How do intermolecular forces affect the physical properties of substances?
Understand the Problem
The question is asking how intermolecular forces influence the physical properties of substances like melting and boiling points, and is presenting multiple choice options for consideration.
Answer
Strong intermolecular forces increase melting, boiling, and freezing points, and decrease vapor pressure.
Intermolecular forces significantly affect the physical properties of substances. Stronger intermolecular forces result in higher melting, boiling, and freezing points, lower vapor pressures, and typically higher viscosities. Conversely, weaker intermolecular forces lead to lower melting, boiling, and freezing points and higher vapor pressures.
Answer for screen readers
Intermolecular forces significantly affect the physical properties of substances. Stronger intermolecular forces result in higher melting, boiling, and freezing points, lower vapor pressures, and typically higher viscosities. Conversely, weaker intermolecular forces lead to lower melting, boiling, and freezing points and higher vapor pressures.
More Information
Intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and dipole-dipole interactions, play a crucial role in determining the state and behavior of substances under various conditions.
Tips
A common mistake is confusing intermolecular forces with intramolecular forces. Intermolecular forces are weaker and affect physical properties like boiling and melting points, while intramolecular forces involve bonds within a molecule.
Sources
- 13.6: Physical Properties and Intermolecular Forces - chem.libretexts.org
- Effects of Intermolecular Forces - ChemTalk - chemistrytalk.org
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