advice a practitioner should offer when consulting a client on home care products. 92. **Lunula:** The nail plate extends from the nail root to this feature. 93. **Onyxology:** The study of the structure and growth of the nail is also known as this. 94. **At each of the client's visit:** The frequency of consultations. 95. **To wash their hands:** The request a practitioner should make to a client after completing a nail service. 96. **Condition the skin:** Implements used to hydrate the skin have this primary function. 97. **Chalky white:** The dried appearance of acid based nail primer. 98. **Hazardous ingredients:** Information provided on a Safety Data Sheet (SDS). 99. **Keratin:** Nail plates are made of this protein. 100. **Spores:** Disinfectant kills all microorganisms except this. 101. **Fourth and fifth:** A fungal infection of the feet is most likely to strike between these toes. 102. **Mandrel:** A sanding band is placed onto this for use with an electric file. 103. **Bacteria:** One-celled microorganisms are also known as this. 104. **Heightened sensitivity:** Extra caution should be taken when performing services on a diabetic client. 105. **Clean and dry:** Before nail enhancements are applied, the natural nail must be in this state. 106. **Continue soak off in the acetone:** The appropriate response to a client request to remove a section of a gel polish overlay. 107. **Methacrylic acid primer was applied excessively:** The most likely cause of a burning sensation on a client's nails during an acrylic enhancement service. 108. **Diluted:** The appropriate action for a product labeled "concentrated". 109. **Micro motor machine:** The type of electric files most frequently used by nail professionals for artificial nails. 110. **Solid:** The form that polymers typically take. 111. **Phalanges:** The bones found on the fingers. 112. **Liquid sanitizer:** The alternative to soap for clients with an allergy to the ingredient in a hand soap. 113. **Clean with alcohol:** The appropriate action to take after a massage and before using nail polish. 114. **Holding the bit at the wrong angle:** This action may cause grooves in natural nails when using an electric file. 115. **Keep the file moving:** The recommendation for nail technicians when using an electric file. 116. **Free edge:** The area of the nail where the first bead should be placed during an acrylic service. 117. **Acetone:** A solvent. 118. **Non pathogenic:** The classification that refers to organisms that do not cause disease in humans. 119. **Pathogenic bacteria:** The most common cause of human infection and disease. 120. **Hyponychium:** The part of the skin under the free edge of the nail. 121. **Dry:** The condition in which bacteria do not grow or multiply. 122, **Straight across:** The proper shape to file toe nails. 123. **Plasticizers:** Additives that help nail polish with its flexibility. 124. **Removal of natural oils:** The effect of buffing with a fine/medium abrasive prior to a tip application. 125. **Growth slows and becomes more brittle:** A characteristic of the aging person's nails. 126. **At a 45-degree** The proper way to hold the hard file. 127. **Skin:** The part of the body that protects itself from toxins. 128. **Sterilization:** The destruction of all living microorganisms on a surface. 129. **Thick and strong:** The ideal state of the nail plate before applying a nail enhancement product. 130. **At the cuticle:** The area where the first bead should go when prepping an acrylic nail. 131. **240:** The file grit recommended for reducing thickness of nail enhancements surfaces. 132. **Snug to the hyponychium, leaving no space between it and the form:** The appropriate placement for a form when a client has severe onychophagy. 133. **Self-leveling gel:** The type of UV gel that is used to reduce filling and contouring later. 134. **Matrix:** Permanent distortion of a natural nail can occur if this part of the nail is injured. 135. **A closed, clean container:** The proper storage location for disinfected implements. 136. **Only when the client no longer wants to wear it:** The recommendation for when nail enhancements should be removed. 137. **Clean soap and water first:** When foot spas should be disinfected. 138. **Replace with a new towel:** The recommendation for the practitioner when cleaning the table towel after a service. 139. **Contact area:** The part of the tip that should be blended for a client with onychomadesia who wants a full set of tips with an overlay. 140. **Gel or acrylic is formed to cover and extend past the client's free edge:** The way sculpture nails differ from tips. 141. **Remove the gel:** The likely cause of a client complaint about an hour after a maintenance appointment for gel enhancements. 142. **Contraindications:** The caution practitioners should use while performing a hand massage on clients with conditions like hypertension, pneumonia, or a wound. 143. **Reduce and soften callus:** The purpose of callus treatment during a pedicure service. 144. **Contact area:** The part of the tip that should be blended for a client with onychophagy who wants a full set of tips with an overlay. 145. **Yes, like any other multi-use implement:** The need to sanitize and disinfect electric file bits. 146. **Ethyl methacrylate:** Brown and black lines appearing under the nail plate in a direction are known as this. 147. **Fumes:** A mixture of sootlike particles and vapors. 148. **Abductor:** A cuticle separator that allows the practitioner to polish. 149. **Tibia:** The larger bones that form the leg below the knee. 150. **Bacteria, surface oils, contaminants:** The materials scrubbed from the nail plate prior to an UV gel service. 151. **Oligomer:** A short chain of monomers that has halted in growth prior to becoming a polymer. 152. **Away from the hyponychium:** The angle the nails nippers should be held when shortening toenails. 153. **A disposable brush:** What is used to apply cuticle oil. 154. **EPA:** The agency that disinfected should be registered with. 155. **Methacrylic acid primer was applied excessively:** The most likely cause for a client to feel a burning sensation when returning for maintenance on link and white acrylic. 156. **Tiny fibers:** The composition of nail hardeners. 157. **Heat:** The result of an exothermic reaction that may occur during the bonding of a UV gel. 158. **Chemistry:** The science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter. 159. **Sanitizing the client's hands:** The one step not included in post service. 160. **First coat of colored polish:** The second step when applying nail polish. 161. **Kneading movement:** The description of petrissage. 162. **Dry:** The condition in which bacteria do not grow and multiply. 163. **Properly labeled:** The appropriate state for all products on the manicure table. 164. **Friction:** The primary massage manipulate performed during a pedicure. 165. **Items exposed to blood:** What should be double-bagged prior to disposal. 166. **Elastin:** This gives skin its pliability. 167. **Callus remover:** An exfoliation product used during a pedicure. 168. **Onychophagy (onychorrhexis):** The term for split or bitten nails. 169. **Bacterial infection or bacteria:** The cause of a previously yellow-green spot under an artifical nail turned back to a normal color. 170. **Ulnar:** The nerve that extends into the fingers. 171. **Straight:** The correct way to trim toenail. 172. **Use fine side of emery board:** The recommendation for a client with eggshell nails. 173. **Disinfection:** The example of using an antiseptic on hands. 174. **Emery board:** The item that cannot be sanitized or disinfected. 175. **Wipes the implements with soap and water, then dry them:** The action a practitioner should take before disinfecting implements. 176. **Nippers:** Used to take away excess cuticle at the base of the nail. 177. **Place form under free edge:** The appropriate action when sculpting an acrylic nail. 178. **Cause splitting and peeling:** The likely result of using a back-and-forth motion while filing the natural nail. 179. **Friction:** The primary massage manipulate performed during a pedicure. 180. **MMA methyl methacrylate gel:** The type of molecule a light-cured gel is. 181. **An infection:** The indication of pus being present. 182. **The point where the free edge meets the tip:** The "position stop" of a tip. 183. **Snugly under the free edge:** The way a nail form should fit on a client's finger. 184. **Onychomycosis:** A fungal infection that causes nail disease. 185. **Brush handle:** The appropriate tool for determining acrylic cure time. 186. **15-20 seconds:** The minimum amount of time hands should be scrubbed together while washing. 187. **Polymerization:** The reason UV gel polish differs from traditional nail polish. 188. **After every use:** The frequency with which removable components of a pipeless foot spa should be scrubbed. 189. **Tapotement:** The muscle technique that involves the practitioner rapidly striking movements. 190. **Gently:** The manner in which a practitioner should push back the cuticles. 191. **Sculpt the nail:** The action a practitioner should take when a client's nail is broken. 192. **Curete:** The implement used to clean under the free edge during a pedicure. 193. **Friction:** The primary massage manipulate that is performed during a pedicure. 194. **Flagella:** Hair like extensions that enable bacteria to move. 195. **Gastrocnemius:** The muscle that pulls the foot downward. 196. **Decontamination:** The removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials on a item's surface and visible debris such as dust, hair, and skin. 197. **90:** The angle the drill bit should be at when shortening acrylic nails with an electric file. 198. **Inflammation of the nails:** The definition of onychia. 199. **Free edge:** The part of the nail that should be examined when performing a stress test. 200. **To regulate toxic products:** The purpose of the EPA. 201. **After it has been sterilized:** When metal implements can be used on the next client. 202. **Metacarpus:** The bone in the palm of the hand. 203. **Wash hands:** One of the most important ways to avoid skin overexposure. 204. **Massage:** The action a practitioner should take before performing a parrafin treatment. 205. **Before soaking:** The appropriate time to fill the natural nail. 206. **Parrafin wax:** A service that traps moisture in the skin and opens pores. 207. **Bed:** The portion of the skin beneath the nail body. 208. **Acetone:** A chemical found in nail products that when exposed to a UV or LED light triggers curing. 209. **Photoinitiator:** The chemical found in nail products that when exposed to a UV or LED light triggers curing. 210. **Contact area:** The area of the tip that should be blended during a fill-in service. 211. **Sanitize their own hands:** The first step a practitioner should take before performing a pedicure. 212. **To the new growth tips:** The location where the fill-in product should be added to the sculpture nail. 213. **Lift:** Acrylic applied to thick can cause this to the nails. 214. **Put on gloves:** The first action a practitioner should take after cutting a client during a manicure. 215. **Liquid:** Acrylic monomer is this state. 216. **Oil was left on the nail plate:** The most likely reason for nail polish to chip sooner than usual. 217. **Manicuring tables, hands, finger bowl, and client cushion:** Examples of equipment. 218. **Equipment:** The category that a client complaining that their nail feel warm and painful falls into. 219. **1/2:** The amount of the nail plate that the well of the nail tip should cover. 220. **Sculpting gel:** The type of gel that can flash-cured. 221. **After disinfecting the table:** When the towel should be placed on the nail table when preparing for a manicures. 222. **Onycholysis:** The term for the nail plate becoming loose or separating. 223. **Onychomycosis:** A fungal infection disease. 224. **Split nails:** A condition that a practitioner may be able to care for. 225. **Household bleach:** Another name for sodium hypochlorite. 226. **Wheal:** A skin lesion that can be itchy, red or pale in color, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours. 227. **Resist disease and destroy microorganisms:** The body's ability to do this is known as immunity. 228. **Into the corners:** The area a practitioner should avoid filing into to prevent an ingrown nail. 229. **File the V into the crack or flush:** The appropriate action when repairing a crack in the acrylic nails. 230. **Heart condition:** A foot massage is not recommended for a client with this. 231. **Under a UV light:** The circumstance in which a client experiencing warm and painful nails is likely to be experiencing improper application. 232. **There is direct natural light in the work area:** The circumstance that is most likely to cause a problem when using a gel service. 233. **Improve adhesion:** The main purpose of a priming agent. 234. **Increase sensitivity:** The effect affliates can have on the skin. 235. **Spirilla:** These bacteria propel themselves in a liquid. 236. **Soften and smooth calluses:** The description of calloused feet during a pedicure service. 237. **A solvent:** A chemical that dissolves another substance. 238. **A chemical reaction:** The result of combining a monomer and a polymer. 239. **Polymerization:** The process of putting smaller repeating units called monomers together to form long molecules. 240. **Stimulate blood circulation:** The purpose of a petrissage massage. 241. **Firm touch:** The appropriate level of touch when tickling the client during a pedicure is not appropriate for the practitioner. 242. **Bleach:** The disinfectant not appropriate for salon use. 243. **The movement is too slow:** The likely cause of an electric file bogging down. 244. **Stronger the bond:** The result of more bonds in polymerization. 245. **Replace paper towel after service:** The action a practitioner should take if a client service only required nail polish change. 246. **Avoid eating in the work area:** The action a practitioner should take if they are cut while filing the client's nails. 247. **Antiseptic:** The appropriate product to apply when a practitioner is cut while filing a client's nails. 248. **Initiators:** The catalyst used to reduce drying time, is energised by this. 249. **Contact dermatitis:** The disease that a practitioner should refer a client to a physician for. 250. **Absorbent material:** Porous is defined or made or constructed of this. 251. **A spatula:** The implement used to remove nail cosmetics from their containers. 252. **Tapotement:** The massage movement that involves light tapping or slapping. 253. **At the time the appointment is made:** When a client should be asked about allergies. 254. **Identify the contents:** The action a practitioner should take if they find an unlabeled premixed disinfectant solution. 255. **Square:** The shape the corners of the toenails should be filed. 256. **Melanoma:** This is a type of skin cancer. 257. **Flat:** The type acrylic brush that holds the least amount of liquid. 258. **Thrown away:** The appropriate action to take after a service when the toenail separators cannot be cleaned or disinfected. 259. **Anabolism:** The process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones. 260. **Digital:** The nerve that supplies the fingers. 261. **A few minutes:** The time a person can live deprived of oxygen. 262. **Skin tag:** A small flesh-colored outgrowth of skin. 263. **Asymptomatic:** The term for having symptoms but not showing no symptoms or signs of infection. 264. **Tapotement:** The muscle technique that involves rapid striking movements. 265. **Tuberculocidal:** A type of disinfectant often used in hospitals. 266. **The manufacturer's recommendations:** What a practitioner should follow to enhance the effectiveness of products. 267. **1/20:** The amount of the body's total weight that blood comprises. 268. **Metacarpus:** The bones of the palm are called this. 269. **Sanitation:** The lowest level of decontamination. 270. **Skin:** The organ that eliminates sweat containing waste products. 271. **OSHA:** The organization requiring that Safety Data Sheets (SDS) be available on each professional product used in the salon. 272. **Keratin:** The protein that forms the nail plate. 273. **Nonpathogenic:** The classification that refers to bacteria that are not disease-causing. 274. **Patella:** The bond that forms the cap of the knee. 275. **Inhibition layer:** The tacky layer created by odorless products that harden more slowly. 276. **30 minutes:** The amount of time it takes for natural oil and moisture to return to the nail plate after dehydration. 277. **To reduce chemical odors:** The reason trash is placed in a covered waste receptacle. 278. **Wrapping nail with acetone-soaked material:** The way to remove gel polish. 279. **Entire nail:** The area where gel should be applied when performing maintenance on one color gel nails. 280. **Remove previous polish:** The first step in a manicure or nail service. 281. **Synthetic brush:** The additional piece of equipment needed for a gel application. 282. **Cuticle:** The fold of skin around the base of the fingernails. 283. **Bottoms of their feet prior to applying a callus reducer:** The circumstance in which the practitioner should reduce the callus using a foot file. 284. **Dust mask:** What is most important to the safety of the practitioner when using an electric file. 285. **Diamond and carbide:** The two bits that should not be used on a natural nail. 286. **Before polish application:** When a massage should be performed. 287. **240:** The nail file grit recommended for reducing thickness of nail enhancements surfaces. 288. **Methacrylic acid primer was applied excessively:** The most likely cause for a client to feel a burning sensation. 289. **Cleansed with alcohol:** The appropriate action to take immediately after performing a massage during a pedicure. 290. **Wart:** Another term for verruca. 291. **Ensure the feet are dry:** The appropriate action to take when smoothing a callus with an electric file. 292. **Skin:** The organ that helps protect the body from toxins. 293. **The movement is too slow:** The likely cause of an electric file bogging down. 294. **A solvent:** A substance that dissolves another substance. 295. **Condition the skin:** The primary function of a hydrating mask. 296. **Matrix:** The part that determines the curvature of the nail plate. 297. **Sculptured nail:** The recommendation for a client who expressed a desire for enhance nail length. 298. **Hypertrophy of nail:** Another term for Onychauxis. 299. **Household bleach:** Another name for sodium hypochlorite. 300. **Washing hands:** The action that can help to prevent product overexposure. 301. **Monomer:** The product to use to clean a sable brush. 302. **An infection:** The indication of pus being present. 303. **Hyponychium:** The location where to place a finger when soaking during a pink and white sculpture nail application. 304. **Remove the bead and apply a new one:** The action to take when the acrylic bead on a free edge is translucent and not holding form. 305. **Methyl methacrylate:** The monomer that has been banned by the FDA. 306. **Keeps the file moving:** The action that a practitioner should take when working with an electric file. 307. **Tinea pedis:** A bacterial infection transmitted through soaking in a contaminated pedicure tub. 308. **Removing product build up on surfaces:** The purpose of chelating soaps. 309. **Chemistry:** The science that deals with composition, structure, and properties of matter. 310. **Trim excess cuticle and hangnails:** The function of cuticle nippers. 311. **Skin:** The organ that helps protect the body from toxins. 312. **Exposure incident:** The term for treating all bodily fluids using a consistent infection control procedure. 313. **Snugly on top of the nail over the free edge:** The way a nail form should fit on a client's finger. 314. **Contaminated:** The condition that reduces the effectiveness of nail primer. 315. **Liquid monomer:** The substance needed for an acrylic nail enhancement service. 316. **Orange wood stick:** The implement used for cleaning the free-edge when preparing for an acrylic nail service. 317. **Dehydrator:** The product used to remove residual oil from the nail plate before nail tip application. 318. **Greeting the client and beginning the removal of nail polish immediately:** The steps included in the preservice for an acrylic nail enhancement. 319. **Sanitation:** The low-level reduction of surface bacteria. 320. **Flexor:** The muscle that straightens the wrist, hand, and fingers. 321. **Flat on top of the nail:** The position a bit should be used when using an electric file. 322. **High blood pressure:** The condition requiring a physician's approval before massages can be performed. 323. **Leukonychia:** The term for white spots on the nails. 324. **Household bleach:** Another name for sodium hypochlorite. 325. **Washing hands:** The action that can help to prevent product overexposure. 326. **Prepares the nail surface for bonding with the acrylic material:** The purpose of nail primer. 327. **Monomer:** The product to use to clean a sable brush. 328. **An infection:** The indication of pus being present. 329. **Hyponychium:** The location where to place a finger when soaking during a pink and white sculptured nail application. 330. **Remove the bead and apply a new one:** The action to take when the acrylic bead on a free edge is translucent and not holding form. 331. **Methyl methacrylate:** The monomer that has been banned by the FDA. 332. **Keep the file moving:** The action that a practitioner should take when working with an electric file. 333. **Tinea pedis:** A bacterial infection transmitted through soaking in a contaminated pedicure tub. 334. **Removing product build up on surfaces:** The purpose of chelating soaps. 335. **Chemistry:** The science that deals with composition, structure, and properties of matter. 336. **Weekly pedicure spa disinfection guidelines require that the disinfectant: 10 minutes:** The time period that the disinfectant should be in contact with the surface during weekly spa disinfection. 337. **Brush:** The implement used to remove debris from under the free edge during a manicure. 338. **Avoid eating in the work area:** The action a practitioner should take if they are cut while filling a client's nails. 339. **Cuticle nippers:** The implement that must be disinfected. 340. **Inflammation in the nails:** The definition of onychia. 341. **Polymerization:** UV gel polish differs from traditional nail polish because it cures by this process. 342. **Aids in polish adhesion:** The reason oil should be removed from the nail before polish application. 343. **Free edge:** The term for the part of the nail that extends beyond the end of the finger. 344. **Straight across:** The proper shape to file toenail. 345. **Cuticle:** The fold of skin around the base of the fingernail. 346. **Cuticle remover:** The product to use to minimize and soften the dead cuticle from around the eponychium. 347. **Crystallization:** The action that is prevented by covering polymer and monomer containers when not in use. 348. **An EPA-registered product:** The container where disinfected implements should be stored. 349. **Rinse with water:** What should be done immediately after removing implements from disinfectant. 350. **Annually:** The frequency with which a client's health record form should be updated. 351. **Micromotor machine:** The type of electric file that is suitable for artificial