Introduction to Body Systems. Define anatomy and physiology. Describe the hierarchy (organization) of life. Give an example for each. List all 11 body systems and provide their fun... Introduction to Body Systems. Define anatomy and physiology. Describe the hierarchy (organization) of life. Give an example for each. List all 11 body systems and provide their function. What is homeostasis? Describe how a negative feedback loop works. Use an example to help you explain this. Explain how the circulatory, respiratory and digestive systems work together. What is the role of blood? What are the 4 major components of blood? What are each of their functions? Compare and contrast each type of blood vessel. What is the pulmonary circuit? What is the systemic circuit? What are the three main functions of the heart? What is the role of the septum? Describe the role of coronary arteries. Starting at the vena cava, list the pathway of blood as it flows through the heart. What is the role of the respiratory system? What is the function of the epiglottis? Why is the trachea made of 'C-shaped' cartilage? Where are our vocal cords found? How many lobes are each lung composed of? Why? Describe the general structure of alveoli. What is their role in respiration? What kind of blood vessel surrounds alveoli? What is a concentration gradient? How does this relate to the respiratory system? (CO2, O2) Explain how breathing rate is controlled by a negative feedback loop. Describe the mechanics of breathing during INHALATION and EXHALATION (D.C.A.L.). What is the role of the digestive system? What is the cellular respiration equation? What are the four stages (processes) of digestion? Where do each of these processes occur? What are primary organs? What are secondary organs? Explain what peristalsis is and where it occurs. Compare and contrast chemical digestion with physical digestion. What is the role of villi in the small intestine? What is bile? Where is it produced and stored? What does insulin regulate? Where is it produced? Read more

The body has 11 organ systems and maintains homeostasis through negative feedback. Circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems work together for oxygen, nutrient delivery, and waste removal. Blood is key in transport, with four components: red cells, white cells, platelets, and plasma.

The body has 11 organ systems: circulatory, respiratory, digestive, excretory, nervous, endocrine, immune, skeletal, muscular, reproductive, and integumentary. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment. A negative feedback loop involves reducing the output of a process to its set point, as seen in temperature regulation. The circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems supply cells with oxygen and nutrients and remove waste. Blood consists of red cells, white cells, platelets, and plasma, with roles in transport, immunity, clotting, and fluid balance. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins toward the heart, and capillaries allow exchange between blood and tissues. The pulmonary circuit moves blood between heart and lungs, while the systemic circuit circulates it throughout the body. The heart functions to pump blood, maintain pressure, and manage flow direction. The septum divides heart chambers, and coronary arteries supply the heart with oxygen-rich blood. Blood flows from the vena cava to the right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, and body. The respiratory system exchanges gases; the epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea. 'C-shaped' cartilage in the trachea provides flexibility. Vocal cords are in the larynx. The right lung has three lobes; the left has two to accommodate the heart. Alveoli are tiny sac structures for gas exchange, surrounded by capillaries. A concentration gradient drives gas diffusion. Negative feedback regulates breathing via CO2 levels. Inhalation involves diaphragm contraction and increased chest cavity volume. The digestive system breaks down food for energy. Cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP. Digestion occurs in four stages: ingestion (mouth), digestion (stomach/intestine), absorption (intestine), elimination (anus). Primary organs are involved directly in digestion, while secondary organs aid the process. Peristalsis (esophagus/intestines) aids movement of food. Chemical digestion involves enzyme activity while physical digestion involves mechanical breakdown. Villi increase absorption surface area in the small intestine. Bile, produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, emulsifies fats. Insulin, from the pancreas, regulates glucose.