Contrast anabolism vs. catabolism. Describe ATP traits (components of ATP, identify highest energy bond, distinguish ATP synthesis vs. ATP hydrolysis reactions). Recall basic enzym... Contrast anabolism vs. catabolism. Describe ATP traits (components of ATP, identify highest energy bond, distinguish ATP synthesis vs. ATP hydrolysis reactions). Recall basic enzyme traits (what do they consist of, how do they work, relevant terms). Interpret graphs covered in class that address enzymes. Differentiate levels of protein structure. Describe what denaturation means and conditions that can cause protein denaturation. Describe what a conjugated enzyme is; distinguish two types of cofactors (ions and coenzymes). Recall examples of coenzymes. Contrast allosteric inhibitor vs. competitive inhibitor. Describe how enzyme activity changes as substrate concentration, pH, and temperature increase. Explain why cells undergo cell respiration and/or fermentation. Recall that cell respiration and fermentation oxidize an external chemical energy source. Distinguish phototroph, chemoorganotroph, and chemolithotroph. Compare and contrast cell respiration and fermentation. Distinguish a reduction reaction from an oxidation reaction. Distinguish an oxidized vs. reduced form of a molecule. Recognize whether a diagram is describing a redox reaction. Define and distinguish three key reaction types during central metabolism: decarboxylation, substrate-level phosphorylation and redox. Recall the pathways of central metabolism (i.e., glycolysis and Kreb's cycle). Recall the overall reaction when glucose is aerobically respired. Recall what is being oxidized and reduced in this summary reaction. Summarize key input and output of glycolysis and the Kreb's cycle. Describe the role of coenzymes NAD+/NADH and FAD/FADH2 during cellular respiration. Describe what occurs during the ETC. Define chemiosmosis and recall what enzyme synthesizes ATP. Recall whether substrate-level or oxidative-level phosphorylation produces more ATP. Describe the difference between aerobic respiration vs. anaerobic respiration. Compare the location of respiration steps in eukaryotes vs. prokaryotes. Recall how fermentation differs from respiration, key traits of fermentation, key products from lactic acid and ethanol fermentation pathways, and key fermented foods generated from these pathways. Compare ways of producing ATP (aerobic, anaerobic, fermentation) in terms of relative ATP yield, which generates the most vs. the least. Read more