Arts of the NEOCLASSIC and ROMANTIC Periods PDF

# ARTS Grade 9 ## Arts of the NEOCLASSIC and ROMANTIC Periods ### 3rd Quarter Period ## NEOCLASSICAL ART PERIOD (Neoclassicism) - The word neoclassic came from the Greek word “neos” meaning “new” and the Latin word "classicus" which is similar in meaning to the English phrase "first class”. - Neo...

# ARTS Grade 9 ## Arts of the NEOCLASSIC and ROMANTIC Periods ### 3rd Quarter Period ## NEOCLASSICAL ART PERIOD (Neoclassicism) - The word neoclassic came from the Greek word “neos” meaning “new” and the Latin word "classicus" which is similar in meaning to the English phrase "first class”. - Neoclassical art pieces such as paintings, sculpture and architecture generally portrayed Roman history which elevated the Roman heroes. ### Characteristics of Neoclassical Art - portrayal of Roman history - formal composition - the use of diagonals to show the peak of an emotion or moment (versus a regular moment) - local color - overall lighting - classic geo-structure ## NEOCLASSICAL ARTISTS ### PAINTERs AND SCULPTORs | PAINTERs & SCULPTORs | DESCRIPTION | |---|---| | JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID | Painter | | JEAN-AUGUSTE DOMINIQUE INGRES | Painter | | ANTONIO CANOVA | Sculptor | | BERTEL THORVALDSEN | Sculptor | ## JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID - NEOCLASSICAL PAINTER - Jacques-Louis David was an influential French painter in the Neoclassical style and considered to be the pre-eminent painter of the era. - His subjects of paintings were more on history. ### "THE DEATH OF MARAT" - David's masterpiece shows the portrayal of a revolutionary martyr. - This is a painting of the murdered French revolutionary leader Jean-Paul Marat. ### "NAPOLEON CROSSING THE ALPS" - The painting that showed a strongly idealized view of the real crossing that Napoleon and his army made across the Alps through the Great St. Bernard Pass in May 1800. ### "OATH OF THE HORATII" - It was a large painting that depicts a scene from a Roman legend about the dispute between Rome and Alba Longa. - The three brothers, those who appear willing to sacrifice their lives for the good of Rome, are shown saluting their father who holds their swords out for them. ## JEAN-AUGUSTE-DOMINIQUE INGRES - NEOCLASSICAL PAINTER - Ingres was a pupil of Jacques-Louis David. - He was influenced by Italian Renaissance painters like Raphael, Nicolas Pousin, Botticelli, and his mentor, Jacques-Louis David. - His paintings were usually nudes, portraits and mythological themes. - He was regarded as one of the great exemplars of academic art and one of the finest Old Masters of his era. ### PORTRAIT OF NAPOLEON ON THE IMPERIAL THRONE - The painting depicts Napoleon in his decadent coronation costume, seated upon his golden encrusted throne, hand resting upon smooth ivory balls. - During his reign, the painting was owned by the Corps Legislatif which was a part of the French Legislature. - The painting was believed to be commissioned by the King of Italy. ### "THE APOTHEOSIS OF HOMER" - The painting was a state-commission by Charles X to have him remembered in the building works of the Louvre. - The painting depicts an image of Homer, receiving all the brilliant men of Rome, Greece, and contemporary times. ## ANTONIO CANOVA - NEOCLASSICAL SCULPTOR - Canova was a prolific Italian artist and sculptor who became famous for his marble sculptures that delicately rendered nude flesh. - He opened the idea for portraying discrete sexual pleasures by using pure contours with his mythological compositions. ### "PSYCHE AWAKENED BY CUPID'S KISS" - A marble sculpture portraying the relationship of Psyche and Cupid. ### "WASHINGTON" - A life-size marble statue of George Washington, done in the style of a Roman general, by the Italian Neoclassical sculptor Antonio Canova. - This is a marble sculpture currently displayed at North Carolina Museum of History. ## BERTEL THORVALDSEN - NEOCLASSICAL SCULPTOR - Thorvaldsen was the first internationally acclaimed Danish artist. - He executed sculptures of mythological and religious themes, characters. ### "CHRIST" - A marble sculpture image of resurrected Christ currently located at the Thorvaldsen Museum. ### "LION OF LUCERNE" - A sculpture of a dying lion in Lucerne, Switzerland that commemorates the Swiss Guards who were massacred in 1792 during the French Revolution. ## NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE - Neoclassical architectural styles started in the mid-18th century. - It turned away from the grandeur of Rococo style and the Late Baroque. - In its purest form, Neoclassical architecture was a style principally derived from the architecture of Classical Greece and Rome and the architectural designs of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio. ### TYPES OF NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE | TYPES OF NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE | | --- | | TEMPLE STYLE | | PALLADIAN STYLE | | CLASSICAL BLOCK STYLE | ### LA MADELEINE DE PARIS - Shows an example of a neoclassical building. ### BRITISH MUSEUM - Shows an example of a neoclassical building. ### PANTHEON - Shows an example of a neoclassical building. ## PALLADIAN STYLE - Palladian buildings were based on Andrea Palladio's style of villa construction. - Some of the buildings feature a balustrade which is a railing with vertical supports along the edge of the roof. - There are vertical supports within a balustrade known as "balusters" or spindles". ### PALLADIAN STYLE - One of the famous architects in the era was Robert Adam. - He was known as the Palladian architect of the Neoclassical who designed two well-known American civic buildings- The White House and the United States Capitol. - He had also designed many country houses. ## CLASSICAL BLOCK STYLE - The building features a rectangular or square plan, with a flat roof and an exterior rich in classical detail. - The exterior features a repeated classical pattern or series of arches and/or columns. - The overall impression of such a building was a huge, classically-decorated rectangular block. - Classical block architecture also flourished in the United States, particularly in New York. ### FAMOUS ARCHITECTS OF CLASSICAL BLOCK STYLE | FAMOUS ARCHITECTS OF CLASSICAL BLOCK STYLE | DESCRIPTION | | --- | --- | | HENRI LABROUSTE | His masterpiece is the Library of Sainte Geneviève. | | CHARLES GARNIER | He designed the most famous classical block of all which is the Palais Garnier (a Neobaroque opera house). | ## ROMANTIC ART PERIOD (Romanticism) - Romanticism was a movement in which the artists of Neoclassical period sought to break new ground in the expression of emotion, both subtle and stormy. - It embraced several distinctive themes, such as a longing for history, supernatural elements, social injustices, and nature. - Landscape painting also became more popular due to the peoples' romantic adoration of nature. ### Characteristics of Romantic Art - shows the height of action - emotional extremes - celebrated nature as out of control - dramatic compositions - heightened sensation (life and death moments) ## Romantic Paintings - The paintings of the Romantic period gave more emphasis on emotion. - Artists expressed as much feeling and passion as it could be on a canvas. ## ARTISTS OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD ## JEAN LOUIS THEODORE GERICAULT - ROMANTIC PAINTER - Géricault was the first French master and the leader of the French realistic school. - His masterpieces were energetic, powerful, brilliantly colored, and tightly composed. ### "THE RAFT OF THE MEDUSA" - The Raft of the Medusa portrays the victims of a contemporary shipwreck. - The people on this raft were French emigrants enroute to West Africa. ### "CHARGING CHASSEUR" - The painting portrays a mounted Napoleonic cavalry officer who is ready to attack. - The painting was Géricault's first exhibited work, and it is an example of Géricault's attempt to condense both movement and structure in its art. - The picture include its dramatic diagonal arrangement and vigorous paint handling. ### "INSANE WOMAN" - One of several portraits Gericault made of the mentally disabled that has a peculiar hypnotic power. - Within this period, he would address subjects with different mental health issues, and these can be contrasted visually to get an idea for how society would perhaps treat them differently, depending on their behavior. ## EUGENE DELACROIX - ROMANTIC PAINTER - Delacroix was considered the greatest French Romantic painter of all. - He achieved brilliant visual effects using small, adjacent strokes of contrasting color. - He was the most influential to most of Romantic painters and eventually, his technique was adopted and extended by the Impressionist artists. ### "LIBERTY LEADING THE PEOPLE" - This painting commemorates the July Revolution of 1830, which knocked down King Charles X of France. - A woman holding the flag of the French Revolution personifies Liberty and leads the people forward over the bodies of the fallen. ## FRANCISCO GOYA - ROMANTIC PAINTER - Francisco Goya was a commissioned Romantic painter by the King of Spain. - He was also a printmaker regarded both as the last of the "Old Masters" and the first of the "Moderns". ### "THE THIRD OF MAY" - The Third of May is Goya's masterpiece that sought to commemorate Spanish resistance to Napoleon's armies during the occupation of 1808 in the Peninsular War. ### "SATURN DEVOURING HIS SON" - This artwork depicts the Greek myth of the Titan Cronus (Saturn), who fears that he would be overthrown by one of his children, so he ate each one upon their birth. ### "THE BURIAL OF SARDINE" - The "Burial of the Sardine" was a Spanish ceremony celebrated on Ash Wednesday and was a symbolical burial of the past to allow society to be reborn, transformed with new vigor. ## ROMANTIC PAINTING (Landscape Painting) - Landscape painting depicts the physical world that surrounds us and includes features such as mountains, valleys, vegetation, and bodies of water. - The sky is another important element shaping the mood of landscape paintings. - Landscape art ranges from highly detailed and realistic to impressionistic, romantic and idealized. ### ROMANTIC PAINTING (Landscape Painters) | ROMANTIC PAINTING (Landscape Painters) | DESCRIPTION | | --- | --- | | Théodore Rousseau | *LE REPOS SOUS LES SAULES* and *THE CHURCH OF MARISSEL, NEAR BEAUVAIS* | | Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot | *DER KLEINE FISCHER* and *LANDSCAPE WITH A PLOWMAN* | ## ROMANTIC SCULPTURE - Romantic sculpture can be divided into works that concern about the human world and those that concern the natural world. - The leading sculptors of each type were Rude and Barye, respectively. ## FRANÇOIS RUDE - ROMANTIC SCULPTOR - François Rude was best known for his social art which aimed to inspire and capture the interest of a broad public. - He rejected the classical repose of the late 18th- and early 19th-century French sculpture in favor of a dynamic, emotional style and created many monuments that stirred the public for generations. ### "DEPARTURE OF THE VOLUNTEERS" - Known as "La Marseillaise", this work portrays the goddess Liberty urging the forces of the French Revolution onward. ### "JEANNE D'ARC" - In the sculpture, Joan is depicted at the age of 13, listening to the voices of Saint Michel, Sainte Catherine and Sainte Marguerite who ordered her to deliver France from the English occupation. - Pictured is the plaster caste in Musée. ## ANTOINE-LOUIS BARYE - ROMANTIC SCULPTOR - He was the most famous animal sculptor of all time. - He studied the anatomy of his subjects by sketching residents of the Paris zoo. ### "HERCULES SITTING ON A BULL" - Barye sculpted Hercules with the Erymanthean Boar, depicting Hercules's fourth Labor, where he had to capture a live wild boar from Mount Erymanthos. ### "THESEUS SLAYING THE MINOTAUR" - The sculpture of Barye that shows King Aigeus and the Poseidon's son, Theseus, they both visited princess Aithra the very same night. - Theseus holding his knife over Minotaur, a monster having the head of a bull and the rest of the body human, devouring human flesh. ## "NEOCLASSICISM vs ROMANTICISM" | NEOCLASSICISM | ROMANTICISM | |---|---| | REASON | PASSION | | Nature is defined as human nature | Nature is defined as natural environment (woods, mountains, etc) | | Society is more important than the individual | The individual is more important than society | | Tradition | Experimentation | | Rules and order | Freedom | | Reason Imagination, | Emotion | ## "NEOCLASSICISM and ROMANTICISM" - Art forms of the Neoclassic Period were produced in the late 18th century. - These artworks are influenced by Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. - Neoclassic style is highly visible in paintings, sculptures and architecture of the 18th century. - Romanticism is highly contrasted with Neoclassicism. - It is a reaction to the classical, contemplative nature of Neoclassical pieces. - It seeks modernism and expresses emotion through art. - Landscape painting became more popular due to the peoples' romantic adoration of nature.