Types of Operating Systems PDF

Types of Operating Systems Batch Operating System is designed to manage and execute a large number of jobs efficiently by processing them in groups. Examples: Payroll Systems and Bank Statements. Multi-tasking Operating System allow multiple users to perform multiple tasks at the same time. Types...

Types of Operating Systems Batch Operating System is designed to manage and execute a large number of jobs efficiently by processing them in groups. Examples: Payroll Systems and Bank Statements. Multi-tasking Operating System allow multiple users to perform multiple tasks at the same time. Types of Multi-tasking OS Pre-emptive Multi-Tasking OS is also known as cooperative multitasking, this operating system never initiates context switching from the running process to another process. Examples: Macintosh OS version 8.0-9.2.2 and Windows 3.x operating system. Non-pre-emptive Multi-Tasking OS can initiate a context switching from the running process to another process. In other words, the OS allows stopping the execution of the currently running process and allocating the CPU to some other process. Examples: UNIX, Windows 95, Windows NT operating system. Multi-Processing Operating System is a type of Operating System in which more than one CPU is used for the execution of resources. It betters the throughput of the System. Time-Sharing Operating System Each task is given some time to execute so that all the tasks work smoothly. Each user gets the time of the CPU as they use a single system. These systems are also known as Multitasking Systems. Unicode (pronounced “YOU ni code”) uses sixteen bits and provides codes or 65,000 characters UTF-8 is a variable-length coding scheme that uses seven bits for common ASCII characters but uses sixteen-bit Unicode as necessary Distributed Operating System multiple CPUs are utilized, but for end-users, it appears as a typical centralized operating system. It enables the sharing of various resources such as CPUs, disks, network interfaces, and computers across different sites, thereby expanding the available data within the entire system. Network Operating System These systems run on a server and provide the capability to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions. Real-Time Operating System A real time operating system time interval to process and respond to inputs is very small. Mobile Operating System are those OS which is especially that are designed to power smartphones, tablets, and wearables devices. Some most famous mobile operating systems are Android and iOS, but others include BlackBerry, Web, and watchOS. Data - refers to the symbols that represent people, events, things, and ideas. Data can be a name, a number, the colors in a photograph, or the notes in a musical composition. Data Representation - refers to the form in which data is stored, processed, and transmitted. Digitization - is the process of converting information, such as text, numbers, photo, or music, into digital data that can be manipulated by electronic devices. History of Assembly language It started in the 40s with the introduction of first assembler language. The mastermind behind it is Kathleen Booth, who designed ARC assembly language Kathleen Booth (1922 - 2022) was a British computer scientist and mathematician who created the first assembly language, including the Automatic Relay Calculator (ARC). NBA Jam is a basketball arcade game developed by midway in 1993. It is the first entry in the NBA Jam series, and was written entirely in assembly language. The main designer and programmer for this game was Mark Turmell Menuet OS is an operating system for PC. Written fully in assembly language (64 bit and 32 bit). Features include pre-emptive and real time multitasking with multiprocessor support and Graphical User Interface. VISICAL C or Visible Calculator was the spreadsheet computer program for personal computers and originally released for Apple II by VisiCorp in 1979. These registers are 32 bits each, like an int in c+ eax - accumulator. Very general purpose. Used for math, data, and functionreturn values. ebx - base address (within data segment - points to the data segment of the exc – counter. Used for loops and repeats edx - data. Very general purpose.Used for math and data