In a semiconductor crystal, the atoms are held together by (a) the interaction of valence electrons (b) forces of attraction (c) covalent bonds (d) answers (a), (b), and (c). The a... In a semiconductor crystal, the atoms are held together by (a) the interaction of valence electrons (b) forces of attraction (c) covalent bonds (d) answers (a), (b), and (c). The atomic number of silicon is (a) 8 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 14. The atomic number of germanium is (a) 8 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 32. The valence shell in a silicon atom has the designation of (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3. Each atom in a silicon crystal has (a) four valence electrons (b) four conduction electrons (c) eight valence electrons (four of its own and four shared) (d) no valence electrons because all are shared with other atoms. Electron-hole pairs are produced by (a) recombination (b) thermal energy (c) ionization (d) doping. Recombination is when (a) an electron falls into a hole (b) a positive and a negative ion bond together (c) a valence electron becomes a conduction electron (d) a crystal is formed. The current in a semiconductor is produced by (a) electrons only (b) holes only (c) negative ions (d) both electrons and holes. In an intrinsic semiconductor, (a) there are no free electrons (b) the free electrons are thermally produced (c) there are only holes (d) there are as many electrons as there are holes. The process of adding an impurity to an intrinsic semiconductor is called (a) doping (b) recombination (c) atomic modification (d) ionization. A trivalent impurity is added to silicon to create (a) germanium (b) a p-type semiconductor (c) an n-type semiconductor (d) a depletion region. The purpose of a pentavalent impurity is to (a) reduce the conductivity of silicon (b) increase the number of holes (c) increase the number of free electrons (d) create minority carriers. The majority carriers in an n-type semiconductor are (a) holes (b) valence electrons (c) conduction electrons (d) protons. Holes in an n-type semiconductor are (a) minority carriers that are thermally produced (b) minority carriers that are produced by doping (c) majority carriers that are thermally produced (d) majority carriers that are produced by doping. A pn junction is formed by (a) the recombination of electrons and holes (b) ionization.
Understand the Problem
The question is asking about properties and characteristics of semiconductors, including atomic structure, electron behavior, and the effects of impurities on conductivity. Each question presents multiple-choice options related to these topics.
Answer
9. (d), 10. (d), 11. (d), 12. (d), 13. (c), 14. (b), 15. (a), 16. (d), 17. (d), 18. (a), 19. (b), 20. (c), 21. (c), 22. (a), 23. (a)
- (d) answers (a), (b), and (c)
- (d) 14
- (d) 32
- (d) 3
- (c) eight valence electrons, four of its own and four shared
- (b) thermal energy
- (a) an electron falls into a hole
- (d) both electrons and holes
- (d) there are as many electrons as there are holes
- (a) doping
- (b) a p-type semiconductor
- (c) increase the number of free electrons
- (c) conduction electrons
- (a) minority carriers that are thermally produced
- (a) the recombination of electrons and holes
Answer for screen readers
- (d) answers (a), (b), and (c)
- (d) 14
- (d) 32
- (d) 3
- (c) eight valence electrons, four of its own and four shared
- (b) thermal energy
- (a) an electron falls into a hole
- (d) both electrons and holes
- (d) there are as many electrons as there are holes
- (a) doping
- (b) a p-type semiconductor
- (c) increase the number of free electrons
- (c) conduction electrons
- (a) minority carriers that are thermally produced
- (a) the recombination of electrons and holes
More Information
Semiconductors like silicon and germanium have specific atomic numbers that determine their electronic properties. Understanding doping and carrier types is crucial for manipulating semiconductor behavior.
Tips
A common mistake is confusing majority carriers in n-type and p-type semiconductors; remember n-type has more electrons and p-type has more holes.
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