Biochemistry LE 3: Fatty Acid Synthesis and TAG Metabolism

What is formed when long-chain fatty alcohol reacts with carbon 1 of glycerol 3-phosphate moiety of phosphatidic acid?

Phosphatidylcholine

Phosphatidylinositol

Plasmalogens (correct)

Cardiolipin

Where does fatty acid synthesis primarily occur in humans?

Muscle tissue

Liver (correct)

Adipose tissue

Pancreas

What is the major source of carbon for the synthesis of fatty acids?

Dietary carbohydrates (correct)

Dietary protein

Dietary fat

Amino acids

What is the end product of fatty acid synthesis?

Palmitate Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the citrate shuttle in fatty acid synthesis?

To transport citrate into the fatty acid synthase complex Signup and view all the answers

Where are phospholipases found?

In cell membranes, lysosomes, and pancreatic juice Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an excess of dietary protein?

Increased fatty acid synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of acetyl CoA in fatty acid synthesis?

To provide two-carbon units for fatty acid synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the condensation reactions in the TCA cycle?

Citrate Signup and view all the answers

Where is the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase found?

Only in mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of acetyl CoA carboxylase in fatty acid synthesis?

It converts acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the conversion of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA?

One ATP and biotin Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of NADPH for fatty acid synthesis?

Pentose phosphate pathway and oxaloacetate recycling Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of malate dehydrogenase in fatty acid synthesis?

It converts malate to pyruvate Signup and view all the answers

How is the activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase regulated?

By phosphorylation, allosteric modification, and induction/repression of its synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What inhibits acetyl CoA carboxylase?

Palmitoyl CoA Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the conversion of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA?

To provide the two-carbon units for fatty acid synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What happens when COX-1 and COX-2 are inhibited?

Hypertension, hemodynamic acute kidney injury, stroke and myocardial infarction Signup and view all the answers

What is the major component of VLDL?

Triacylglycerol (TG) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the gene for glycerol kinase located?

X-chromosome Signup and view all the answers

In which tissue is glycerol 3-phosphate produced from glycolysis?

White adipose tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction between glycerol 3-phosphate and fatty acyl CoA?

Formation of phosphatidic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid?

Diacylglycerol Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a source of glycerol 3-phosphate in the liver?

De novo synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between diacylglycerol and another fatty acyl CoA?

Triacylglycerol Signup and view all the answers

In which state can adipose tissue store fatty acids?

Fed state Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of carbon atoms in prostaglandins?

20 Signup and view all the answers

What is the position of the hydroxyl group in biologically active prostaglandins?

Carbon 15 Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is present between carbons 13 and 14 in biologically active prostaglandins?

Double bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the capital letter in the nomenclature of prostaglandins?

To refer to the ring substituents Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of PG2 on smooth muscle contraction?

Decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of PG2a on vasodilation?

Increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of thromboxanes similar to?

Prostaglandins Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the structure of thromboxanes?

They have a 6-carbon ring with an oxygen atom Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of thromboxanes in the body?

To produce blood clots Signup and view all the answers

When does Fatty Acid Synthesis occur?

In the fed state with excess glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid synthesis?

Acetyl CoA carboxylase Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of glycolysis that is involved in fatty acid synthesis?

Pyruvate Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the citrate shuttle in fatty acid synthesis?

To transport acetyl CoA into the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers