What differentiates the neurotransmitters used by the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?
Understand the Problem
The question is asking about the differences in neurotransmitters between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. This involves identifying which neurotransmitters are associated with each division and discussing their roles in the body’s response mechanisms.
Answer
The parasympathetic uses acetylcholine, and the sympathetic uses norepinephrine.
The parasympathetic nervous system uses acetylcholine as its neurotransmitter for both pre- and postganglionic neurons, primarily acting on muscarinic receptors. In contrast, the sympathetic nervous system uses norepinephrine for most postganglionic neurons, which acts on adrenergic receptors.
Answer for screen readers
The parasympathetic nervous system uses acetylcholine as its neurotransmitter for both pre- and postganglionic neurons, primarily acting on muscarinic receptors. In contrast, the sympathetic nervous system uses norepinephrine for most postganglionic neurons, which acts on adrenergic receptors.
More Information
In the autonomic nervous system, these neurotransmitters help modulate various bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. The sympathetic system typically prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses, while the parasympathetic system supports 'rest and digest' activities.
Tips
A common mistake is assuming that both systems use the same neurotransmitter throughout. Remember, though both systems use acetylcholine in preganglionic neurons, their postganglionic neurotransmitters differ, distinguishing their effects on the body.
Sources
- Physiology, Autonomic Nervous System - StatPearls - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Sympathetic Vs. Parasympathetic and Why They Matter - efchealth.com
- Difference Between Sympathetic And Parasympathetic - BYJU'S - byjus.com
