Leaves PDF - October 2024 - Adamson University

Leaves Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO College of Pharmacy Adamson University October 2024 General Description Flattened, rarely semi-centric or centric lateral expanse Seldom develops buds October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College o...

Leaves Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO College of Pharmacy Adamson University October 2024 General Description Flattened, rarely semi-centric or centric lateral expanse Seldom develops buds October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 2 Leaf Functions Conversion of inorganic matter to organic Foliage Photosynthesis sugar, starch, other complex substances Assimilation Respiration Transpiration October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 3 Origin and Development of Leaves Dermatogen – located on the growing stem apex Periblem – gives rise to mesophyll Plerome – vascular tissue within the mesophyll October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 4 Leaf Texture Membranous Thin and pliable Succulent Thick and fleshy Coriaceous Thick and leathery October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 5 Leaf Duration Persistent / Evergreen Remains green for a year or more Deciduous Unfolding in spring and falling in autumn Caducous / Fugacious Falling early in the season October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 6 Histology October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 7 Epidermis Upper and lower surfaces of leaf blades Additional protection Against injury Water loss Upper epidermis Lower epidermis October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 8 Epidermis Cuticle Waxy layer Composed of cutin Varies in thickness October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 9 Epidermis Stomata Minute openings Gas exchange Lower epidermis Average of 100 square millimeters October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 10 Epidermis Guard cells Open and close stoma Without chloroplasts Subsidiary cells Reservoir of water and ions October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 11 Epidermis Trichomes Hair-like structure Help reduce water loss Retains a layer of moist air Reflects sunlight Secrete stinging irritants or excess salts October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 12 Mesophyll Gk. – “middle of the leaf” Between epidermal layers Parenchyma cells with chloroplasts October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 13 Mesophyll Palisade mesophyll Columnar cells Main site for photosynthesis Thicker when exposed to sunlight October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 14 Mesophyll Spongy mesophyll Loosely and more irregularly arranged Allow diffusion of gases October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 15 Veins / Vascular bundle Extend through the mesophyll Extensive branching Xylem Phloem October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 16 Bundle sheaths One or more layers of non-vascular cells Surround larger cells Composed of parenchyma or sclerenchyma October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 17 Histologic Difference Between Dicots and Monocots Dicots Monocots Epidermal cells usually Epidermal cells are isodiametric elongated and equilateral Numerous but small Large stomata stomata Non-glandular and Hairs are rare glandular hairs are frequent October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 18 Histologic Difference Between Dicots and Monocots Dicots Monocots Abundant leaf glands Rare leaf glands Water stomata over the Water stomata are absent upper surface are or rare frequent Palisade and spongy Palisade and spongy parenchyma are distinct parenchyma are less and former is denser dense and distinct October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 19 Histologic Difference Between Dicots and Monocots Dicots Monocots Indurated vascular Less indurated vascular bundles bundles Greater variety of Comparatively small accessory products of variety of accessor assimilation are products of assimilation developed are developed October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 20 Types of Leaves October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 21 Developed in Angiosperms Cotyledons Embryonic leaves Initial leaves October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 22 Developed in Angiosperms Scale leaves Reduced foliage leaves Certain rhizomes, above the ground stems, and on bulbs October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 23 Developed in Angiosperms Foliage leaves Common green leaves Photosynthesis Common source of drugs October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 24 Developed in Angiosperms Bract leaves Modified leaves Appears on inflorescence axis October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 25 Developed in Angiosperms Floral leaves Sepals Petals Microsporophyll Megasporophyll October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 26 According to Completeness Complete Lamina or leaf blade Petiole or leaf stalk Stipule Sessile Lamina directly attached to stem October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 27 According to Completeness Petiolate Stipulate Exstipulate October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 28 Specialized Leaves Leaf tendrils Hooks Stipules Spines Bud scales October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 29 Specialized Leaves Bracts Bladder Prophyll Storage Cotyledons Insect-trapping October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 30 Specialized Leaves Reproductive Phyllode Flowerpot October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 31 According to Venation October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 32 According to Phyllotaxy October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 33 According to Leaf Apex October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 34 According to Margin October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 35 Leaf Forms October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 36 Leaf Base October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 37 Physiology October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 38 Transpiration Water loss in plants Occur through the stomata Affected by environmental conditions Wind Temperature Relative humidity October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 39 Transpiration Benefits Water movement Cooling off plants Accumulation of minerals Disadvantage May cause wilting October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 40 Guttation Water is forced out of leaves Occurs at the tips of leaf veins known as hydathodes October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 41 Abscission Normal and seasonal falling off leaves or other plant parts Help plants survive in low temperatures October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 42 Abscission: Process Plants reabsorbs sugar and essential minerals Substances are transported out of leaves Chlorophyll is broken down Red water-soluble pigments are synthesized Stored in vacuole of leaf cells Replaced by carotenoids and/or anthocyanins October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 43 Abscission: Zone Area where leaves fall off Structurally different from surrounding tissues Development of suberized cork cells Enzyme dissolve the middle lamella before the winter October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 44 Photosynthesis and Respiration October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 45 End of Lecture Next topic: Metabolic Process in Plant Cells October 2024 Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy, Adamson University 46