Distinguish general differences between principles of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning.
Understand the Problem
The question is asking to explain the general differences between classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning, which are key concepts in developmental psychology. It implies a need for an understanding of how these learning principles differ from one another, likely focusing on their mechanisms, processes, and implications.
Answer
Classical conditioning: associative and unconscious. Operant conditioning: consequence-based and conscious. Observational learning: learning by observation with social/cognitive aspects.
Classical conditioning involves the association of two stimuli and is usually unconscious. Operant conditioning focuses on the consequences of behaviors, using rewards or punishments, and involves more conscious processes. Observational learning involves learning by observing others and adds cognitive and social aspects.
Answer for screen readers
Classical conditioning involves the association of two stimuli and is usually unconscious. Operant conditioning focuses on the consequences of behaviors, using rewards or punishments, and involves more conscious processes. Observational learning involves learning by observing others and adds cognitive and social aspects.
More Information
Classical conditioning was first described by Ivan Pavlov and involves automatic responses. Operant conditioning, popularized by B.F. Skinner, entails voluntary responses influenced by consequences. Observational learning, studied by Albert Bandura, underscores the importance of observing and modeling behaviors.
Tips
A common mistake is confusing the processes involved in each type of learning, such as thinking both classical and operant conditioning involve conscious decision-making.
Sources
- What is Learning - Open Textbook Library - opentext.wsu.edu
- Operant vs. Classical Conditioning - Verywell Mind - verywellmind.com
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