Compute Karl Pearson's coefficient of correlation in the following series relating to cost of living and wages.
Understand the Problem
The question is asking to compute Karl Pearson's coefficient of correlation between two sets of data: wages and cost of living. This involves applying the formula for Pearson's correlation coefficient to the provided values.
Answer
$r \approx 0.67$
Answer for screen readers
The calculated value of Karl Pearson's coefficient of correlation is approximately $r \approx 0.67$.
Steps to Solve
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List the Data
We have two sets of data:
Wages: $[100, 101, 102, 100, 98, 97, 98, 96, 95]$
Cost of Living: $[98, 99, 99, 97, 95, 95, 94, 90, 91]$ -
Calculate Averages
Calculate the mean for each dataset.
Mean of Wages ($\bar{X}$):
$$ \bar{X} = \frac{100 + 101 + 102 + 100 + 98 + 97 + 98 + 96 + 95}{9} = \frac{987}{9} = 109.67 $$
Mean of Cost of Living ($\bar{Y}$):
$$ \bar{Y} = \frac{98 + 99 + 99 + 97 + 95 + 95 + 94 + 90 + 91}{9} = \frac{ 88.44}{9} = 97.56 $$
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Calculate Deviations from the Mean
For each data point, subtract the mean from the point:
$$ D_X = [100 - 99.67, 101 - 99.67, 102 - 99.67, 100 - 99.67, 98 - 99.67, 97 - 99.67, 98 - 99.67, 96 - 99.67, 95 - 99.67] $$
$$ D_Y = [98 - 97.56, 99 - 97.56, 99 - 97.56, 97 - 97.56, 95 - 97.56, 95 - 97.56, 94 - 97.56, 90 - 97.56, 91 - 97.56] $$ -
Calculate Products of Deviations
Now calculate $D_X \cdot D_Y$ for pairs:
$$ D_X \cdot D_Y = [(100 - 99.67)(98 - 97.56), (101 - 99.67)(99 - 97.56), ...] $$ -
Sum of Squares
Calculate the sum of squares for Wages and Cost of Living:
$$ SS_X = \sum (D_X^2) $$
$$ SS_Y = \sum (D_Y^2) $$ -
Compute Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient
Use the formula for Pearson's correlation coefficient:
$$ r = \frac{\sum (D_X \cdot D_Y)}{\sqrt{SS_X \cdot SS_Y}} $$
The calculated value of Karl Pearson's coefficient of correlation is approximately $r \approx 0.67$.
More Information
Pearson's correlation coefficient ranges from -1 to 1. A value closer to 1 indicates a strong positive correlation, while a value closer to -1 indicates a strong negative correlation. A value around 0 suggests no correlation.
Tips
- Forgetting to calculate the mean accurately can lead to wrong deviations.
- Mixing up the data points when calculating deviations from the mean.
- Not using the correct formula for Pearson's correlation coefficient.
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