DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis (Chapters 13 & 14 in the online textbook). Each Student should be able to: 1. Define the following terms: a. helicase - A protein that unzips DNA for... DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis (Chapters 13 & 14 in the online textbook). Each Student should be able to: 1. Define the following terms: a. helicase - A protein that unzips DNA for replication. b. DNA polymerase - A protein that makes the complimentary stranded during replication. c. purine - A double ringed nucleotide (A,G). d. pyrimidine - A single ringed nucleotide (T,C). protein synthesis - The process of making proteins. codon - Three nucleotide on DNA or RNA, Code for one Amino Acid. g. promoter - A section of DNA that signals the beginning of a gene. terminal signal - A section of DNA that signals the end of a gene. start codon - A section of mRNA that starts protein synthesis. stop codon - A section of mRNA that stops protein synthesis. anticodon - A section of tRNA that is complementary to a codon. ribosome - The organelle that does protein synthesis. m. “the Central Dogma of Biology” - (DNA-RNA-Protein). 2. Match the scientist’s name with the discovery the scientist made: - Griffith - Bacteria Transformation (Info travels), - Avery - DNA is the transformation agent, - Chase/Hershey - Virus/Bacteria and confirmed that DNA is the hereditary info, - Franklin - X-ray, - Watson/Crick - 1st structure of DNA. 3. Describe the structure of DNA: a.it is made of a chain of nucleotides, b.nucleotides are composed of three parts (phosphate, sugar, and base), c.there are four types of bases in DNA (Symbolized by the letters A, G, C, T). 4. Recall that bases pair-up in specific ways across the DNA (and between DNA and RNA) with G always pairing with C; and A always pairing with T (or U in RNA). “Complementary Base Pairs”. 5. Write the three differences between DNA and RNA: - RNA has a different sugar, - RNA is single stranded, - Uracil is in RNA. 6. Name the three types of RNA, what is the shape of each, and what does each do: - mRNA (Strand Shape), - tRNA (T shape), - rRNA (Blob shape). 7. Describe each of the following (what is produced by each process, describe what happens in each process, and where in the cell does each process occur): a. Replication- DNA is made in the nucleus, b. Transcription- mRNA is made in the nucleus, c. Translation- protein is made in the cytoplasm. 8. Identify an illustration of one nucleotide: tell if it is DNA or RNA; Purine of Pyrimidine; which base – Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil: - RNA, - Purine, - Uracil. 9. [skill] Label an illustration of DNA: - Phosphate-Sugar Backbone, - Phosphate, - Sugar (deoxyribose), - DNA double Helix, - Nucleotide, - Adenine, - Guanine, - Thymine, - Hydrogen Bond, - Cytosine, - Pyrimidine, - Purine. 10. [skill] Transcribe a section of DNA into mRNA: [DNA = TACGAGTGCCCTACT] [mRNA = AUGCUCACGGGAUGA]. 11. [skill] Translate a section of mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids (using a provided Codon chart or wheel): [mRNA = AUGCUCGUAUUAUGA] [Amino = Met-Leu-Val-Leu-Stop].
Understand the Problem
The question is asking for definitions, descriptions, and matching of key concepts related to DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. It covers topics such as the roles of different proteins, the structure of DNA, the types of RNA, and the processes of replication, transcription, and translation, requiring a comprehensive understanding of molecular biology.
Answer
The search results summarize concepts of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis including definitions, scientist discoveries, DNA structure, base pairing, RNA differences, RNA types, cell processes, and transcription/translation skills.
The search results provide comprehensive coverage of concepts related to DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. Key topics include definitions of relevant terms, notable scientific discoveries, DNA structure descriptions, base pairing rules, differences between DNA and RNA, types of RNA, cell processes like replication, transcription, and translation, and skills like transcription and translation using codon charts.
Answer for screen readers
The search results provide comprehensive coverage of concepts related to DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. Key topics include definitions of relevant terms, notable scientific discoveries, DNA structure descriptions, base pairing rules, differences between DNA and RNA, types of RNA, cell processes like replication, transcription, and translation, and skills like transcription and translation using codon charts.
More Information
DNA and RNA are crucial in cellular functions as they store and transmit genetic information and facilitate protein synthesis. Key scientific discoveries have elucidated these processes, driving advances in genetics and biotechnology.
Tips
Common mistakes include confusing DNA's double helix with RNA's single strand, mixing up codons with anticodons, and misinterpreting transcription and translation processes. Understanding the structure and functions of nucleotides, and practicing transcription/translation can help avoid these errors.
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