How to determine the central atom?
Understand the Problem
The question is asking for the methods or criteria to identify the central atom in a molecule, which is typically done by assessing the bonding and molecular structure of the compound.
Answer
The atom forming the most bonds, with the lowest subscript, and least electronegative (excluding hydrogen).
To determine the central atom in a molecule, identify the atom that can form the most bonds, has the lowest subscript in the molecular formula, and is the least electronegative (excluding hydrogen).
Answer for screen readers
To determine the central atom in a molecule, identify the atom that can form the most bonds, has the lowest subscript in the molecular formula, and is the least electronegative (excluding hydrogen).
More Information
The central atom is key in predicting the geometry of molecules and understanding their chemical behavior.
Tips
A common mistake is assuming hydrogen can be a central atom, which it cannot due to only forming one bond. Similarly, not accounting for the total number of available bonds can lead to incorrect identification.
Sources
- How to Determine Which Atom to Use As the Central Atom - Sciencing - sciencing.com
- 1.3: Lewis Structures - Chemistry LibreTexts - chem.libretexts.org
- How to Determine the Central Atom? - .chem.wisc.edu
