create a reviewer for me. WIKI: THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE The origin of everything has long been a major interest for humankind, including the origin of animals, humans, plants, p... create a reviewer for me. WIKI: THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE The origin of everything has long been a major interest for humankind, including the origin of animals, humans, plants, planets, and stars. The most fundamental of all origins appears to be the origin of the universe as a whole – of all that exists. Perhaps this is why the existence of the cosmos, as well as its origin and nature, have been a topic of discussion in nearly all civilizations and cultures. In ancient times, people attempted to explain natural happenings as the consequence of gods and spirits' actions. This involves the topic of how the world, or more accurately, the Universe, came to be. The Biblical narrative of creation in the book of Genesis, which claims that God created everything in six days, is a prominent idea for the origin of the universe. In modern astronomy, there are four well-known theories that hypothesize the origin of the universe, namely: Big Bang Theory Steady State Theory Oscillating Universe Theory Let us discuss each theory one by one. BIG BANG THEORY The Big Bang Theory states that the universe, about 13.8 billion years ago, started as a “singularity”—an area predicted to be in the core of a black hole with a very high temperature and density, which compressed matter with its intense gravitational pressure from which it has cooled and expanded since. In 1922 to 1924, Edwin Hubble painstakingly developed a series of nebulae distance indicators using the 100-inch Hooker telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory in California. Edwin Hubble, then a thirty-five-year-old scientist, presented a paper in January 1925 that proved conclusively that some of the faint stellar objects were much too distant to be part of our galaxy and were in fact, "galaxies outside the Milky Way". In 1927, George Lemaître, a Belgian physicist and Roman Catholic priest, interpreted Friedman's equations and proposed that the recession of nebulae was due to the "expansion of the universe". However, both Friedman and Lemaître were mostly dismissed, even by Albert Einstein. In 1929, Hubble discovered a correlation between "nebulae distance and recession velocity" which meant that indeed "the universe was expanding", a shock to most scientists of that time. This overall narrative of the universe's history, in accordance with the big bang theory, is supported through numerous lines of observational evidence. STEADY STATE THEORY The Steady-State model states that the density of matter in the expanding universe remains unchanged over time because of the continuous creation of matter. This theory was developed in 1948 by Fred Hoyle, Herman Bondi, and Thomas Gold as an alternative to the Big Bang to explain the origin and expansion of the Universe. At the heart of the Steady State theory is the Perfect Cosmological Principle. OSCILLATING UNIVERSE THEORY The Oscillating Universe Theory discusses that the universe is expanding and will contract once all the energy after the Big Bang is used up. This theory was popular in the 1960’s and 70’s, but has currently fallen out of favor. WIKI: THE ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM Our planetary system is named the "solar system" because our Sun is named Sol, after the Latin word for Sun, "solis," and anything related to the Sun we call "solar." How did the Sun, planets, and moons in the Solar System form? Taking all these issues into account, science has suggested four key theories: Nebular Theory Protoplanet Theory Encounter Theory Accretion Theory Let us discuss each theory. NEBULAR THEORY According to this theory, the Sun and all the planets of our Solar System began as a giant cloud of molecular gas and dust. PROTOPLANET THEORY The current working model for the formation of the Solar System is called the protoplanet hypothesis. It incorporates many of the components of the nebular hypothesis, but adds some new aspects from modern knowledge of fluids and states of matter. ENCOUNTER THEORY One of the earliest theories for the formation of the planets was called the encounter hypothesis. ACCRETION THEORY Accretion Theory states that the particles that formed after the big bang slowly clustered together to form asteroids, planets, and even stars. Read more