Preparation methods of aldehydes and ketones
Understand the Problem
The question is from a chemistry document discussing the preparation methods of aldehydes and ketones. It likely seeks information on the reactions and processes mentioned in the text.
Answer
Aldehydes: Rosenmund reduction, Stephen reaction, Gattermann-Koch. Ketones: Acyl chlorides with Grignard.
Aldehydes can be prepared from acyl chlorides via Rosenmund reduction, from nitriles by the Stephen reaction or DIBAL-H reduction, and from hydrocarbons by oxidation or Gattermann-Koch reaction. Ketones can be prepared from acyl chlorides using Grignard reagents.
Answer for screen readers
Aldehydes can be prepared from acyl chlorides via Rosenmund reduction, from nitriles by the Stephen reaction or DIBAL-H reduction, and from hydrocarbons by oxidation or Gattermann-Koch reaction. Ketones can be prepared from acyl chlorides using Grignard reagents.
More Information
The Rosenmund reduction converts acyl chlorides directly to aldehydes using Pd/BaSO4. The Stephen reaction involves reducing nitriles to aldehydes. The Gattermann-Koch reaction is used for synthesizing aromatic aldehydes like benzaldehyde.
Tips
Ensure correct catalysts and conditions for each reaction to avoid side products.
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