Q2. A teenager has painless, movable cervical lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and low-grade fever with night sweats. a) Discuss the differential diagnosis. b) Elucidate the va... Q2. A teenager has painless, movable cervical lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and low-grade fever with night sweats. a) Discuss the differential diagnosis. b) Elucidate the various dominant cells found in the lesion. Q3. A Vegetarian female had breathlessness on exertion, smooth beefy red tongue, and numbness of fingers. Give the causes and laboratory features of the disease. Q4. Write short notes on: a) Write the distinguishing features of Kwashiorkor and Marasmus. b) Difference between benign and malignant tumors. c) Distinguishing features of reversible & irreversible injuries. d) Cell-derived mediators of inflammation. e) Karyotyping. f) Difference between dystrophic & metastatic calcification. g) In situ hybridization. h) Case very short answers on: a) Types of metaplasia. b) Diagram of caseous necrosis in lymph node. c) Difference between repair by primary & secondary intention. d) Downs syndrome.
Understand the Problem
The question contains various tasks related to pathology, including diagnosis, descriptions of symptoms, and differences between medical concepts. It involves detailed answers to specific medical questions and requires knowledge in pathology.
Answer
1. Hodgkin’s lymphoma, tuberculosis, mononucleosis. B12 deficiency. Histamine, cytokines. Primary/secondary healing.
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Differential diagnoses for painless cervical lymphadenopathy include Hodgkin's lymphoma, tuberculosis, and infectious mononucleosis. Dominant cells: Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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Causes for vegetarian female's symptoms: Vitamin B12 deficiency. Lab features: macrocytic anemia, low B12 levels.
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Key differences between Kwashiorkor and Marasmus: Kwashiorkor - edema, fatty liver; Marasmus - muscle wasting.
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Benign vs. malignant tumors: Benign - non-invasive, differentiated; Malignant - invasive, poorly differentiated.
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Reversible vs. irreversible injuries: Reversible - cell swelling; Irreversible - membrane rupture.
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Cell-derived mediators: Histamine, cytokines. Karyotyping involves chromosomal analysis.
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Dystrophic vs. metastatic calcification: Dystrophic - tissue damage; Metastatic - elevated calcium levels.
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In situ hybridization: Localizes specific DNA/RNA. Types of metaplasia include squamous and glandular.
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Primary vs. secondary intention: Primary - sutured wounds; Secondary - granulation tissue formation. Down syndrome: Trisomy 21.
Answer for screen readers
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Differential diagnoses for painless cervical lymphadenopathy include Hodgkin's lymphoma, tuberculosis, and infectious mononucleosis. Dominant cells: Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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Causes for vegetarian female's symptoms: Vitamin B12 deficiency. Lab features: macrocytic anemia, low B12 levels.
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Key differences between Kwashiorkor and Marasmus: Kwashiorkor - edema, fatty liver; Marasmus - muscle wasting.
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Benign vs. malignant tumors: Benign - non-invasive, differentiated; Malignant - invasive, poorly differentiated.
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Reversible vs. irreversible injuries: Reversible - cell swelling; Irreversible - membrane rupture.
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Cell-derived mediators: Histamine, cytokines. Karyotyping involves chromosomal analysis.
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Dystrophic vs. metastatic calcification: Dystrophic - tissue damage; Metastatic - elevated calcium levels.
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In situ hybridization: Localizes specific DNA/RNA. Types of metaplasia include squamous and glandular.
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Primary vs. secondary intention: Primary - sutured wounds; Secondary - granulation tissue formation. Down syndrome: Trisomy 21.
More Information
Reed-Sternberg cells are characteristic of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Vitamin B12 deficiency is common in vegetarians due to lack of animal products.
Tips
Painless lymphadenopathy often suggests chronic conditions, while painful lymphadenopathy is typically associated with acute infections. Vitamin B12 should be monitored in vegetarians.
Sources
- An approach to cervical lymphadenopathy in children - PMC - NCBI - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Mononucleosis Information | Mount Sinai - New York - mountsinai.org
