What are the calculations for determining moles and molecular weights in given scenarios?
Understand the Problem
The question involves various chemistry problems related to moles, molecular weights, and conversions between grams and the number of molecules. It requires knowledge of Avogadro's number and basic stoichiometric relationships.
Answer
For 14 g of CO: $0.5$ moles, with $3.011 \times 10^{23}$ molecules. Molecular weight of CO: $28 \, \text{g/mol}$.
Answer for screen readers
The answers to the problems involve calculations that yield the following results:
- For 14 g of CO: $0.5$ moles, $3.011 \times 10^{23}$ molecules.
- Molecular weight of CO: $28 , \text{g/mol}$.
Steps to Solve
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Identify Required Information To address the problems in the given text, gather the relevant parameters such as mass, molecular weight, and Avogadro's number.
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Convert Grams to Moles Use the formula: $$ \text{moles} = \frac{\text{mass (g)}}{\text{molar mass (g/mol)}} $$ For instance, for 14 g of CO: $$ \text{moles of CO} = \frac{14 : \text{g}}{28 : \text{g/mol}} = 0.5 : \text{moles} $$
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Use Avogadro's Number To find the number of molecules, apply: $$ \text{number of molecules} = \text{moles} \times 6.022 \times 10^{23} $$ Using the previous result for CO: $$ \text{molecules of CO} = 0.5 , \text{moles} \times 6.022 \times 10^{23} = 3.011 \times 10^{23} : \text{molecules} $$
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Calculate Molecular Weights for Other Compounds For other compounds, calculate their molecular weights in a similar manner by summing atomic weights from the periodic table.
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Utilize Stoichiometric Relationships Apply stoichiometry for conversions between different reactants and products, using balanced chemical equations as needed.
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Determine Volume at STP At standard temperature and pressure (STP), use the fact that 1 mole of gas occupies 22.4 L to convert moles into volume if necessary.
The answers to the problems involve calculations that yield the following results:
- For 14 g of CO: $0.5$ moles, $3.011 \times 10^{23}$ molecules.
- Molecular weight of CO: $28 , \text{g/mol}$.
More Information
These calculations involve the use of Avogadro's number ($6.022 \times 10^{23}$) and the molar volume of gas at STP (22.4 L/mole). Molecular weights are critical for converting between grams and moles.
Tips
- Forgetting Units: Always keep track of units while converting, as confusion can lead to incorrect answers.
- Miscalculating Molar Mass: Ensure accurate summation of atomic weights to avoid errors in deriving molecular weights.
- Neglecting Significant Figures: When reporting answers, respect significant figures based on the precision of given data.
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