Week 1 Network Operating System Fundamentals PDF

Week 1 Network Operating System Fundamentals About Me Mr. Prasant Adhikari (Module Leader) MS in Computer Science, New York University (NYU) Specialization: CyberSecurity @ICP: Smart Data Discovery, Cybersecurity Fundamentals, FYP Supervisor [email protected] About Me Favorite Acti...

Week 1 Network Operating System Fundamentals About Me Mr. Prasant Adhikari (Module Leader) MS in Computer Science, New York University (NYU) Specialization: CyberSecurity @ICP: Smart Data Discovery, Cybersecurity Fundamentals, FYP Supervisor [email protected] About Me Favorite Activity in Class: Questions Least Favorite Activity in Class: Chatter What your module is ? Semester long Module 15 Weeks Study of Network Operating systems (Windows / Linux Servers) Operations of Network Operating systems Virtualizations Understand security and troubleshooting inside Network Operating System Aims of the module To understand the importance of Network operating systems (NOS) To explain the operation of Network operating systems, and their benefits To describe hardware requirements for the effective operation of NOS Aims of the module (contd..) To compare some of the most commonly available NOS, and their abilities and limitations To understand the concept of virtualization and its application in modern server environments To understand server documentation, security and troubleshooting Module learning outcomes LO1. Understand how the modern Network operating systems work, and the interrelation between hardware and software; LO2. Explain the function and structure of modern Network operating systems; LO3. Identify the compare the most widely used Network operating system LO4. Use preventive maintenance to solve security upgrading issues in responsible and professional manner; LO5. Implement hardware and software troubleshooting techniques, and record and present the technical findings critically and effectively Syllabus Introduction to NOS, NOS clients Basic network design Microsoft (Windows Servers) Create users/profiles. Patching/Securing Active directory design Syllabus Domain controller function IIs Linux installation /samba / apache Linux Create users/profiles controlling services. NOS Server Hardware and software Server Virtualisation Network administration role and best practises server security Troubleshooting Assessments Logbook - 20% - Weekly Practical Test - 20% - Week 6+7+8+9 MCQ - 10% - Week 11 Unseen Theory Exam - 50% - Week 13 Extra Credits can be collected throughout Text Books IT Essentials II: Network Operating Systems Companion Guide (Cisco Networking Academy Program) (Cisco Networking Academy Program Series) ISBN-10: 1587130971 CompTIA Network+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide, Seventh Edition (Exam N10-007) ISBN-10: 1260122387 Recommended Books… Modern Operating Systems, Andrew S. Tanenbaum Computer Networks, Andrew S. Tanenbaum Computer Networks: A Top Down Approach, Kurose & Ross Windows Internals: Part 1 & 2, Objectives 1.1 Operating System Basics 1.2 Network Operating System Overview 1.1 Operating System Basics 1.1.1 Overview of PC Operating System Desktop microcomputers first become popular and widespread in the early 1980s. Productivity of desktop computers was limited by their inability to share information easily with other system. 1.1 Operating System Basics 1.1.2 PCs and Computer Network Companies installed local-area networks (LANs) to connect desktop PCs so that the PCs could share data and peripherals, such as printers. Network operating system (NOS) requires more computing muscle than the desktop counterparts. 1.1 Operating System Basics 1.1.2 PCs and Computer Network A new breed of PCs was pressed into service as network servers. These computers ran a NOS and became the focal point of the PC-based LAN. 1.1 Operating System Basics 1.1.2 PCs and Computer Network Web browsing, electronic mail (e-mail), and other Internet-related applications are now the focus of home computing. To provide these Internet technologies, companies such as Microsoft have retooled their desktop operating systems. The desktop OS now includes many of the features and services that were once reserved for the NOS. 1.1 Operating System Basics 1.1.3 Kernel Kernel is the most common term for the core of the operating system. It is a small piece of code that is loaded into memory when the computer boots. This computer code contains instructions that allow the kernel to manage hardware devices, memory allocation, system processes, and other programs. 1.1 Operating System Basics 1.1.3 Kernel 1.1 Operating System Basics 1.1.4 User Interface Component of the OS that the user interacts with. The UI is like an interpreter, translating user keystrokes, mouse clicks, or other input for the appropriate programs. Allows the user to manipulate software using visual objects such as windows, pull-down menus, pointers, and icons. 1.1 Operating System Basics 1.1.4 User Interface 1.1 Operating System Basics 1.1.5 File System The file system provides the directory structure that organizes the user's operating system, application, configuration, and data files. File Allocation Table, 32-bit (FAT32) – A file system that can support partition sizes up to 2 TB or 2,048 GB. New Technology File System (NTFS) – A file system that can support partition sizes up to 16 Exabytes, in theory. 1.1 Operating System Basics 1.1.5 File System 1.1 Operating System Basics 1.1.6 Common Desktop Operating System Microsoft Windows one of the most popular operating systems today. Example: Windows 11, Window 10 , so forth. Apple Mac OS Apple computers are proprietary and use an operating system called Mac OS. Current versions of Mac OS are now based on a customized version of UNIX. 1.1 Operating System Basics 1.1.6 Common Desktop Operating System UNIX/Linux UNIX, which was introduced in the late 1960s, is one of the oldest operating systems. There are many different versions of UNIX, example Linux. Linux was developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991, and it is designed as an open-source operating system. Open-source programs allow the source code to be distributed and changed by anyone as a free download or from developers at a much lower cost than other operating systems. 1.2 Network Operating System Overview 1.2.1 Common Network Operating System Network OS - corporate environment Supports multiple users Runs multi-user applications Is robust Provides increased security compared to desktop operating systems Built-in networking components and network services, multiuser capability, and sophisticated file security and file sharing technologies Examples: Microsoft Windows: Windows Server 2022, and Windows Server 2019 Linux: Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS and so forth. 1.2 Network Operating System Overview 1.2.1 windows vs Linux NOS Comparison Windows has been marketed as a user-friendly, graphical interface (GUI), desktop operating system. The roots of Linux begin with UNIX and with that modular design made Linux a very popular choice among system administrators to run their servers. 1.2 Network Operating System Overview 1.2.2 windows vs Linux NOS Differences Text-mode interface functionality Cost Obtaining the OS Available application software Obtaining application software Virus vulnerability Security features Supporting multiple users 1.2 Network Operating System Overview 1.2.3 The Client-Server Model Most network applications, including Internet-related applications such as the World Wide Web (WWW) and e-mail, are built around a client/server relationship. A server offers network services, such as e-mail to other programs called clients. Once enabled, a server program waits to receive requests from client programs. If a legitimate request is received, the server responds by sending the appropriate information back to the client. 1.2 Network Operating System Overview 1.2.3 The Client-Server Model Any computer can act as a server as long as it is connected to the network and is configured with the appropriate software. Most organizations put all of their key network services on high-end computers called servers running NOSs optimized for servicing remote clients. 1.2 Network Operating System Overview 1.2.4 Evaluating Customer resources and Requirements One of the first things that must be taken into consideration when buying or building a new computer are the requirements that are needed to allow the system to efficiently provide the service. Determining the customer resources will also help decide on what type of system to build or buy for the customer. 1.2 Network Operating System Overview 1.2.4 Evaluating Customer resources and Requirements A Linux workstation is a system that is typically a standalone computer consisting of one monitor, keyboard, and mouse. Most often a workstation will be configured with a network connection as well. 1.2 Network Operating System Overview 1.2.4 Evaluating Customer resources and Requirements Servers really have no need to the user-oriented features like large monitors, speakers or sound card. They need to consist of things like reliable and fault tolerant hard disks. For this reason, servers will have large, high-performance hard disks such as Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) disks or solid-state drive (SSDs) 1.2 Network Operating System Overview 1.2.4 Evaluating Customer resources and Requirements Determining the customers resources is an important step in evaluating the requirements that are needed but also that will be available. These can include things like existing hardware, budgetary constraints, and having the proper expertise available. Linux provides and excellent means for reusing existing hardware and extending the life of old and otherwise unusable systems. Linux has the ability to run without a GUI that can use up all the system resources. One way to deal with budget constraints is to decide the proper hardware that is needed and what the user will need to accomplish the job. Thank You