Which of the following avoids first pass effect of drugs?
Understand the Problem
The question is asking about methods or forms of drug administration that circumvent the first pass metabolism, which refers to the initial metabolism of a drug in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation. This is relevant in pharmacology and drug delivery.
Answer
Transdermal, sublingual, nasal, and inhalation routes avoid first pass effect.
The routes that avoid the first pass effect are transdermal, sublingual, nasal, and inhalation.
Answer for screen readers
The routes that avoid the first pass effect are transdermal, sublingual, nasal, and inhalation.
More Information
The first pass effect refers to the metabolism of a drug where it gets absorbed, metabolized in the liver, and a significant amount of the active substance is reduced before reaching systemic circulation. This process can greatly reduce the bioavailability of certain drugs.
Tips
A common mistake is assuming that all non-oral routes avoid the first pass effect, but not all do. It's important to know which specific routes are effective.
Sources
- The web page with info on - Example Source - jove.com
- First Pass Effect - ScienceDirect - sciencedirect.com
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