1_1- Intro to Computer Hardware Part 1.pdf

FBT0015/FCT0015/FCT0035 STRUCTURED ALGORITHM & PROGRAMMING SEMESTER SEPTEMBER 2024 1 OUTLINE The Course Planner Chapter 1 Introduction to Computer 2 THE COURSE TEACHING TEAM Course Code & Name FBT0015/FCT0015/FCT0035 S...

FBT0015/FCT0015/FCT0035 STRUCTURED ALGORITHM & PROGRAMMING SEMESTER SEPTEMBER 2024 1 OUTLINE The Course Planner Chapter 1 Introduction to Computer 2 THE COURSE TEACHING TEAM Course Code & Name FBT0015/FCT0015/FCT0035 Structured Algorithm & Programming Credit Hours 5 Units Lecture 4 Hours per Week Lab 2 Hours per Week (1 lab session*2 hours per week) Teaching Team Afnan Amirruddin (CFS) -COURSE COORDINATOR Email: [email protected] Zuraini Hanim Bt Zaini (CFS) -LECTURER Email: [email protected] 3  THE COURSE Each student should attend 2 lectures ,within his/her lecture group for SAP, every week. (Lc1 & Lc2) Starting week 3, student will need to attend 1 lab sessions every week (compulsory). THE COURSE OUTCOME Synopsis This course is designed to introduce students to computer technologies, problem solving using computers including basic techniques of designing computing solution and fundamental concepts in programming by writing working programs. COURSE OUTCOME SURVEY will be used to measure whether the OBJECTIVES are met or not Objectives Upon successful completion of this course, students should be able to: 1.explain basic concepts in computing, 2.solve problem systematically using a computer logic approach 3.develop a working computer program using programming language 6  Final Examination(50%) THE COURSE ASSESSMENT Coursework (50%) Test 1 + Test 2 (20%) Lab works (15%) + Lab Test (5%) Quizzes (10%) 7 THE COURSE COURSE PLANNER CHAPTER 1 LESSON OUTCOMES By the end of this chapter, student will be able to understand… COMPUTER, SYSTEM HARDWARE, SOCIAL DATABASE, BIG SECURITY & DEVELOPMENT NETWORK, NETWORKING DATA & DATA COMPUTER SOFTWARE ANALYTIC ETHIC 10  Computer Hardware CHAPTER 1 OUTLINE Computer Software Emerging Technologies & Ethics 11 WHAT IS A COMPUTER? Computer is an electronic machine that can receive, process or store data according to a set of instructions (computer program) and output information. input Process output 12 data information DATA REPRESENTATION IN COMPUTER Data is represented in digital form Two states: on (digit 1) and off (digit 0) Digit 0 and 1 is known as bits Data in Binary (short for binary digit). (11 minutes) 8 bits = 1 byte https://youtu be/1GSjbWt0c 9M 13 DATA REPRESENTATION IN COMPUTER ❑Most popular coding schemes: ❑American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), ❑Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC), ❑UniCode ❑In the ASCII table, value of capital letter is smaller than small letter 14  CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS Laptop, tablet, all-in- PERSONAL one, desktop. Suitable COMPUTER to be placed on a table Smartphone, digital camera, digital MOBILE media player, e-book reader, COMPUTER wearable devices, game console. Portable and fits by hand-carrying A special-purpose EMBEDDED computer that functions COMPUTER as a component in a larger product. Small and 15 embedded into devices Image from alienarena.com, techradar.com, fitbit,seminartopic  CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS Computer dedicated to provide service(s) to another computer in a network SERVER Small cupboard Large, expensive, powerful server that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected MAIN users simultaneously. FRAMES Half a room to a room full Capable of processing many SUPER trillions of instructions in a single COMPUTER second A room full of equipment 16  “Man is still the most extraordinary computer of all.” John F. Kennedy 17 Extracted from https://www.statista.com/statistics/264445/number-of-supercomputers-worldwide-by-country/ (Data in June 2022) COMPUTER COMPONENTS (HARDWARE & SOFTWARE) 19  system unit memory and storage devices COMPUTER input devices HARDWARE output devices network devices 20  SYSTEM UNIT Contains all the electrical components that the computer uses to process data. 21  SYSTEM UNIT Processor (central processing unit, CPU) interprets and manages most of the computer's operation. 2 roles of CPU ❶ Direct and coordinate all computer operations (conducted by control unit), and ❷ perform arithmetic and logical operations(comparison) on data (conducted by arithmetic and logic unit). 22 Source: Google Images  MEMORY An internal storage unit that stores: ✓Operating system and other system software of the computer and its devices (ROM) ✓Application programs with tasks (RAM) ✓Data being processed by programs and its results. (RAM) 23 EXTERNAL STORAGE Image Source: Google Images  STORAGE DEVICES Data, instructions and information could be stored for future usage. Eg. music, movies, assignment, pictures To use, it could be transferred from storage devices to computer memory (RAM) Writing is the process of saving data, instructions or information from memory to storage medium. Reading is the process to recall data from a storage medium to memory. 24  RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM) Computer Memory or RAM is an ordered sequence of storage locations or memory cells, each of which has a unique memory address. Memory cell is an individual storage location in memory. How data is stored in computer memory? Each bytes resides temporarily in memory has an address. This address is a unique number that identifies the location of the memory. 25 Image Source: Google Images RAM Memory cell Assigning a new data to a memory cell will destroy its previous content Page 26 of 20  Secondary MEMORY Main Memory Memory (Storage Devices) Provides semi- There are 2 types of permanent data main memory storage capability RAM – temporary storage and volatile (contents is gone when the computer is switch off) ROM – stores information permanently and NOT volatile 27  INPUT / OUTPUT DEVICES data or instructions that user or other sources INPUT gives to the computer on how it should operate Input devices accept input to computer the useful outcome after the computer has OUTPUT completed its operation Output devices transmit output from computer 28 NAME 10 INPUT DEVICES, (EXCLUDE KEYBOARD & GAME PAD..) NAME 10 OUTPUT DEVICES, (EXCLUDE SPEAKER & MONITOR) NAME A DEVICE THAT COULD ACCEPT INPUT AND ALSO SHARE OUTPUT 29  Example Of Input Devices Flatbed Scanner Touch tablet Handheld scanner Keyboard Magnetic stripe Thumbprint reader Mouse OMR WebScanner Cam Microphone 30 And many more…  Example Of Output Devices Printer Monitor Projector Speaker Headphone Plotter 3D Printer 31 And many more… NETWORK DEVICES Identify the network devices? Page 32 of 20 NETWORK DEVICES More devices used for wireless communication GPS units, ZigBee technology, wireless router, wireless repeater, Bluetooth adapter Page 33 of 20  NETWORK DEVICES CLIENT SERVER MODEL Example in loading a page 1.Ask for a webpage (with a URL) 2.Your computer (client) asks another computer at that URL (server) for the information (request) 3.Request is sent to the server through a sequence of routers 4.Server decodes the request, sends back the information (response) 5.Client interprets the response Page 34 of 20 NETWORK DEVICES INTERNET is a network of network 2022 Page 35 of 20 NETWORK DEVICES CLOUD COMPUTING An environment that provides resources and services accessed via the Internet. Resources include email messages, schedules, music, photos, videos, games, websites, programs, web apps, servers, storage, and more. Services include accessing software, storing files online, and configuring an environment of servers for optimal performance. Instead of accessing these resources and services locally, it could be accessed on the cloud. Microsoft One Drive, Microsoft Outlook 365, Google Drive, Google Gmail and many more are making use of this technology 36 WE ARE AT THE END OF DISCUSSION FOR COMPUTER HARDWARE.. YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DESCRIBE AND IDENTIFY INPUT DEVICES OUTPUT DEVICES SYSTEM UNIT MEMORY AND STORAGE DEVICES NETWORK DEVICES TO BE 37 CONTINUED..