1. State and explain Kirchhoff's laws for an electrical network. Apply these to obtain the condition for a Wheatstone bridge. 2. Obtain an expression for drift velocity of the char... 1. State and explain Kirchhoff's laws for an electrical network. Apply these to obtain the condition for a Wheatstone bridge. 2. Obtain an expression for drift velocity of the charge carriers in a conductor. Establish the relation between electric current and drift velocity. 3. Explain the heating effect of current and state Joule's laws of heating. Define electric power and calculate the energy consumed by 100-W, 220-V bulb in 2 minutes when connected to a 220-V source.
Understand the Problem
The question is asking to state and explain several concepts related to current electricity, including Kirchhoff's laws, drift velocity, Joule's laws of heating, and calculations regarding energy consumption of a light bulb when connected to a specified voltage. This requires both theoretical explanations and a practical calculation.
Answer
1. Kirchhoff's laws & Wheatstone: \( \frac{R1}{R2} = \frac{R3}{R4} \). 2. Drift velocity: \( v_d = \frac{I}{nAe} \). 3. Joule's law: \( H = I^2Rt \); Energy: 12000 J for the bulb.
- Kirchhoff's Current Law: Sum of currents at a junction is zero. Voltage Law: Sum of voltages in a loop is zero. Wheatstone Bridge balance when ( \frac{R1}{R2} = \frac{R3}{R4} ). 2. Drift velocity ( v_d = \frac{I}{nAe} ). 3. Joule's law: ( H = I^2Rt ), Power: ( P = VI ), Energy consumed: 12000 J.
Answer for screen readers
- Kirchhoff's Current Law: Sum of currents at a junction is zero. Voltage Law: Sum of voltages in a loop is zero. Wheatstone Bridge balance when ( \frac{R1}{R2} = \frac{R3}{R4} ). 2. Drift velocity ( v_d = \frac{I}{nAe} ). 3. Joule's law: ( H = I^2Rt ), Power: ( P = VI ), Energy consumed: 12000 J.
More Information
Kirchhoff’s laws help analyze complex circuits, ensuring that energy and charge are conserved. Drift velocity provides insight into microscopic charge flow. Joule's law is essential for understanding heat production in conductors.
Tips
Common mistakes involve incorrect application of Kirchhoff's laws, especially sign errors in KVL, and misunderstanding the concept of drift velocity.
Sources
- State Kirchhoff's law an electrical network. Using these laws deduce ... - toppr.com
- Chapter 3 - Current Electricity | PDF - Scribd - scribd.com
- Kirchhoff's Laws - BYJU'S - byjus.com
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