A typical motorcycle emits 20 g of carbon monoxide, CO (MW = 28.01 g/mole) per mile driven, and the tailpipe emission diffuses in a 10-m² cross-section behind the cyclist. What vol... A typical motorcycle emits 20 g of carbon monoxide, CO (MW = 28.01 g/mole) per mile driven, and the tailpipe emission diffuses in a 10-m² cross-section behind the cyclist. What volume of CO would a 5 mile trip produce after the gas cools to 25 °C at 1 atmosphere? Per meter of distance traveled, what volume of air could be polluted to the air quality standard of 9 ppm? Assume complete mixing in the 10-m² cross-section, what is the maximum number of motorcycles that can be in a group going one behind another along a street before the CO concentration exceeds the air quality standard of 9 ppm? What actions can be taken to reduce CO emissions from motorcycles?
Understand the Problem
The question is asking for calculations related to the emissions of carbon monoxide from a motorcycle, including volume produced over a distance, air pollution per distance, maximum motorcycles based on air quality standards, and mitigation strategies for emissions.
Answer
The total CO volume for a 5-mile trip is approximately 87.69 L, with air pollution per meter at about 0.0109 L/m, allowing max 1211 motorcycles under 9 ppm standards.
Answer for screen readers
i. The volume of CO produced during a 5-mile trip is approximately 87.69 L.
ii. The volume of air polluted per meter traveled is approximately 0.0109 L/m.
iii. The maximum number of motorcycles in a group without exceeding CO concentration standards is approximately 1211.
iv. Actions to reduce CO emissions from motorcycles include using better engine technologies, enforcing emissions regulations, promoting public transport, and encouraging bicycle use.
Steps to Solve
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Calculate Total Emissions for 5 Miles To find the total CO emitted during a 5-mile trip, multiply the CO emitted per mile by the distance traveled. $$ \text{Total CO emitted} = 20 , \text{g/mile} \times 5 , \text{miles} = 100 , \text{g} $$
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Convert Mass of CO to Moles Using the molar mass of CO, calculate the number of moles. $$ \text{Moles of CO} = \frac{100 , \text{g}}{28.01 , \text{g/mole}} \approx 3.57 , \text{moles} $$
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Use Ideal Gas Law to Find Volume of CO at 25°C and 1 atm The ideal gas law $PV = nRT$ can be rearranged to find volume $V$: $$ V = \frac{nRT}{P} $$ Where:
- $R = 0.0821 , \text{L·atm/(K·mol)}$
- $T = 25 °C = 298 , \text{K}$
- $P = 1 , \text{atm}$.
Substituting gives: $$ V = \frac{(3.57 , \text{moles})(0.0821 , \text{L·atm/(K·mol)})(298 , \text{K})}{1 , \text{atm}} \approx 87.69 , \text{L} $$
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Calculate Volume of Air Polluted per Meter Traveled For 5 miles, convert to meters (1 mile = 1609.34 m): $$ \text{Distance in meters} = 5 , \text{miles} \times 1609.34 , \text{m/mile} \approx 8046.7 , \text{m} $$ The volume of air polluted per meter: $$ \text{Volume of air per meter} = \frac{87.69 , \text{L}}{8046.7 , \text{m}} \approx 0.0109 , \text{L/m} $$
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Calculate Maximum Number of Motorcycles Given the air quality standard of 9 ppm: $$ \text{Max CO concentration} = 9 , \text{ppm} = 9 , \text{mg/m}^3 $$ Convert to L: $$ \text{Max CO in L} = 0.009 , \text{g/m}^3 $$ To find the maximum number of motorcycles: $$ \text{Max motorcycles} = \frac{0.0109 , \text{L/m}}{0.000009 , \text{g/m}} \approx 1211 $$
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Mitigation Strategies for Reducing CO Emissions Some strategies include:
- Improved engine technology (e.g., catalytic converters)
- Regulations on emissions standards
- Promoting alternative transportation methods
- Regular maintenance of motorcycles
i. The volume of CO produced during a 5-mile trip is approximately 87.69 L.
ii. The volume of air polluted per meter traveled is approximately 0.0109 L/m.
iii. The maximum number of motorcycles in a group without exceeding CO concentration standards is approximately 1211.
iv. Actions to reduce CO emissions from motorcycles include using better engine technologies, enforcing emissions regulations, promoting public transport, and encouraging bicycle use.
More Information
The calculations show how emissions from vehicles contribute to air pollution and highlight the importance of regulatory standards. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas that can harm human health and the environment, making the reduction of emissions crucial.
Tips
- Not converting units properly (e.g., miles to meters).
- Miscalculating the volume of gas using the ideal gas law by not using consistent units for temperature and pressure.
- Confusing ppm with mg/m³; remember to check the conversion factors.
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