Write short notes on the following: (vi) Every continuance of trespass gives rise to a fresh cause of action for trespass. (vii) As far as private defence is concerned, it is not a... Write short notes on the following: (vi) Every continuance of trespass gives rise to a fresh cause of action for trespass. (vii) As far as private defence is concerned, it is not available in tort. (viii) The maxim 'caveat emptor' means buyers beware. (ix) Consumer does not have the right to consumer education under Consumer Protection Act, 1986. (x) Sec 166 of the Motor Vehicle Act, 1988 provides for the Constitution of Claims Tribunals. Read more

Continuance of trespass allows fresh action, private defence isn't a tort defence, 'caveat emptor' means buyer beware, consumer education isn't listed in the 1986 Act, Sec 166 sets Claims Tribunals.

Here are short notes for each point:

(vi) Continuance of trespass: Each occurrence of trespass creates a new cause of action, allowing the injured party to sue every time the trespass is repeated or continues.

(vii) Private defence in tort: The defence of necessity applies but private defence, unlike criminal law, is not recognized as a valid defence in torts.

(viii) Caveat emptor: This Latin maxim means 'let the buyer beware,' indicating that the buyer alone is responsible for checking the quality and suitability of goods.

(ix) Consumer education under Consumer Protection Act, 1986: The act does not explicitly list consumer education as a right, though it is emphasized in practice by consumer protection bodies.

(x) Sec 166 of the Motor Vehicle Act, 1988: It provides for the setting up of Claims Tribunals for adjudicating upon claims for compensation regarding accidents involving motor vehicles.