In-Groups and Out-Groups, Reference Groups
Understand the Problem
The question is discussing the concepts of in-groups and out-groups as well as reference groups in the context of social identity and belonging. It aims to clarify how these groups influence individual behavior and attitudes.
Answer
In-group: the group to which an individual belongs. Out-group: those not in the individual’s group. Reference group: a comparison group for evaluation.
An in-group is a social group to which an individual feels they belong, characterized by positive views and preferential treatment among members. An out-group is a group to which an individual does not belong, often perceived as different or outside the individual’s social circle. A reference group is a group that individuals compare themselves to for evaluating their own behaviors and attitudes, serving as a standard of measurement.
Answer for screen readers
An in-group is a social group to which an individual feels they belong, characterized by positive views and preferential treatment among members. An out-group is a group to which an individual does not belong, often perceived as different or outside the individual’s social circle. A reference group is a group that individuals compare themselves to for evaluating their own behaviors and attitudes, serving as a standard of measurement.
More Information
In-groups often show favoritism towards their members, while out-groups may face discrimination or prejudice. Reference groups can influence behavior and self-perception, playing a significant role in social identity formation.
Tips
Be sure to distinguish between belonging to the group (in-group), not belonging (out-group), and comparing oneself to the group (reference group). Avoid confusing reference group with in-group.
Sources
- In-group and out-group - Wikipedia - en.wikipedia.org
- Types of Groups | Introduction to Sociology - courses.lumenlearning.com
- 5.2 Types of Groups – Sociology in Everyday Life - openoregon.pressbooks.pub
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