Computer Hardware and Software PDF

2.0 COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE School of Education Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities  2.1 COMPUTER HARDWARE Computer Hardware 3  Computer Hardware Computer hardware is the physical components that a computer system req...

2.0 COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE School of Education Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities  2.1 COMPUTER HARDWARE Computer Hardware 3  Computer Hardware Computer hardware is the physical components that a computer system requires to function. A motherboard is an electronic circuit board in a computer which interconnects hardware devices attached to it. 4 Computer Hardware: Motherboard 5  Computer Hardware Four categories of computer hardware devices: Input Devices: For raw data input. Processing Devices: To process raw data instructions into information. Output Devices: To disseminate data and information. Storage Devices: For data and information retention. 6  Computer Hardware RAM CPU’s Hard Floppy CD ROM Memory Processors Motherboards Drives Drives Drives Video Mice Keyboards Modems Monitors Printers Cards Multimedia Sound Video Backup Computer Other Speakers Cards Camera Drive Cases Equipment 7  Hardware: Processing Devices When a computer receives data from an input device, the data must go through an intermediate stage before it can be sent to an output device. A processing device is any device in a computer that handles this intermediate stage. 8  Hardware: Processing Devices Some of the most common processing devices in a computer include the following: – Central processing unit (CPU) – Graphics processing unit (GPU) 9  Hardware: Input Devices An input device is any hardware device that sends data to a computer, allowing you to interact with and control it. 10  Hardware: Output Devices An output device is any peripheral that receives data from a computer, usually for display, projection, or physical reproduction.  Hardware: Storage Devices Alternatively referred to as digital storage, storage, storage media, or storage medium, a storage device is any hardware capable of holding information either temporarily or permanently. RAM VS ROM  2.2 COMPUTER SOFTWARE  Computer Software System Application Programming Software Software Software 14  System Software Systems software, are all designed to control and coordinate the procedures and functions of computer hardware. They actually enable functional interaction between hardware, software and the user. Systems software carries out middleman tasks to ensure communication between other software and hardware to allow harmonious coexistence with the user. 15  System Software Systems software can be categorized under the following: Harnesses communication between hardware, system Operating system programs, and other applications. Enables device communication with the OS and other Device driver programs. Enables device control and identification. Firmware Translates high-level languages to low-level machine Translator codes. Ensures optimum functionality of devices and Utility applications. 16  Application Software Application software is used for attaining specific tasks. Application software uses the capacity of a computer directly for specific tasks and are used to manipulate text, graphics and numbers. 17  Application Software The different types of application software include the following: Application Software Type Examples Word processing software MS Word, WordPad and Notepad Database software Oracle, MS Access etc Spreadsheet software Apple Numbers, Microsoft Excel Multimedia software Real Player, Media Player Presentation Software Microsoft Power Point, Keynotes Enterprise Software Customer relationship management system Information Worker Software Documentation tools, resource management tools Dictionaries: Encarta, BritannicaMathematical: MATLABOthers: Educational Software Google Earth, NASA World Wind Simulation Software Flight and scientific simulators Content Access Software Accessing content through media players, web browsers Application Suites OpenOffice, Microsoft Office Software for Engineering and Product Development IDE or Integrated Development Environments 18  Programming Software Programming software usually provides tools to assist a programmer in writing computer programs and software using different programming languages in a more convenient way. The tools include text editors, compilers, interpreters, linkers, debuggers, and so on. Programming software examples - Turbo C, Xilinx, Kiel, compilers, debuggers, Integrated Development Environment (IDE), etc. 19  Sub-Type of Computer Software Apart from the major types of computer software, there are many other sub-types such as: software that anyone can download from the Internet and use for free. Freeware Examples - Google Talk, Yahoo Messenger, uTorrent, etc.) Software that usually distributed for free on a trial basis. It can be shared without violation of any laws. Shareware They usually stop working or prompt the user to purchase the full version, once the trial period expires. Examples - BearShare, Kazaa, Winzip, etc.) software with open source code, which is available to all users. As such, anyone can make changes to it and release their own Open Source Software new version. Example- Android OS, OpenOffice, etc.) 20  Application Software The different types of application software include the following: Application Software Type Examples Word processing software MS Word, WordPad and Notepad Database software Oracle, MS Access etc Spreadsheet software Apple Numbers, Microsoft Excel Multimedia software Real Player, Media Player Presentation Software Microsoft Power Point, Keynotes Enterprise Software Customer relationship management system Information Worker Software Documentation tools, resource management tools Dictionaries: Encarta, BritannicaMathematical: MATLABOthers: Educational Software Google Earth, NASA World Wind Simulation Software Flight and scientific simulators Content Access Software Accessing content through media players, web browsers Application Suites OpenOffice, Microsoft Office Software for Engineering and Product Development IDE or Integrated Development Environments 21  2.3 COMPUTER ASSEMBLY  Computer Assembly Watch the motherboard assembly tutorial here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WOOZ7qjSzy4 23