Role performance, role conflict, role strain, mechanical solidarity, organic solidarity, gemeinschaft, gesellschaft, primary groups, secondary groups, bounded relationships, in-gro... Role performance, role conflict, role strain, mechanical solidarity, organic solidarity, gemeinschaft, gesellschaft, primary groups, secondary groups, bounded relationships, in-group, in-group bias, out-group, reference group, Democratic leader, autocratic leader, laissez-faire leader, conformity, group think, social capital, social network, formal organization, voluntary association, utilitarian organization, normative organization, coercive organization, formal structure, informal structure, bureaucracy, formal rationality, iron cage, manifest vs latent, anomie, social markers, Bourgeoisie, Proletariat, Economic Determinism, Manufacturing consent, New economic order, Dominant ideology, Intersectionality, standpoint theory, institutional ethnography, social constructivism, deviant, secondary deviant, ethnomethodology, ethnocentrism, cultural relativism, sapir-whorf hypothesis, subculture, counterculture, high culture, Pierre Bourdieu's theory, popular culture, cultural change, cultural capital, social capital, cultural literacy, research methods goals, research method processes, criteria for research design, Durkheim, social facts: elements of social life that influence individual behavior, anomie: a breakdown of social norms leading to instability, mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity, Merton, Strain Theory of deviance, self-fulfilling prophecy, proposed the idea of role strain: tension among roles within an individual's life, focused on the ways society sets goals and the means available to achieve them, and how the disconnect can lead to deviance, Marx, argued that the economy is the base upon which society's superstructure (culture, law, politics, etc.) is built, proposed the idea of alienation under capitalism, where workers are disconnected from the products of their labor, bourgeoisie and proletariat, economic determinism, Weber, developed the concept of Verstehen (understanding), emphasizing the importance of subjective interpretation, focused on bureaucracy and how it represents the rise of rationalization in modern societies, formal rationality, iron cage, Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, Crenshaw, developed the concept of intersectionality to describe how different forms of oppression (race, gender, class) overlap and intersect, Dorothy Smith, founder of Standpoint Theory, focused on how gender and social location influence knowledge and perspectives, Blumer, developer of symbolic interactionism, which emphasizes the role of symbols and language in social interaction, focused on how social processes shape individual behavior, Schutz, developed phenomenological sociology, focused on intersubjectivity and how people create meaning through social interactions, emphasized the importance of life-worlds (the taken-for-granted everyday experiences of individuals), Murdock, developed the concept of the nuclear family, conducted extensive research on cross-cultural patterns, particularly around family and kinship, known for his work on cultural universals—social structures and patterns that appear in all human societies, Pierre Bourdieu, developed the concept of cultural capital (skills, education, and knowledge that can be used for social mobility), proposed the idea of habitus: ingrained habits and practices shaped by one's background and social position, introduced the concept of field: social arenas in which power relations are exercised (e.g., art, education, politics). Read more