Be able to define or explain the following terms and concepts pertaining to cellular metabolism: Anabolism, Catabolism, Metabolism, Oxidation, Nucleotides, Codon, Triplet, Glycolys... Be able to define or explain the following terms and concepts pertaining to cellular metabolism: Anabolism, Catabolism, Metabolism, Oxidation, Nucleotides, Codon, Triplet, Glycolysis, Citric acid cycle, Electron transport chain, Denatured, Genome, Transcription, Translation, Complementary base pairs for DNA and RNA, Metabolic pathway. Also include the function of enzymes, cellular respiration, ATP and ADP, and the importance of DNA, RNA, and the three types of RNA.
Understand the Problem
The question is asking to define or explain various terms and concepts related to cellular metabolism, including processes like glycolysis, transcription, and the roles of nucleotides and enzymes.
Answer
Anabolism builds molecules; catabolism breaks them down. Metabolism covers all cell reactions. Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain are key processes. Enzymes lower activation energy. ATP is energy currency, ADP is ATP minus one phosphate. DNA and RNA store and transfer genetic info, respectively.
Anabolism involves building complex molecules from simpler ones, using energy. Catabolism breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy. Metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions within cells. Oxidation involves losing electrons, often forming energy. Nucleotides are building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. A codon is a set of three nucleotides encoding an amino acid. A triplet refers to a sequence of three nucleotides. Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate, releasing energy. The citric acid cycle processes acetyl-CoA, releasing CO2 and energy. The electron transport chain transfers electrons, forming ATP. Denatured refers to proteins losing their structure due to external factors. The genome is an organism's complete genetic material. Transcription copies DNA to RNA. Translation interprets RNA into a protein. DNA pairs A-T, C-G; RNA pairs A-U, C-G. Metabolic pathways are series of linked reactions. Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering activation energy, binding to substrates at an active site. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen, producing ATP, CO2, and water, occurring in the mitochondria. ATP stores energy; ADP is ATP minus one phosphate. DNA stores genetic information; RNA transfers it, with mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA types. Base pairs: DNA has A-T, C-G; RNA has A-U, C-G.
Answer for screen readers
Anabolism involves building complex molecules from simpler ones, using energy. Catabolism breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy. Metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions within cells. Oxidation involves losing electrons, often forming energy. Nucleotides are building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. A codon is a set of three nucleotides encoding an amino acid. A triplet refers to a sequence of three nucleotides. Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate, releasing energy. The citric acid cycle processes acetyl-CoA, releasing CO2 and energy. The electron transport chain transfers electrons, forming ATP. Denatured refers to proteins losing their structure due to external factors. The genome is an organism's complete genetic material. Transcription copies DNA to RNA. Translation interprets RNA into a protein. DNA pairs A-T, C-G; RNA pairs A-U, C-G. Metabolic pathways are series of linked reactions. Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering activation energy, binding to substrates at an active site. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen, producing ATP, CO2, and water, occurring in the mitochondria. ATP stores energy; ADP is ATP minus one phosphate. DNA stores genetic information; RNA transfers it, with mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA types. Base pairs: DNA has A-T, C-G; RNA has A-U, C-G.
More Information
The balance of anabolism and catabolism maintains cellular function. Enzymes are crucial as catalysts for speeding metabolic reactions. ATP is the primary energy carrier in the cell, and its conversion to ADP releases energy needed for cellular activities.
Tips
Avoid confusing codons with triplets. Ensure correct pairing for DNA/RNA bases. Remember enzymes are proteins that require correct conditions to function.
Sources
- Overview of metabolism (article) | Khan Academy - khanacademy.org
- 4.1 Energy and Metabolism – Concepts of Biology - opentextbc.ca
- Basics of Metabolic Reactions - PMC - NCBI - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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