Neoclassical and Baroque Art History PDF

# Neoclassical Artists and Paintings - line direction and quality over color, light, shadow and mood. - **Inspiration:** - Historical occurrences, Greek and Roman mythologies and moral tales ## Major Artists - **Jacques-Louis David:** Principal figure in the field of neoclassical paintings...

# Neoclassical Artists and Paintings - line direction and quality over color, light, shadow and mood. - **Inspiration:** - Historical occurrences, Greek and Roman mythologies and moral tales ## Major Artists - **Jacques-Louis David:** Principal figure in the field of neoclassical paintings. - **Oath of the Horatii:** Diagonal lines = masculinity, Curve lines = femininity, 3 males fight with swords. - **Jean-Auguste Dominique:** Was David's student and successor. - **La Grande Odalisque:** Woman naked sitting sideward from behind. ## Sculptures - **Antonio Canova:** Dominant figure. Ideal purity of ancient classical art. - **The Three Graces:** Three daughters of Zeus, who represent youth and beauty. - **Bertel Thorvaldsen:** Danish Sculptor - **Jason with the Golden Fleece:** Proud in the moment he managed to get his fleece and can now return to his home kingdom. - **Jean-Antoine Houdon:** French sculptor who achieved fame in Rome. - **George Washington:** Most accurate sculpture of US presidents. ## Neoclassical Architecture - **Principles:** Simplicity and symmetry. - **Orders:** Doric, Ionic, Corinthian. - **Correct Use of Proportions** - **Jacques Germain Soufflot:** French architect, studied upon principles of Neoclassicism. - **Pantheon** - **Carl Gottahard Langhans:** Prussian Builder and Architect. - **Brandenburg Gate in Berlin** # Renaissance and Baroque Art - **Renaissance (French word):** To be born again. - **Rinascimento (Latin):** To be reborn. - **Renaissance began with its artistic movement in Florence Italy.** - **Middle Ages:** Art was a symbol for religion, and was permeated with different religious symbolisms. - **Johannes Gutenberg:** Movable type printing press. ## Early Renaissance (1420-1500) - **Sandro Botticelli:** Florentine painter, studied at a time named Fra Filippo Lippi. - **Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Simone Masaccio:** Revolutionized Italian painting creates illusion of space and depth. - **Filippo Brunelleschi:** First Renaissance architect (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian) - **Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi (DONATELLO):** Portrayed Human body in a realistic/dramatic way. ## High Renaissance (1500-1527) - **Leonardo da Vinci:** Greatest artist, Master painter. - **Michelangelo Buonarroti:** Greatest stone carver. - **Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (RAFAEL):** Work incorporates clarity of form and ease of composition. - **Donato Bramante:** Introduced Early Renaissance style to Milan and High Renaissance style to Rome. ## Baroque Art (Barocco): Irregular pearl or stone - **Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio:** Painter of temperament, who puts human emotions into his canvas. - **Peter Paul Rubens:** Chief Baroque artist. _Rembrant Harmenszoon van Rijn_: Prolific painter from the Netherlands, biblical mythological spirituality and realism. - **Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velasquez:** Spanish painter, painter of King Phillip IV. # Renaissance Paintings - **The Creation of Adam:** By Michelangelo, fresco painting. - **Last Supper/Mona Lisa:** By Leonardo da Vinci. - **Sfumato (smoky):** Blending one shade into another. # Renaissance Sculptures - **Pieta:** By Michelangelo Buonarroti. (Girl holding/carrying Jesus) - **David:** By Michelangelo Buonarroti (Man standing naked) - **Contrapposto(counterpose):** One leg holds full weight while the other is relaxed. # Renaissance architecture - **St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City:** Grand dome with a height of 136 meters. - **Florence Cathedral:** Designed by Filippo Brunelleschi. (Aka. Catbedral of Santa maria del flore) # Baroque Painting - **Las Meninas:** By Diego Velazquez, painting includes Infanta Margaret Theresa. - **Elevation of the Cross:** By Peter Paul Rubens. - **Supper at Emmaus:** By Michelangelo Merisi Da Caravaggio. - **Chiaroscuro:** Strong contrasts between light and dark. # Baroque Sculpture - **Ecstasy of Saint Theresa:** By Gian Lorenzo Bernini. # Baroque Architecture - **San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane:** By Francesco Borromini.