04_SR_ICC_Notes_M1.pdf

Define a computer © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. The language of computers A computer manipulates data using sequences of numbers, combination of ones (1s) and zeroes (0s), called binary bits: Correspond to on or off electrical signals Are the small...

Define a computer © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. The language of computers A computer manipulates data using sequences of numbers, combination of ones (1s) and zeroes (0s), called binary bits: Correspond to on or off electrical signals Are the smallest piece of information that a computer can store Combined by the computer in different ways so that you see a photo, a game, or the letters that you type on the screen © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 2 Lesson knowledge check 1 What is the smallest piece of information that a computer can store? A. Bite B. Byte C. Bit D. Software © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 3 Lesson knowledge check 1 What is the smallest piece of information that a computer can store? A. Bite B. Byte C. Bit (Correct) D. Software © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 4 Key physical computer components A computer is made up of various components that all work together to accomplish the tasks that the user requests. Hardware Software The circuits, chips, wires, plugs, The instructions or commands that monitor, keyboard, mouse, and tell the hardware how to work other mechanical components that make up a computer © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 5 Key physical computer components (cont.) CPU The main processor of these instructions is called the central processing unit (CPU). The CPU processes or arranges all the ones and zeros with each command provided. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 6 Key programmatic computer components—Software A sequence of instructions given to a computer is called a software program. Computers use software programs to control hardware. A computer will take an action, such as a mouse click or a keyboard stroke, and recognize this as a command to do something. It stores this command, processes it, and then finally displays the output using a monitor, screen, or speakers. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 7 Key programmatic computer components—OS The OS is the primary program. A common example of an OS is Microsoft Windows. The OS can: Manage software, which controls the hardware Act as the communicating mechanism between the hardware and all other software programs running Help you interact with your computer without having to speak in ones and zeros Manage the computer’s memory Control access to input and output devices Manage running multiple software simultaneously © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 8 Lesson knowledge check 3 Which of the following are functions of an operating system (OS)? (Select THREE.) A. Allocates processing power B. Manages the computer’s memory C. Works as an output device D. Manages access to input and output devices E. Works as an input device © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 9 Lesson knowledge check 3 Which of the following are functions of an operating system (OS)? (Select THREE.) A. Allocates processing power (Correct) B. Manages the computer’s memory (Correct) C. Works as an output device D. Manages access to input and output devices (Correct) E. Works as an input device © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 10 Mod u le 1 : H ard ware Fund amentals Lesson 2: Differentiate between types of computers © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Four main types of computers—An introduction Computers vary in: Size: They can be huge and occupy an entire building or tiny enough to be embedded in wrist watches. Speed: Computer speeds can range from 1.5 GHz to a hundred billion operations per second and more. Purpose: The typical computers used in offices and homes are used for simple tasks, such as typing documents, listening to music, or playing games. The specialized computers that are found in huge laboratories work with massive amounts of data and crunch numbers for weather forecasts, nuclear research, and even space exploration. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 12 Types of computers—An introduction Microcomputer Minicomputer A small computer designed to support a single A powerful multi-user computer that can user, but is not limited to a single user. Size varies support multiple users simultaneously. CAT from personal computer (PC), smartphone, car scanner and tape-backup systems in a data entertainment, and game console up a center are examples of minicomputers. workstation or a server. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 13 Types of computers—An introduction (cont.) Mainframe computer Supercomputer A powerful multi-user computer that can An extremely powerful computer that can support hundreds or thousands of users compute hundreds of millions of data per simultaneously. second. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 14 Types of computers—Microcomputers Microcomputer A microcomputer is usually called a PC because it is designed to be used by a single-user at a time. This type of computer uses microprocessor technology, which allows manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip. The size and purpose of microcomputers can vary. They can be categorized into a workstation, a PC, and portable computers, such as a laptop, a notebook, a tablet, or a handheld computer. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 15 Types of computers—Minicomputers The minicomputer: Usually called a server that has been optimized to provide services to other computers over a network Have powerful processors, lots of memory, and large hard drives Are stand-alone computers used by organizations for general business applications, such as billing and record keeping © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 16 Types of computers—Mainframe computers A mainframe computer: Is built for reliable transaction processing Can support hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously The same size as a household refrigerator © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 17 Types of computers—Mainframe computers (cont.) How a mainframe computer differ from your PC? Stores thousands of times more data and access it more quickly than a typical computer Handles high-level data transactions and has built-in security features Used by banks and organizations that need to store great volumes of complex and important data while maintaining high levels of security A primary difference between a mainframe and a supercomputer is that a mainframe executes many programs concurrently whereas a supercomputer focuses on the execution of a few programs as quickly as possible. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 18 Types of computers—Supercomputers The supercomputer: Consists of thousands of processors Takes advantage of parallel processing by using thousands of CPUs at the same time Can work with speed measured in petaflops. One petaflop equals one thousand trillion calculations per second Example: China’s supercomputer, Tianhe 1, ran massive solar energy simulations and performed some of the most complex molecular studies ever undertaken © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 19 Types of computers—Supercomputers (cont.) As of November 2018, the Supercomputer, Summit, in the United States was the fastest supercomputer performing at speeds of 143.5 petaflops. Some well-known manufacturers of supercomputers include Cray Research, IBM, and Fujitsu. Specialized fields that require supercomputers include: Nuclear weapons research Space exploration ​Natural resources exploration Earthquake research Weather forecasting © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 20 Description of the various types of microcomputers PCs: Small, relatively inexpensive, and designed for individual use Used in households for productivity applications, games, entertainment, and to browse the internet Used in businesses for desktop publishing, running spreadsheet applications, accounting, and database management applications © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 21 Description of the various types of microcomputers (cont.) A workstation: Is a powerful, single-user computer Has a more powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor than a PC Used for engineering application, desktop publishing, software development, and applications that need a moderate amount of computing power and relatively high-quality graphic capabilities © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 22 Description of the various types of microcomputers (cont.) Laptop and notebook computers Is portable and small enough to fit on a person’s lap Has computing power and an OS is like a PC Has a CPU, memory capacity, and disk drives Is equipped with a battery that enables the laptop to be run without the power supply Laptops typically feature a screen size of ten to eighteen inches, notebooks are typically fifteen inches or less Notebooks were introduced after laptops hit the Laptops typically weigh three to ten pounds, market. Both types of products have clearly notebooks typically weigh less than five improved enough to eliminate the need to pounds distinguish notebooks from laptops. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 23 Description of the various types of microcomputers (cont.) Tablet computers: Is a portable computer with a touch screen interface Lacks a built-in physical keyboard © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 24 Description of the various types of microcomputers—Smartphone and smartwatch Smartphone Smartwatch A smartphone is commonly uses an iOS or A smartwatch is a wearable microcomputer. Android OS. It has limited functionality. For example, the Apple watch runs Apple’s iOS and features sensors for environmental and health monitoring. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 25 Description of the various types of microcomputers—Microcontroller Microcontroller: Examples: Is a programmable microcomputer that The computer in a car that can play performs niche tasks music stored on your cell phone Is also known as an embedded system The computer in a washing machine Enables the user to store data and that can sense the load size and adjust execute simple commands and tasks the washing technique accordingly © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 26 What is software? How do computers work? Every computer is given a set of instructions to perform a specific task. This sequence of instructions is called a software program. Software programs interact with the physical components of a computer or hardware to perform specific tasks. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 27 What is hardware? Computer hardware refers to the various physical devices and components of a computer. Hardware can include: Monitor, Mouse, Keyboard, Webcam Printer, Speakers Hardware inside the system unit A key piece of hardware inside the system unit is the motherboard. It is the backbone of the computer and hosts: CPU Memory Fans that cool the computer Additional key hardware © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 28 Interaction between software and hardware How do software programs and hardware interact? 1. The software program is loaded from its stored location onto the RAM. 2. The software program receives input through keystrokes, mouse cursor movement, button clicks, or other programs. 3. The data is processed through the CPU. 4. An output is provided and may be displayed on the monitor. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 29 Types of software programs Types of software include: OS Utility software Application software Programming software © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 30  Motherboards © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Server motherboards What is a server motherboard? A server motherboard: Server motherboards need: Is also known as the mainboard or system Multiple CPU cores to support multithreading board Higher capacity computer processing unit (CPU), Combines all server components into one random-access memory (RAM), and I/O interface system Back side bus (BSB) and front side bus (FSB) with Contains a chipset, which is the most critical a capacity that can adequately service multiple component because it controls all bus cores workloads Requires reliable power resources, such as an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) or redundant power supplies Requires fans and high-speed bus Connects to input/output (I/O) interfaces © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 32 Server motherboards (cont.) Server motherboard sizes Name Size (in mm) Note Server motherboards come SSI CEB 305x267 Similar to ATX in many sizes, each suited to a particular purpose. SSI EEB 305x330 Similar to ATX Some have similarities with SSI MEB 244x244 Similar to ATX advanced technology extended (ATX) form-factors Extended ATX (EATX) 305x330 Used in rackmount server systems used in personal computers Used in rackmount (PCs). Enhanced Extended ATX (EEATX) 347x330 server systems for dual processor units Others are specialized for WTX 33.6x425.4 Large, for workstations rackmount systems and with multiple CPUs workstations. SWTX 4418x330 Large, for multiple CPUs © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 33 Components of a motherboard CPU socket Allows the CPU to be directly connected to the motherboard Must be compatible with the CPU Typically uses land grid array (LGA) pins, which must be checked to ensure the pins are not bent © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 34 Components of a motherboard (cont.) Memory slots Each motherboard has an even number of memory slots for adding RAM Two to eight memory slots per CPU socket. The number of slots increases as the performance and demand of the server increases RAM must be compatible with the memory slot Color-coded slots indicate that the motherboard supports dual channel sets of RAM © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 35 Components of a motherboard (cont.) Expansion slots Used to install add-in cards, such as network interface cards and Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) controller or Host Bus Adapter (HBA) cards. These slots can also allow the server’s capabilities to expand over time. Peripheral component interconnect (PCI) Accelerated graphics port (AGP) PCIs are expansion slots designed to add AGP is an expansion slot specifically designed hardware such as network cards, sound cards, to add a video or graphics card. This is and other peripherals to a computer through uncommon for severs, which typically use PCI- the motherboard. based graphics that are integrated into the motherboard. Although PCI and AGP are still used in new computers, in modern motherboards, the PCI Express (PCI-E) has replaced the AGP as the primary slot for the graphics card. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 36 Components of a motherboard (cont.) System panel connectors Connect the components in the front panel of the computer—the power button, the reset button, and the LEDs to the motherboard Use color-coded cables to connect the front panel components © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 37 Components of a motherboard (cont.) Front panel Back panel Connect to peripheral devices through USB ports ports Serial ports Parallel port Are color-coded Ethernet port o Keyboard is purple o Mouse is green o Audio is lime green o Microphone is pink © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 38 Components of a motherboard (cont.) Integrated circuits Integrated circuits allow for communication between components. There are two types: 1. Northbridge integrated circuit: Facilitates the communication between the CPU, the RAM, and the AGP Also called the PCI/AGP controller 1 2. Southbridge integrated circuit: Located south of the PCI bus 2 Is smaller than the NIC Handles most of the input/output (I/O) devices Communicates with the CPU through the NIC © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 39 Components of a motherboard (cont.) Super I/O integrated circuit Controls the I/O devices such as the keyboard and mouse Combines the interfaces for I/O devices having a low bandwidth © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 40 Components of a motherboard (cont.) Cooling components Heat sink: Is a cooling device Placed on top of the CPU to provide a path for heat to escape Transfers heat generated by the CPU chipset to a fluid medium, such as water or air © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 41 Components of a motherboard (cont.) Active heat sinks Passive heat sinks Common in PCs Common in servers Run on the power supply of the Consist of an aluminum radiator that computer removes heat through convection Most likely include a fan Have no moving parts © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 42 Components of a motherboard (cont.) Cooling components Case fan: Attaches to the case of a motherboard through 4-pin connectors Used to blow cool air inside the case © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 43 Components of a motherboard (cont.) P4 connector 24-pin ATX power supply Is a 4-pin power connector cable of 12-volt connector that is generally used to connect the CPU The 24-pin ATX connector connects the Helps the motherboard to access extra power supply and the motherboard. power through the 12-volt cables © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 44 Components of a motherboard (cont.) ATA/IDE disk drive connections SATA connection ports Integrated drive electronic (IDE) or advanced Serial advanced technology attachment (SATA): technology attachment (ATA): An interface used to connect mass storage An interface that helps a drive (hard drive, CD, or devices such as hard disk drives and optical drives DVD drive) to connect directly to the motherboard. to the motherboard © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Faster than IDE 45 Components of a motherboard (cont.) Inductors Capacitors Consists of a conducting wire wrapped Consists of two conduction plates with an around an iron core, which creates an insulator between them electromagnetic coil Used to supply steady power through DC Used to avoid power fluctuations voltage to the other components © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 46 Components of a motherboard (cont.) Jumpers CMOS backup battery Can be used to facilitate the flow of electricity The complementary metal-oxide semiconductor by closing an electric circuit (CMOS) battery supports information such as the Helps in configuring the settings for peripheral system’s time, date, and hardware settings. components CMOS is also called the non-volatile basic input/output system (BIOS) memory and the real © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 47 time clock (RTC)  Processors © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. What are the functions of a processor? What is a processor? A central processing unit (CPU) or a processor is an integrated circuit implemented on a single silicon wafer, which controls all the functions of the computer. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 49 What are the functions of a processor? (cont.) Microprocessor components The modern computer microprocessors are designed around the Von Neumann architecture, in which both the program and the data are stored in the same memory. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 50 What are the functions of a processor? (cont.) CU Reads the instructions Generates digital signals that guide the other components to perform operations based on those instructions o Example: When the CU reads an instruction to add two numbers, it activates the addition module that would then perform the required addition operation. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 51 What are the functions of a processor? (cont.) ALU Performs arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division Performs logical operations: or, and, nor, not © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 52 What are the functions of a processor? (cont.) Input/output units (I/O) Sends and receives instructions and data to and from the system memory and the peripherals connected to the computer Peripherals could include input- output devices, such as mice, computers, monitors, and so on. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 53 What are the functions of a processor? (cont.) Registers Memory devices that store bits of information Located in the CPU Store input and the result The most quickly accessible memory locations Size defines the capacity of the microprocessor. o For example, a microprocessor of 32-bit microprocessor can perform operations on inputs as large as 32 bits, whereas a 64-bit microprocessor can perform operations on inputs up to 64 bits. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 54 What are the functions of a processor? (cont.) Cache A temporary storage that is integrated with the CPU Accessing cache is faster than accessing RAM, but still slower than registers. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 55  Memory © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. What is computer storage and why is it needed? What is computer storage? Storage is required to process data and store information. While a computer could run without storage, it would only be able to view information. Even a basic task like browsing the internet requires storage. Storage comes in two types: primary and secondary. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 57 Primary storage Most prevalent storage type of a computer Used for temporary data needs Accessed directly and in any order by the computer’s central processing unit (CPU), reducing processing time Represents the working area used to run applications Considered volatile because it requires a power source to function and data is only retained while power is available Made from semiconductors, making it more costly than secondary storage © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 58 Primary storage in action Do you recall eating Imagine that it’s each bite of your 12:00 PM. breakfast? Do you recall how many cars or Do you recall your people you passed, exact route to or anything about work? what they looked like? © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 59 Primary storage in action (cont.) While you don’t recall the details, your brain had the information required to eat your breakfast and drive your car. This is similar to how primary storage works. Your brain did not retain the step-by- step details. That space can now be used for other short-term memory needs. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 60 Primary storage examples RAM Cache memory RAM) is the most common type of Cache memory, also known as CPU primary storage. You might even memory, is a physical, dedicated hear the terms used interchangeably. memory to the CPU and is the first place a processor looks for instructions on how to run a program. If the CPU finds the instructions it requires in the cache, it can bypass a more time-consuming process of reading the RAM and deliver optimal performance to the user. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 61 Secondary storage Secondary storage: Is used for long-term, permanent storage of data. Contains data managed by users; a user saving or deleting data changes the contents of the secondary storage. Is housed inside or outside the computer. Is not accessed directly by the CPU, which means it takes longer to access. Requests route through RAM then back to the CPU. Is not considered volatile as it does not require an uninterruptible power source to retain data. Is made from magnetic or optical material, making it less costly than primary storage. Is used to store large volumes of files. A personal computer, on average, has around 1–10 TB of secondary storage. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 62 Secondary storage in action During a coffee break, you’re thinking about last summer’s family vacation and the vacation you’d like to plan for this summer. To plan an even better vacation this year, you recall what you did and what was enjoyable for everyone. While it might have taken you a few moments, more memories continue to surface. Your vacation memories are stored in the brain’s version of secondary storage: long-term and permanent. It is a bit slower to access, but the data is there. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 63 Secondary storage examples The internal hard drive is the most common form of secondary storage. Here are a few examples of external secondary storage: CDs Eternal hard drives Flash drives Magnetic tapes © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 64  Storage Drives © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Secondary storage devices and the various types Introduction to secondary storage devices A storage device is hardware that can hold temporary or permanent information. Computers come with primary and secondary storage devices. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 66 Secondary storage devices and the various types (cont.) Primary storage devices Secondary storage devices Hold information only for a short time while the Nonvolatile: Hold information permanently, even computer is running while the computer is switched off Volatile storage: Lose data when the computer is Keep information until the data is erased or switched off overwritten by the user Can be external or internal to the computer © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 67 Secondary storage devices and the various types (cont.) HDDs An HDD is the largest storage device fitted inside a computer. It is a nonvolatile storage device consisting of rotating magnetic disk plates which help store data. Uses of HDDs Stores all the files required for the computer’s operating system (OS) and software programs Stores other files, such as videos, audio, images, and documents © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 68 Secondary storage devices and the various types (cont.) SSDs An SSD is another storage device that stores data in flash memory chips, which do not require power to retain data. Because the chips are not constantly moving, SSDs provide faster data access than HDDs. Uses of SSDs They are also more durable and consume less energy than an HDD. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 69 Secondary storage devices and the various types (cont.) USB flash drives A USB flash drive is a removable and rewritable storage device that retains data in flash memory chips. Uses of USBs Consists of an integrated USB interface that activates communication to the device it is connected to Derives its power from the connected device through its unique port Is also known as a jump drive Is compact and portable Is mainly used for transferring data © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 70 Secondary storage devices and the various types (cont.) Tape cartridges A tape cartridge is a removable storage device that stores data on small magnetic tapes. Uses of tape cartridges Read and write data onto looped, flexible tape when it is connected to a computer Can store a large amount of scattered data Must scan through a lot of tape to retrieve small amounts of data Is mainly used for archival and backup purposes © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 71  Command Line © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. What is Windows Command Prompt? Commands are short sets of characters (such as letters and symbols) that tell a computer to take a specific action. The command prompt, also known as the DOS prompt or command line, is the shell interface of the Windows operating system (OS) where users can run commands. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 73 What is Windows Command Prompt? (cont.) The two types of command prompts are internal and external. Internal External Built-in commands of the OS Additional commands of the Example: Commands to open a OS that require a file to act on file directory or move a file to Example: Commands to open a another place program or running a task © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 74 What is Windows Command Prompt? (cont.) Accessing Windows Command Prompt 1. Right-click the Windows icon and choose Run. 2. Type cmd in the Run command box and choose OK. 3. By default, the working directory for the command prompt is the directory of the currently logged-in user. The user can see this in the command prompt: :\Users\> Type in the commands here and then 4. Alternatively, users can type cmd or choose Enter. Results will be displayed command prompt in the search bar to after the command is processed. access the Windows Command Prompt tool. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 75 Common prompt commands Windows uses many commands. Let’s look at some examples. dir start copy Fetches a list of the current Starts a program, Copies a specified file from files and folders inside the command, or a batch file— a specified location to current directory or the the command is followed another location—syntax: directory specified after the by the name of the copy invoke certain functions, as required © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 76 Common prompt commands (cont.) Windows uses many commands. Let’s look at some examples. cd md rd Changes directory Creates a new directory Removes a directory—the cd/ brings you to the root To create a single folder command is followed by a file directory. within the current directory, path and all folders within cd.. moves up one level. use md. that path are deleted. To create multiple folders in Precede the path with the the current directory, use command /S to delete the md path.. Precede the path with the command /Q to remove the display of the yes or no confirmation. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 77 Common prompt commands (cont.) Windows uses many commands. Let’s look at some examples. Move Del Moves a file from one location Deletes a file or number of to another—the syntax is files—the command can be similar to the copy command used with wildcards (“*”) also. move. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 78 Cloud Concepts Overview © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Section 1: Introduction to cloud computing Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. What is cloud computing? © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 81 Cloud computing defined Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of compute power, database, storage, applications, and other IT resources via the internet with pay-as-you-go pricing. © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 82 Infrastructure as software Cloud computing enables you to stop thinking of your infrastructure as hardware, and instead think of (and use) it as software. © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 83 Traditional computing model Infrastructure as hardware Hardware solutions: Require space, staff, physical security, planning, capital expenditure Have a long hardware procurement cycle Require you to provision capacity by guessing theoretical maximum peaks © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 84 Cloud computing model Infrastructure as software Software solutions: Are flexible Can change more quickly, easily, and cost-effectively than hardware solutions Eliminate the undifferentiated heavy-lifting tasks 85 Cloud service models IaaS PaaS SaaS (infrastructure as (platform as a (software as a a service) service) service) More control Less control over IT resources over IT resources © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 86 Cloud computing deployment models Cloud Hybrid On-premises (private cloud) © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 87 Similarities between AWS and traditional IT Traditional, on-premises IT space AWS Security Security groups Firewalls ACLs Administrators Network ACLs IAM Networking Router Network pipeline Switch Elastic Load Balancing Amazon VPC On-premises Compute servers Amazon EC2 AMI instances Storage and DAS SAN NAS RDBMS database Amazon Amazon Amazon Amazon EBS EFS S3 RDS © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 88 Section 1 key Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of IT resources via the internet with pay-as-you-go takeaways pricing. Cloud computing enables you to think of (and use) your infrastructure as software. There are three cloud service models: IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS. There are three cloud deployment models: cloud, hybrid, and on-premises or private cloud. Almost anything you can implement with traditional IT can also be implemented as an AWS cloud computing service. © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 89 Section 2: Advantages of cloud computing Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Trade capital expense for variable expense Capital Data center investment Pay only for the amount based on forecast you consume © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 91 Massive economies of scale Because of aggregate usage from all customers, AWS can achieve higher economies of scale and pass savings on to customers. AWS Cloud Economies of scale Savings © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 92 Stop guessing capacity Overestimated Underestimated Scaling on server capacity server capacity demand © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 93 Increase speed and agility Launch Weeks between wanting Minutes between wanting resources and having resources resources and having resources © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 94 Stop spending money on running and maintaining data centers r o ll y s Pa.t. i… il tie …ance g. …U. ….t.en…. … in …. ….. a….in… a.. d.sc …. … re p … …. ….… M. …..… …n …... wa a L…. …. ….. …… ….……..….………… …..r…d..H. a… …..…... … …. ….…..…. ….. …..…. … ….. …. … Investment ….……..… …. … …..… ….. … ….... … … ….… …. … …... …… ….. ….. … …. ……. …. ….. …. … … … …. … ….. … … …... … … Running data centers Business and customers © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 95 Go global in minutes © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 96 Section 2 key Trade capital expense for variable expense takeaways Benefit from massive economies of scale Stop guessing capacity Increase speed and agility Stop spending money on running and maintaining data centers Go global in minutes © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 97 Section 3: Introduction to Amazon Web Services (AWS) Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Regions, availability zone and edge locations © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 99 Regions, availability zone and edge locations © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 100 Regions, availability zone and edge locations © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 101 Regions, availability zone and edge locations © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 102 Regions, availability zone and edge locations © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 103 Regions, availability zone and edge locations © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 104 What are web services? A web service is any piece of software that makes itself available over the internet and uses a standardized format—such as Extensible Markup Language (XML) or JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)—for the request and the response of an application programming interface (API) interaction. Request message Internet Response message Client Web service © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 105 What is AWS? AWS is a secure cloud platform that offers a broad set of global cloud-based products. AWS provides you with on-demand access to compute, storage, network, database, and other IT resources and management tools. AWS offers flexibility. You pay only for the individual services you need, for as long as you use them. AWS services work together like building blocks. © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 106 Categories of AWS services Analytics Application AR and VR Blockchain Business Compute Integration Applications Cost Customer Database Developer Tools End User Game Tech Management Engagement Computing Internet Machine Management and Media Services Migration and Mobile of Things Learning Governance Transfer Networking and Robotics Satellite Security, Identity, and Storage Content Delivery Compliance © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 107 Simple solution example Networking Compute Database Storage AWS Cloud Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) Amazon DynamoDB Users Amazon S3 Amazon EC2 © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 108 Choosing a service The service you select depends on your business goals and technology requirements. Amazon VMware Cloud EC2 AWS on AWS Lambda Amazon ECS ? AWS Elastic Beanstalk Amazon EKS Amazon AWS Fargate AWS Outposts Lightsail AWS Batch © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 109  Services covered in this course Compute services – Storage services – Management and Amazon EC2 Amazon S3 Governance services – AWS Lambda Amazon S3 Glacier AWS Trusted Advisor AWS Elastic Beanstalk Amazon EFS AWS CloudWatch Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling Amazon EBS AWS CloudTrail Amazon ECS AWS Well-Architected Tool Amazon EKS Database services – AWS Auto Scaling Amazon ECR Amazon RDS AWS Command Line Interface AWS Fargate Amazon DynamoDB AWS Config Amazon Redshift AWS Management Console Amazon Aurora AWS Organizations Security, Identity, and Compliance services – Networking and Content AWS Cost Management AWS IAM Delivery services – services – Amazon Cognito Amazon VPC AWS Cost & Usage AWS Shield Amazon Route 53 Report AWS Artifact Amazon CloudFront AWS Budgets AWS KMS Elastic Load Balancing AWS Cost Explorer © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 110 Three ways to interact with AWS AWS Management Console Easy-to-use graphical interface Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) Access to services by discrete commands or scripts Software Development Kits (SDKs) Access services directly from your code (such as Java, Python, and others) © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 111 Section 3 key AWS is a secure cloud platform that offers a broad set of global cloud-based products called services takeaways that are designed to work together. There are many categories of AWS services, and each category has many services to choose from. Choose a service based on your business goals and technology requirements. There are three ways to interact with AWS services. © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 112 Section 4: Moving to the AWS Cloud – The AWS Cloud Adoption Framework (AWS CAF) Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. AWS Cloud Adoption Framework (AWS CAF) AWS CAF provides guidance and best practices to help organizations build a comprehensive approach to cloud computing across the organization and throughout the IT lifecycle to accelerate successful cloud adoption. AWS CAF perspectives AWS CAF is organized into six perspectives. Perspectives consist of sets of capabilities. © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 114 Six core perspectives Focus on business Focus on technical capabilities capabilities © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 115 Business perspective We must ensure that IT is aligned with business needs, and that IT investments can be traced to demonstrable business results. IT finance IT strategy Benefits realization Business risk management Business managers, finance Business perspective capabilities managers, budget owners, and strategy stakeholders © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 116 People perspective We must prioritize training, staffing, and organizational changes to build an agile organization. Resource management Incentive management Career management Training management Organizational change management Human resources, staffing, and people managers People perspective capabilities © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 117  Governance perspective We must ensure that skills and processes align IT strategy and goals with business strategy and goals so Portfolio management the organization can maximize the business value of its IT investment and minimize business risks. Program and project management Business performance measurement License management Governance perspective capabilities CIO, program managers, enterprise architects, business analysts, and portfolio managers © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 118  Platform perspective We must understand and communicate the nature of IT systems and their relationships. We Compute provisioning must be able to describe the architecture of the target state environment in detail. Network provisioning Storage provisioning Database provisioning Systems and solution architecture CTO, IT managers, and Application development solutions architects Platform perspective capabilities © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 119 Security perspective We must ensure that the organization meets its security objectives. Identity and access management Detective control Infrastructure security Data protection CISO, IT security managers, Incident response and IT security analysts Security perspective capabilities © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 120 Operations perspective We align with and support the operations of the Service monitoring business, and define how day-to-day, quarter-to- quarter, and year-to-year business will be Application performance monitoring conducted. Resource inventory management Release management/ change management Reporting and analytics Business continuity/ Disaster recovery IT operations managers and IT service catalog IT support managers Operations perspective capabilities © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 121 Section 4 key Cloud adoption is not instantaneous for most organizations and requires a thoughtful, deliberate takeaways strategy and alignment across the whole organization. The AWS CAF was created to help organizations develop efficient and effective plans for their cloud adoption journey. The AWS CAF organizes guidance into six areas of focus, called perspectives. Perspectives consist of sets of business or technology capabilities that are the responsibility of key stakeholders. © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 122 Module wrap-up Module 1: Cloud Concepts Overview © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Module summary In summary, in this module you learned how to: Define different types of cloud computing models Describe six advantages of cloud computing Recognize the main AWS service categories and core services Review the AWS Cloud Adoption Framework © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 124 Complete the knowledge check © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 125  Sample exam question Why is AWS more economical than traditional data centers for applications with varying compute workloads? Choice Response A Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) costs are billed on a monthly basis. B Customers retain full administrative access to their Amazon EC2 instances. C Amazon EC2 instances can be launched on-demand when needed. D Customers can permanently run enough instances to handle peak workloads. © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 126 Sample exam question answer Why is AWS more economical than traditional data centers for applications with varying compute workloads? The correct answer is C. The keywords in the question are AWS is more economical than traditional data centers for applications with varying. © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 127 Additional resources What is AWS? YouTube video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZ5H8sn_2ZI&feature=youtu.be Cloud computing with AWS website: https://aws.amazon.com/what-is-aws/ Overview of Amazon Web Services whitepaper: https://d1.awsstatic.com/whitepapers/aws-overview.pdf An Overview of the AWS Cloud Adoption Framework whitepaper: https://d1.awsstatic.com/whitepapers/aws_cloud_adoption_framework.pdf 6 Strategies for Migrating Applications to the Cloud AWS Cloud Enterprise Strategy blog post: https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/enterprise-strategy/6-strategies-for- migrating-applications-to-the-cloud/ © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 128  Thank you All trademarks are the property of their owners. © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 129